TFIIB-related factor 1 (BRF1) is an important transcription factor. It specifically regulates the transcription of RNA polymerase III-dependent genes (RNA Pol III genes). The products of these genes are some small non-coding RNAs, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 5S ribosomal RNAs (5S rRNA). The transcription levels of tRNAs and 5S rRNA vary with changes in intracellular BRF1 amounts. tRNAs and 5S rRNA play a crucial role in determining protein synthesis. Studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of tRNAs and 5S rRNA is closely related to cell growth, proliferation, transformation, and even tumorigenesis. BRF1 is a key factor determining the generation of tRNAs and 5S rRNA. Increasing BRF1 expression enhances cell proliferation and transformation, promoting tumor development. In contrast, repressing BRF1 activity decreases the rates of cell proliferation and transformation, and inhibits tumor growth. High levels of BRF1 are found in the samples of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric carcinoma, lung cancer, prostate carcinoma, and other cancers. It indicates that high levels of BRF1 are closely related to the occurrence of human cancer and may be a common landmark of tumors. But there is discrepancy in the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of BRF1 overexpression in different cancers. In general, high levels of BRF1 in patients suffering from cancer show short survival period and poor prognosis. However, there is one exception, namely breast cancer. Approximate 80% of cases of breast cancer are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and 20% are ER-. The cases with high levels of BRF1 reveal longer survival period and better prognosis after they accepted the hormone treatment by Tamoxifen (Tam), compared to the cases with low level BRF1. It seems like a contradiction. Most of the cases with high levels of BRF1 belong to ER+ status. Tam has been used to treat ER+ cases of breast cancer after diagnosis and surgery. Thus, hormone therapy, such as Tam, is more effective on these patients. This is because, on one hand, that Tam competes with E2 (17β-estradiol) to bind to estrogen receptor α (ERα), but does not dissociate to occupy the receptors, blocking E2 binding to this receptor and inhibiting its biological effects. On other hand, Tam can inhibit the expression of BRF1, leading to a decline of intracellular BRF1 levels. Therefore, the actual levels of BRF1 are lower in the patients with ER+ breast cancer. It appears the prognosis of the high BRF1 expression cases better than that of the low BRF1 expression cases. Myocardial hypertrophy manifests magnification of cardiomyocyte volume rather than number increasing in the postnatal heart. Myocardial hypertrophy is a critical risk factor underlying cardiovascular diseases. No matter how myocardial hypertrophy occur, it will ultimately lead to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. Hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes requires a large amount of protein synthesis to meet its needs of cardiomyocyte growth. Animal models and cell experiments have shown that myocardial hypertrophy stimulates a significant increase in BRF1 expression and transcription of tRNAs and 5S rRNA. Interestingly, elevated levels of BRF1 are found in the myocardium tissues of patients with myocardial hypertrophy. These studies demonstrate that BRF1 indeed plays a critical role in myocardial hypertrophy. In summary, high levels of BRF1 are found in patients suffering from different cancers and myocardial hypertrophy. It implies that BRF1 is a promising biological target of cancer and cardiomyopathy. BRF1 is expected to become a common biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic observation of different human cancers. It is also an important biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy. BRF1 not only holds an important position in the field of basic medical research but also has great prospects for translational medicine. In the present article, we summarize the progress on studies of BRF1 expressions in cancer and cardiomyopathy, proposes future research directions. It is a new research area. Here, we emphasize the significancy of BRF overexpression in the two huge diseases of human, cancer and cardiomyopathy to raise people's attention to this field.

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) refers to the presence of replicable viral DNA in the liver of individuals with negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), while HBV DNA can be detectable or undetectable in the serum, which is a special form of HBV DNA infection. In OBI carriers, the negative HBsAg in blood and the extremely low or fluctuating content of HBV DNA make it difficult in clinical detection. There is a risk for developing into occult cirrhosis and liver cancer, and it increases the potential danger of hepatitis B virus transmission during blood transfusion, hemodialysis and organ transplantation. Therefore, deep study of the pathogenic mechanism of OBI and searching for specific and sensitive detection markers are crucial for more timely and standardized diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This paper reviews the current situation of occult hepatitis B virus infection and the development of laboratory detection techniques in recent years, and discusses more efficient laboratory diagnostic techniques and markers based on its potential pathogenic mechanism.

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) refers to the presence of replicable viral DNA in the liver of individuals with negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), while HBV DNA can be detectable or undetectable in the serum, which is a special form of HBV DNA infection. In OBI carriers, the negative HBsAg in blood and the extremely low or fluctuating content of HBV DNA make it difficult in clinical detection. There is a risk for developing into occult cirrhosis and liver cancer, and it increases the potential danger of hepatitis B virus transmission during blood transfusion, hemodialysis and organ transplantation. Therefore, deep study of the pathogenic mechanism of OBI and searching for specific and sensitive detection markers are crucial for more timely and standardized diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This paper reviews the current situation of occult hepatitis B virus infection and the development of laboratory detection techniques in recent years, and discusses more efficient laboratory diagnostic techniques and markers based on its potential pathogenic mechanism.

ObjectiveTo establish an analytical method for the determination of resorcinol, ferulic acid, phenethylresorcinol and benzoyl peroxide in freckle whitening cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to provide data support for the establishment of cosmetics inspection methods and technical support for the supervision of the cosmetics industry. MethodsThe analytes in samples were extracted by ultrasonic acetonitrile after methanol vortex, and then filtered by centrifugation and microporous filter membrane. Finally, the analytes were separated with a SVEA C4 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% phosphoric acid solution -acetonitrile, and the gradient elution was applied, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The samples were detected by an ultra-violet detector and quantified by external standard method. ResultsResorcinol, ferulic acid, phenylethylresorcinol and benzoyl peroxide showed good linearity in the experimental range with r>0.999. HPLC was used to investigate the positive spiked recoveries of ferulic acid or phenylethylresorcinol with different matrices. The results showed that the recoveries were all in the range of 87.48% to 101.00%, and the relative standard deviations were all in the range of 3.4% to 4.1%. Furthermore, HPLC also examined the blank matrix spiked with the recoveries ranged from 93.26% to 107.66%, with the relative standard deviation of 0.90% to 2.90%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.000 8% to 0.002%. Among the30 batches of standard freckle whitening cosmetics determined, 6 batches of which were detected with phenethylresorcinol and 1 batch with ferulic acid. ConclusionHPLC is a method with rapidity, simplicity, and high sensitivity, which is suitable for the simultaneous determination of resorcinol, ferulic acid, phenethylresorcinol and benzoyl peroxide in commercially available cosmetics.

A rapid quantitative immunochromatographic assay for procalcitonin(PCT)using metal-organic frameworks modified with gold and platinum nanoparticles(MAPs)as labels was established in this work.The detection probe was prepared by conjugating MAPs with anti-PCT monoclonal antibody via an electrostatic adsorption method.Anti-PCT polyclonal antibody and sheep anti-mouse IgG were sprayed onto the nitrocellulose(NC)membrane as the test line and quality control line,respectively,to construct immunochromatographic strip for PCT quantitative detection via signal-amplification-based sandwich immunoassay.The results showed that the MAP-based immunochromatographic test had high sensitivity,high specificity,and good stability.The dynamic range for detection of PCT was 0.61 pg/mL-320 ng/mL,the detection limit was 0.25 pg/mL,and the intra-day and inter-day precision(Relative standard deviation)were less than 15%.The results of real sample analysis showed that a quite low volume of sample was required for detection of PCT in whole blood,which was of great significance for the early diagnosis,monitoring and treatment,and prognosis of inflammation.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objectives:To analyze the safety of coronary artery stent rotational atherectomy due to stent underexpansion,in-stent restenosis,stent deformation,stent damage,and guide wire entrapment. Methods:A total of 19 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery stent rotational atherectomy for the above reasons in 7 large heart centers in China from 2016 to 2022 were collected.Their baseline data,procedure process data,procedural complications,the occurrence of procedure-related adverse events(type 4a myocardial infarction,emergency coronary artery bypass grafting,and all-cause death)during hospitalization and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE,including target vessel revascularization,stroke,all-cause death,and recurrent myocardial infarction)during post-discharge follow-up were retrospectively collected. Results:The mean age of the 19 patients was 70(64,73)years,and 13 patients were males.The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was(56.89±8.76)%.Radial artery approach was used in 13 patients,11 patients used 1 burr during the intervention period,6 patients used 2 burrs,and 2 patients used 3 burrs.The average times of burr passing through the lesion was(7.00±4.23)times.The surgical success rate was 100%,and the immediate lumen acquired area was(1.23±0.78)mm2.Drug-eluting stents were successfully implanted in all patients after spinning.Coronary slow blood flow occurred in 1 case after rotational grinding,which was improved after drug treatment.The burr was entrapmented in 3 cases and successfully pulled out after operation.No coronary artery perforation,coronary artery dissection,coronary artery spasm,emergency thoracotomy,or death occurred during the operation,and no procedure-related adverse events occurred during hospitalization.During 3 to 24 months of follow-up,1 patient underwent target vessel revascularization,and there were no MACE in other patients. Conclusions:Coronary artery stent rotational atherectomy in patients with stent underexpansion,in-stent restenosis,stent deformation,stent damage,and guide wire entrapment,is a feasible option,with a high surgical success rate and satisfactory safety.None of the patients experienced MACE during long-term follow-up.

AIM To study the quassinoids and lignans from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr.and their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The extract was isolated and purified by silica gel,MCI,Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Seven quassinoids were isolated and identified as bruceanic acid E (1),15-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methy1butanoyl)-brucealide (2),bruceine L (3),aglycone of yadanzioside D (4),javanicolide A (5),javanicolide C (6),bruceanic acid A (7).Four lignans were isolated and identified as cleomiscosin A (8),ceplignan (9),threo-guaiacylglycerol 8'-(4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenyl) ether (10),erythro-guaiacylglycerol 8'-(4-hydroxy-methyl-2-methoxyphenyl) ether (11).Compounds 3,8 could inhibit NO release in RAW264.7 cells.CONCLUSION Compounds 9-11 are isolated from Brucea genus for the first time.Compounds 3 and 8 have anti-inflammatory activities.