Purpose: Various clinical practice guidelines recommend at least 12 regional lymph nodes should be removed for resected colon cancer. According to a recent study, the lymph node yield (LNY) in colon cancer surgery in the last 20 years has tended to increase from 14.91 to 21.30. However, it is unclear whether these guidelines adequately reflect recent findings on the number of harvested lymph nodes in colon cancer surgery. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of an LNY of more than 25 on survival in right-sided colon cancer. Methods: We included 285 patients who underwent a right hemicolectomy during the period from January 2010 through December 2015. Patients were divided into two groups (<25 nodes and ≥25 nodes). Primary endpoints included 5-year and 10-year survival including disease-free and overall. Results: We found that survival outcomes of patients with a harvest of ≥25 nodes were not significantly different compared with a <25 group. Large tumor size (5 cm) is significantly associated with poor 5-year and 10-year overall survival. Conclusion Survival outcomes of patients with a harvest of ≥25 nodes were not significantly different compared with the <25 group in stage II colon cancer with no risk.

Great advances have been made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) since the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born in Korea in the year of 1985. However, it deserve to say that the invaluable data from fertility centers may serve as a useful source to find out which factors affect successful IVF outcome and to offer applicable information to infertile patients and fertility clinics. This article intended to report the status of ART in 2009 Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology surveyed. The current survey was performed to assess the status and success rate of ART performed in Korea, between January 1 and December 31, 2009. Reporting forms had been sent out to IVF centers via e-mail, and collected by e-mail as well in 2012. With International Committee Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies recommendation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and non-ICSI cases have been categorized and also IVF-ET cases involving frozen embryo replacement have been surveyed separately. Seventy-four centers have reported the treatment cycles initiated in the year of 2009, and had performed a total of 27,947 cycles of ART treatments. Among a total of 27,947 treatment cycles, IVF and ICSI cases added up to 22,049 (78.9%), with 45.3% IVF without ICSI and 54.7% IVF with ICSI, respectively. Among the IVF and ICSI patients, patients confirmed to have achieved clinical pregnancy was 28.8% per cycle with oocyte retrieval, and 30.9% per cycle with embryo transfer. The most common number of embryos transferred in 2009 is three embryos (40.4%), followed by 2 embryos (28.4%) and a single embryo transferred (13.6%). Among IVF and ICSI cycles that resulted in multiple live births, twin pregnancy rate was 45.3% and triple pregnancy rate was 1.1%. A total of 191 cases of oocyte donation had been performed to result in 25.0% of live birth rate. Meanwhile, a total of 5,619 cases of frozen embryo replacement had been performed with 33.7% of clinical pregnancy rate per cycle with embryo transfer. When comparing with international registry data, clinical pregnancy rate per transfer from fresh IVF cycles including ICSI (34.1%,) was comparable to clinical pregnancy rate per transfer in European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology report was 32.5% though lower than 45.0% for USA data. There was no remarkable difference in status of assisted reproductive technology in Korea between the current report and the data reported in 2008. The age of women trying to get pregnant was reconfirmed to be the most important factor that may have impact on success of ART treatment.
Electronic Mail ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Korea* ; Live Birth ; Oocyte Donation ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Techniques ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Replacement of a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) catheter with inside stents using endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is difficult in patients with angulated or twisted biliary anastomotic stricture after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We evaluated the usefulness and safety of the rendezvous technique for the management of biliary stricture after LDLT. METHODS: Twenty patients with PTBD because of biliary stricture after LDLT with duct-to-duct anastomosis underwent the placement of inside stents using the rendezvous technique. RESULTS: Inside stents were successfully placed in the 20 patients using the rendezvous technique. The median procedure time was 29.6 (range, 7.5-71.8) minutes. The number of inside stents placed was one in 12 patients and two in eight patients. One mild acute pancreatitis and one acute cholangitis occurred, which improved within a few days. Inside stent related sludge or stone was identified in 12 patients during follow-up. Thirteen patients achieved stent-free status for a median of 281 (range, 70-1,351) days after removal of the inside stents. CONCLUSIONS: The rendezvous technique is a useful and safe method for the replacement of PTBD catheter with inside stent in patients with biliary stricture after LDLT with duct-to-duct anastomosis. The rendezvous technique could be recommended to patients with angulated or twisted strictures.
Adult ; Catheters ; Cholangiography ; Cholangitis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dioxolanes ; Drainage ; Fluorocarbons ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Pancreatitis ; Sewage ; Stents

Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease and lots of people in Korea are suffered. There are many efforts to find candidates to suppress liver fibrogenesis and several chemical-induced model or bile duct ligation model have been used to research and develop hepatic fibrogenic suppressor. From the previous study about functional effects of turnip which cultivated in Kangha Island, we got the feasibility which turnip might be able to inhibit heptatic fibrogenesis. TAA is a representative hepatic fibrosis inducer, repeated 7-weeks i.p. injection of it results in hepatic fibrosis. We compared the level of hepatic fibrosis in TAA-turnip group, TAA group, and vehicle control group. Nodules-formed by TAA were observed; they were rarely shown in vehicle control group, observed in most area in TAA group, but only shown in periportal regions in TAA-turnip group. These results were confirmed through Masson's trichrom stain; fibrous structures increased in TAA group (fibrosis score: 4) but significantly decreased in TAA-turnip group (fibrosis score: 2-3). In conclusion, we got the result that turnip water extract has a potency to protect TAA-induced hepatic fibrogenesis but it is necessary further study to find its mechanism.
Bile Ducts ; Brassica napus ; Fibrosis ; Korea ; Ligation ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases ; Water

PURPOSE: The characterization of all recognizable chromosomal rearrangements was dis- turbed by technical limitation of conventional cytogenetic methods. Recently, the strong usefullness of generation of chromosome specific painting probes in identification of marker chromosomes has proven. This study was intended to analyze the chromosomal aberrations in human ovarian cancer cell line, SNU-8, by G-banding and multiple paintings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human ovarian cancer cell line, SNU-8 was cultured and harvested for cytogenetic analysis. Routine karyotyping was performed. For complete analysis of chromosomal aberrations, human chromosome-specific painting probes were constructed from somatic hybrid cells. The origins of the unidentified marker chromosomes were analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with these painting probes. RESULTS: All chromosome alterations were confirmed by the use of multiple chromosome paintings, which also demonstrated a number of additional alterations. SNU-8 had the karyotype 62-69,XXX, + der(1;10)(q10;p10),der(3;18) (q10;p10)X2,-4,+ 5,+ 7,del(9)(q21)X2,-11,-13,-15,-16,der(17;19)(q10;q10) X2, + 20,-22[cp51]. CONCLUSION: The chromosomal aberrations of SNU-8 cell line was effectively analyzed by FISH with these painting probes, and the approach methods of this study can be applied to cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations in the other cancers.
Cell Line* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Chromosome Painting* ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Paint ; Paintings

PURPOSE: Chromosome microdissection has become a very powerful approach to generate chromosome band-specific library and painting probes for physical mapping or cytogenetic analysis. We have constructed here band-specific painting probes for human chromosomes by microdissection and polymerase chain reaction(PCR). METHODS: We pretreated the microdissected fragments with Topoisomerase I(Topo I) which catalyzes the relaxation of supercoiled DNA, and performed two initial rounds of DNA synthesis with T7 DNA polymerase followed by conventional PCR to enable the reliable preparation of fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) probe. RESULTS: It was possible to construct region-specific painting probes for 5q14-q15, 6q23, 16p11.2 and 22q12. The painting probes were successful in determining the corresponding chromosome bands in SNU-484 cell line, IMR-32 cell line. CONCLUSION: These painting probes can be used to detect the related marker chromosomes in congenital malformations and other solid tumors, and the band specific probe pools may be used effectively to analyse the genes.
Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; DNA ; DNA, Superhelical ; Humans ; Microdissection ; Paint* ; Paintings* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Relaxation

In this study, S59158, a gene of GLAST (L-Glutamate/L-Aspartate transporter), was cloned by ordered differential display PCR with developing rat brains. The mRNA expression of this gene in the developing rat brain and the effect of kainic acid (KA), glutamate analogue, on this gene were investigated with in situ hybridization histochemistry. The expression of S59158 was restricted to nervous system and observed from E12 (embryonic day 12), peaked at E20, and gradually decreased to adult level. In embryos, S59158 was prominently expressed in the subventricular zones throughout the brain. After birth, strong expression was observed in the purkinje cell layer of cerebellum and moderate level of expression was observed in the subventricular zone, olfactory bulb, hippocampal formation, and cerebral cortex. In the KA treated rat brains, the expression of S59158 was significantly increased in dentate gyrus, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. From these results, it may be suspected that S59158 is related to the development of the brain and is induced by increased extracellular glutamate level.
Adult ; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG ; Animals ; Brain ; Cerebellum* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; Dentate Gyrus ; Embryonic Structures ; Genes, vif ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Kainic Acid ; Nervous System ; Olfactory Bulb ; Parturition ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger

The analysis of recurring chromosome aberrations has become an integral part of the diagnostic and prognostic workup of many human cancers, and their molecular analyses have facilitated the identification of genes related to the pathogenesis of cancer. Cholangiocarcinoma (CC), a malignant neoplasm of the biliary epithelium, is usually fatal because of the difficulty in early diagnosis and unavailability of effective therapy. Furthermore, little is known about the genetics and biology of CC. Only few reports concerning cytogenetic studies of CC have been published and few cell lines have been established. We recently established CC cell line, designated as PCK1. The purpose of this study is to establish in detail karyotype of PCK1 cell line. The origins of the unidentified marker chromosomes were analyzed by G-banding, cross species color banding (RxFISH), and human chromosome-specific painting. In PCK1 cell line, gains involved chromosomes and chromosome regions, 4, 5, 9, 12, 16, 21, 1q, 7q11-q22, 8q, 12p, 14q11-q22, 15q21-qter, 17p11-qter, and 18p. Losses involved Y, 7q31-qter, 8p, 14q23-qter, 17p12-pter, and 18q. Established PCK1 cell line will be able to use the basic research of cholangiocarcinoma and the abnormal chromo-somes may be the candidate regions for isolation of the genes related to CC.
Biology ; Cell Line* ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Cytogenetics ; Early Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Genetics ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Paint ; Paintings

Mycotic aneurysm of mesenteric artery is an uncommon complication of infective endocarditis. Early diagnosis is important and surgical intervention is often needed for effective treatment of mycotic aneurysm of mesenteric artery because of the high incidence of aneurysmal rupture. We experienced a case of infective endocarditis complicated with mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery in a 54-year old man, who was admitted because of pain on the right lower quadrant of abdomen. Echocardiography showed mitral regurgit-ation and vegetations on the mitral valve and viridans streptococcus was identified from blood cultures. He was successfully treated with ceftriaxone and gentamicin for the initial 2 weeks, then ceftriaxone alone for two weeks more without surgical intervention. To our knowledge, this is the first case of infective endocarditis complicated with superior mesenteric artery aneurysm in Korea.
Abdomen ; Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Infected* ; Ceftriaxone ; Early Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis* ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior* ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve ; Rupture ; Streptococcus

BACKGROUND: Stent thrombosis and late restenosis are still major limitations in the clinical use of coronary stenting. Heparin-coated stent may reduce the incidences of stent thrombosis and restenosis. Heparin-coated stents were compared with control stents in a porcine coronary stent restenosis model in order to evaluate the effects of heparin-coated stent on stent restenosis. METHODS: Heparin was coated on a stent by deposition of an ultra-thin polymeric film containing amine groups by means of plasma polymerization. And then stent was immersed in heparin solution. Stent overdilation injury (stent:artery=1.3:1.0) was performed with bare (Group I, n=4) and heparin-coated (Group II, n=5) MAC stents in porcine coronary arteries. Follow-up quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed at 4 weeks after stenting. The histopathologic assessments (KERN=*)of stented porcine coronary arteries were compared in between 2 groups. RESULTS: 1)Luminal area of stented artery was 7.05+/-1.25 mm2 in Group I and 7.67+/-2.85 mm2 in Group II, which were not different between two Groups. 2)Histopathologic stenosis of Group I was 35.7+/-13.2%, which was higher than 28.6+/-14.7% of Group II (p<0.05). Ratio of neointima/media was 1.16+/-0.52 in Group I and 0.87+/-0.31 in Group II and neointimal area was higher in Group I than in Group II (3.81+/-1.78 mm2 vs. 2.82+/-1.11 mm2, p<0.05 respectively). 3)PCNA (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen) index of GroupI was 10.0+/-2.2%, which was higher than in Group II (6.8+/-4.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Heparin-coated MAC stent may be effective in the inhibition of neointimal proliferation in a porcine stent restenosis model.
Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heparin ; Incidence ; Plasma ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Stents* ; Thrombosis