The Guideline for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus in China(2024 edition),released by the Chinese Dia-betes Society on January 20,2025,has updated evidence on diabetes mellitus from various aspects including its epidemiological status in China,diagnosis and treatment progress,and complication management,aiming to guide and facilitate standardized comprehensive management of diabetes mellitus in clinical practice.This paper interprets the guideline from the perspective of nursing practice,focus-ing on nursing care for special diabetic conditions,lifestyle and behavioral interventions,and the procedures of relevant nursing tech-niques.We hope to provide nursing professionals with standardized guidance on diabetes prevention and treatment,thereby further standardizing and refining specialized nursing care for diabetes mellitus,enhancing the quality of patient care,and improving patient prognosis.

At present,the drug substitutes represented by new psychoactive substances are gradually be-coming popular,leading to an increasing demand for identifying novel drugs with unknown structures in drug investigation.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy is an important tool for ana-lyzing molecular structures.In the absence of standard substances,quantitative NMR(qNMR)can un-dertake the quantitative analysis of target substances in complex mixtures and has unique advantages in the research of new drugs and their precursor drugs.Due to the limitations of the site and mainte-nance costs,as well as relatively complex operation,high-field superconducting NMR is less com-monly applied in drug research.The desktop low-field NMR developed in recent years provides a new alternative solution.Due to the use of permanent magnets,its size is reduced,and the operation and maintenance costs are lowered.It has been widely used in various research fields.This article reviews the development of low-field NMR technology,summarizes the application of desktop low-field NMR in screening and identification of suspicious substances,rapid content determination,analysis of drug manufacturing processes and synthetic routes,and correlation traceability.It also looks forward to the prospects and development directions of this technology in drug research,aiming to provide a reference for researchers who work in analytical chemistry and drug research.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the disease spectrums underlying orthostatic intolerance (OI) and sitting intolerance (SI) in Chinese children, and to understand the clinical empirical treatment options. METHODS: The medical records including history, physical examination, laboratory examination, and imagological examination of children were retrospectively studied in Peking University First Hospital from 2012 to 2021. All the children who met the diagnostic criteria of OI and SI were enrolled in the study. The disease spectrums underlying OI and SI and treatment options during the last 10 years were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2 110 cases of OI and SI patients were collected in the last 10 years, including 943 males (44.69%) and 1 167 females (55.31%) aged 4－18 years, with an average of (11.34±2.84) years. The overall case number was in an increasing trend over the year. In the OI spectrum, postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) accounted for 826 cases (39.15%), followed by vasovagal syncope (VVS) (634 cases, 30.05%). The highest proportion of SI spectrum was sitting tachycardia (STS) (8 cases, 0.38%), followed by sitting hypertension (SHT) (2 cases, 0.09%). The most common comorbidity of OI and SI was POTS coexisting with STS (36 cases, 1.71%). The highest proportion of treatment options was autonomic nerve function exercise (757 cases, 35.88%), followed by oral rehydration salts (ORS) (687 cases, 32.56%), metoprolol (307 cases, 14.55%), midodrine (142 cases, 6.73%), ORS plus metoprolol (138 cases, 6.54%), and ORS plus midodrine (79 cases, 3.74%). The patients with POTS coexisting with VVS were more likely to receive pharmacological intervention than the patients with POTS and the patients with VVS (41.95% vs. 30.51% vs. 28.08%, χ²= 20.319, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the proportion of treatment options between the patients with POTS and the patients with VVS. CONCLUSION POTS and VVS in children are the main underlying diseases of OI, while SI is a new disease discovered recently. The number of children with OI and SI showed an increasing trend. The main treatment methods are autonomic nerve function exercise and ORS. Children with VVS coexisting with POTS were more likely to take pharmacological treatments than those with VVS or POTS only.
Child ; Electrolytes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metoprolol ; Midodrine ; Orthostatic Intolerance/therapy* ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Salts ; Sitting Position ; Syncope, Vasovagal/diagnosis* ; Tilt-Table Test

Objective:A multi-center and large sample volume study was conducted on the verification and improvement of the early established criteria for intelligent routine urinalysis validation (including the microscopic review rules and manual validation rules, referred to as intelligent criteria for short), in order to improve the clinical application of this intelligent criteria.Methods:A total of 31 456 urine specimens were collected from the inpatients and outpatients in six hospitals in China, from March to September 2019. Firstly, 3105 specimens were analyzed for preliminary verification and improvement of the intelligent criteria based on the results of the microscopic examination and manual validation. Secondly, 28 351 specimens were used to verify the clinical application of the improved intelligent criteria. All samples were manually validated as reference.Results:The approval inconsistency rate of the manual validation rules in the original intelligent criteria was 8.59% (202/2 352), and the interception inconsistency rate was 8.84% (208/2 352). The false negative rate and the microscopic review rate of the microscopic review rules were similar to the previous results. Based on an in-depth analysis of big data and the discussions by senior technicians from eight hospitals, one microscopic review rules and four manual validation rules were added, meanwhile two manual validation rule was deleted. The manual validation standards were unified. Finally, the intelligent criteria was improved. Based on the improved intelligent criteria, for microscopic review rules, the false positive rate, false negative rate (misdiagnosis rate), and microscopic review rate did not change significantly, which were 14.72% (457/3 105), 4.06% (126/3 105), and 24.73% (768/3 105), respectively. The approval inconsistency rate and the interception inconsistency rate of manual validation rules were both reduced to 0; the total manual validation rate of the intelligent criteria was 50.89% (1 580/3 105), and the auto-validation rate was 49.11% (1 525/3 105). The large sample volume verification results were consistent with the preliminary verification results of the improved intelligent criteria.Conclusion:This multi-center and large sample volume study had shown that the improved intelligent criteria had better clinical performance.

Objective: To clone the full-length cDNA of jasmonate-zim-domain protein (JAZ) gene in Aquilaria sinensis to provide the basic information for further study on gene function in sesquiterpenes biosynthesis pathway. Methods: With the total RNA as template, the full-length cDNA of JAZ in A. sinensis was cloned through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique and reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) method. The bioinformatics of the JAZ gene was analyzed as well. The expression of this gene was detected by qRT-PCR method with MeJA and mechanical wounding treatment in A. sinensis callus. Results: The full-length cDNA (1 507 bp) of JAZ gene was named AsJAZ1; GenBank registration number was KP677281. AsJAZ1 was obtained with an open reading frame (ORF) of 990 bp and encoding 330 amino acids. The relative molecular mass of AsJAZ1 calculated was 34 280, and the isoelecric point was 6.89. Real time PCR results indicated that both MeJA treatment and mechanical wounding could stimulate the increase of mRNA expression of AsJAZ1; There was a sharp rise at 0.5 h with about 27 times higher than the control (without MeJA treatment) with MeJA treatment, then dropped significantly. In mechanical wounding treatment, the highest peak presented in 2 h about 17 times compared to the control, then dropped significantly too. The expression of AsJAZ1 gene returned to be normal in 24 h. Conclusion: We have obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of AsJAZ1 gene firstly, which was extremely sensitive to wounding and responded to the early damage.

OBJECTIVE: To study placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with HLA-G (Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA-G) positive expression induce Treg (regulatory T cell, Treg) in vitro. METHODS: placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells were separated from neonatal placenta; PEGFP - N1 -HLA-G plasmid was transfected in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells by liposome transfection.The cells were divided into 3 groups including control group, PEGFP-N1 group and PEGFP-N1-HLA-G group, 5 complex walls in each group. Expression of HLA-G protein was detected by Western Blotting; after identification of cells, healthy human peripheral blood CD4 T lymphocytes were cultured with placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with HLA-G positive expression, and the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was accounted. RESULTS: After transfection of PEGFP-N1-HLA-G, the placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can express HLA-G protein significantly, compared with the control group and PEGFP - N1 group (<0.01). After HLA-G positive placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD4 + T lymphocytes were cultured for 24 h, the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was (16.41±0.94)%. After HLA - G positive placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD4 T lymphocytes were cultured for 48 h, the ratio of CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in T lymphocytes was (16.46±0.59)% significantly, compared with the control group and PEGFP - N1 group (<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells modified by HLA-G gene can effectively induce CD4CD25Foxp3Treg in vitro.
Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; HLA-G Antigens ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

The full-length coding sequence (cds) of jasmonate-zim-domain protein (AsJAZ1) gene was cloned from Aquilaria sinensis, the prokaryotic vector was constructed and the recombinant proteins expression was induced to provide the basic material for interactive proteins screen and gene function research. In this study, with the total RNA isolated from A. sinensis leave as template, the full-length cds of AsJAZ1 gene was amplified using RT-PCR method and subcloned into pET-28a vector. The recombinant plasmid identified by restriction enzyme digestion and nucleotide sequencing was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). Inducing with 0.5 mmol•L⁻¹ IPTG at 37 ℃ for 4 hours, a fusion protein about 39 kDa was maximumly obtained. AsJAZ1 fusion protein had been expressed successfully mainly in the form of inclusion bodies and only a very small amount was secreted into the cytoplasm in the supernatant.