Objective: To investigate the association between dietary pattern and cognitive performance in local residents aged ≥50 years in Shanghai. Methods: Data were obtained from the second round of Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey in Shanghai. Dietary patterns were surveyed by factor analysis. Cognitive tests were conducted to assess subjects' cognitive performance, including verbal recall, verbal fluency and digit test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and cognition performance. Results: A total of 4 132 subjects with complete dietary and cognitive performance test data were included. Factor analysis was used to obtain three dietary patterns: including plant-based pattern, high animal-food pattern, high salt-oil pattern. After controlling for gender, age, education level and other factors, it was found that plant-based pattern (β=0.26,95%CI: 0.17-0.36) and high animal-food pattern (β=0.18, 95%CI:0.06-0.29) were positively associated with total cognitive test score while high salt-oil pattern (β=-0.28, 95%CI:-0.85--0.07) was negatively associated with verbal fluency test score. Conclusion: A dietary pattern with high intake of plant food and appropriate intake of animal food might be associated with better cognitive function of residents aged ≥50 years.
Aging ; Animals ; China/epidemiology* ; Cognition ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Humans

Aurantii Fructus is a commonly used qi-regulating medicinal herb in China. Both traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern experimental research demonstrate that Aurantii Fructus has dryness effect, the material basis of which remains unclear. In recent years, spectrum-effect relationship has been widely employed in the study of active ingredients in Chinese medicinal herbs, the research ideas and methods of which have been constantly improved. Based on the idea of spectrum-effect study, the ultra-high perfor-mance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) fingerprints of different fractions of Aurantii Fructus extract were established for the identification of total components. Then, the dryness effects of the fractions on normal mice and gastrointestinal motility disorder(GMD) rats were systematically compared. Finally, principal component analysis(PCA), Pearson bivariate correlation analysis and orthogonal partial least squares analysis(OPLS) were integrated to identify the dryness components of Aurantii Fructusextract. The results showed that narirutin, naringin, naringenin, poncirin, oxypeucedanin, and eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside had significant correlations with and contributed to the expression of AQP2 in kidney, AQP3 in colon, and AQP5 in submandibular gland, which were the main dryness components in Aurantii Fructus.
Animals ; Aquaporin 2 ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: To assess the activities of biapenem against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS: Biapenem/clavulanate (BP/CL) was evaluated for in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates, and the H37RV strain. BP/CL activity against the H37Rv strain was assessed in liquid cultures, in macrophages, and in mice.. RESULTS: BP/CL exhibited activity against MDR and XDR Mtb isolates in liquid cultures. BP/CL treatment significantly reduced the number of colony forming units (CFU) of Mtb within macrophages compared with control untreated infected macrophages. Notably, BP/CL synergized in pairwise combinations with protionamide, aminosalicylate, and capreomycin to achieve a fractional inhibitory concentration for each pairing of 0.375 in vitro. In a mouse tuberculosis infection model, the efficacy of a cocktail of levofloxacin + pyrazinamide + protionamide + aminosalicylate against Mtb increased when the cocktail was combined with BP/CL, achieving efficacy similar to that of the positive control treatment (isoniazid + rifampin + pyrazinamide) after 2 months of treatment. CONCLUSION BP/CL may provide a new option to clinically treat MDR tuberculosis.
Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; Thienamycins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; drug therapy

The anhydrite and gypsum are the main sulfate minerals during evaporation of seawater or lake.They record the information about relative hydrogeology and the composition of mother liquor.Boron is diffluent element, and often occurs in all kinds of evaporites.Presently, the boron isotope has been applied widely in mineral deposits forming, geochemistry and palaeoenvironment.However, there is little research about characteristic of boron isotope in anhydrite and gypsum minerals, because of the low content of boron and micro-solubility in water and hydrochloric acid.This study developed a method of extracting and purifying boron in anhydrite and gypsum by phase transformation and ion-exchange.Firstly, the samples were mixed with ammonium hydrogen carbonate to transform the calcium sulfate to calcium carbonate.And diluted hydrochloric acid (1 mol/L) was added to resolve calcium carbonate.The percent conversion was about 85%in the first stage, and up to complete resolution by repeating this process.Secondly, boron specific ion-exchange resin ( Amberlite IRA 743 ) was used to gather the boron ions fully and further refined the samples with more than 1 μg of boron by anionic and cationic resin mixed by Ion Exchange Ⅱ and Dowex 50 W × 8.Finally, according to the modified method by He, the values of boron isotope were determined by TIMS.The boron content is analytically pure gypsum was 3.501 ± 0.128 μg/g ( n=12 , RSD=3.6%) and the average recovery was 100.47%.Besides, the δ11B value of analytically pure gypsum added with NIST SRM 951 was 17.98‰±0.21‰ (n=3, RSD=1.2%).This method has good repeatability and can meet the requirements of boron isotopic measurement of anhydrite and gypsum.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury is the leading cause of delayed recovery of liver function and dysfunction after operation.Some studies have shown that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is activated during ischemia and reperfusion,which plays a protective role on the liver by inhibiting or enhancing the expressions of downstream target proteins.Therefore,PI3K/ Akt signaling has become an important target pathway for preventing and improving hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.This review summarized the research progresses of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the rapid development of medical and tissue engineering has provided more choices for making nerve conduit preparation. OBJECTIVE: To review the application of nerve conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: The first author retrieved the CNKI and PubMed databases to search relevant articles published from 2010 to 2016. The key words were "nerve conduit, peripheral nerve" in Chinese and English, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nerve conduit materials are mainly classified into biotype and non-biotype. Biotype materials mainly include muscle, amniotic membrane, vein and small intestinal submucosal layer. The non-biotype materials include chitosan, collagen, silk fibroin, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyaniline and silicone tubes. Some materials currently have been approved to enter the clinical stage. There are more or less problems in the clinical application of nerve conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. For example, the length of a defect that can be repaired is limited; the mechanical properties and mechanical properties are not exactly matched with nerve regeneration; the degradation rate is inconsistent with the rate of nerve regeneration; and poor biocompatibility exists.

Gefitinib is used as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, most NSCLC patients inevitably develop gefitinib resistance during treatment. In addition to EGFR mutation status, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that miR-124, a tumor suppressor, was significantly down-regulated in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC patients and cell lines compared with gefitinib-sensitive patients and cell lines. In addition, the miR-124 depletion induced gefitinib resistance, and miR-124 overexpression sensitized gefitinib-resistant cells to gefitinib. Mechanistic analysis revealed that miR-124 decreased SNAI2 and STAT3 expression by directly targeting their 3'UTRs and that knocking down SNAI2 or STAT3 partly reversed the gefitinib resistance induced by miR-124 depletion. Our data demonstrate that the miR-124 plays a new critical role in acquired resistance to gefitinib and that the manipulation of miR-124 might provide a therapeutic strategy for reversing acquired gefitinib resistance.
3' Untranslated Regions ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism

Recently, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) has been shown to be an inducible endogenous negative regulator of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway which is relevant in inflammatory response, while its functions in acute liver failure and HBV-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of SOCS3 in the development of mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3)-induced acute liver failure and its expression in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with HBV-ACLF. Inflammation-related gene expression was detected by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The correlation between SOCS3 level and liver injury was studied. Our results showed that the SOCS3 expression was significantly elevated in both the liver tissue and PBMCs from patients with HBV-ACLF compared to mild chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Moreover, a time course study showed that SOCS3 level was increased remarkably in the liver of BALB/cJ mice at 72 h post-infection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were also increased significantly at 72 h post-infection. There was a close correlation between hepatic SOCS3 level and IL-6, and the severity of liver injury defined by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, respectively. These data suggested that SOCS3 may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of MHV-3-induced acute liver failure and HBV-ACLF.
Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Blotting, Western ; End Stage Liver Disease ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; virology ; Liver Failure, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Middle Aged ; Murine hepatitis virus ; physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Severity of Illness Index ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Recently, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) has been shown to be an inducible endogenous negative regulator of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway which is relevant in inflammatory response, while its functions in acute liver failure and HBV-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of SOCS3 in the development of mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3)-induced acute liver failure and its expression in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with HBV-ACLF. Inflammation-related gene expression was detected by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The correlation between SOCS3 level and liver injury was studied. Our results showed that the SOCS3 expression was significantly elevated in both the liver tissue and PBMCs from patients with HBV-ACLF compared to mild chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Moreover, a time course study showed that SOCS3 level was increased remarkably in the liver of BALB/cJ mice at 72 h post-infection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were also increased significantly at 72 h post-infection. There was a close correlation between hepatic SOCS3 level and IL-6, and the severity of liver injury defined by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, respectively. These data suggested that SOCS3 may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of MHV-3-induced acute liver failure and HBV-ACLF.

Although guidelines and formulas have been developed through clinical practice to define infusion rate and volume, over- and under-resuscitation are still common, followed by increasing morbidity and mortality. In order to establish an effective management for early fluid resuscitation, the clinical decision support system (CDSS) has been established. The CDSS, by utilizing information systems coupled with decision support technology, could provide recommendations for the amount of fluid to be infused based on measured biological response. The results showed that patients treated with CDSS had a significantly lower mortality, increased ventilator-free days, and ICU-free days as compared with those treated with traditional fluid management. This article reviews the concepts as well as the result of recent clinical studies of CDSS for burn patients.
Burns ; therapy ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans