Objective: To explore human papillomavirus (HPV) and vaccination related knowledge and vaccination willingness of college students in Guizhou Province and their related factors, so as to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention strategies. Methods: From May to June 2025, by applying convenience sampling method,4 567 college students were selected from 8 universities in Guizhou Province to conduct a questionnaire survey. Awareness of HPV and vaccination related knowledge, vaccination willingness as well as related factors among college students were also analyzed. The t test and Chi square test were used for comparison between groups, and multifactor Logistic regression was employed to analyze the related factors of HPV vaccination willingness among college students. Results: The HPV and vaccine knowledge score of college students in Guizhou Province was ( 10.50 ±2.09), and the score of girls (10.81±1.82) was higher than that of boys (10.19±2.30) ( t=10.09, P <0.01). The HPV vaccination willingness rate of college students was 65.6%, and the rate was higher in girls than in boys (67.1%,64.1%, χ 2=4.75, P <0.05). Multi factor Logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity and HPV testing were related factors that affected college students willingness to vaccinate (minority: OR boy =1.23, OR girl =1.35; previous HPV testing: OR boy =0.56, OR girl =0.59); boys willingness to vaccinate was related to the number of sexual partners ( OR =0.60), family history of cancer ( OR =0.65), and sexual behavior related HPV knowledge scores ( OR =0.89), while girls willingness to vaccinate was related to bisexual sexual orientation ( OR =0.59), previous HIV testing ( OR =0.60), and HPV and vaccine basic knowledge scores ( OR =0.86) (all P <0.05). Conclusions College students in Guizhou Province have higher HPV vaccine related knowledge scores and are more willing to vaccinate, and those above are higher in girls than in boys. Health education content should be optimized based on gender differences, and promote the willingness and behavior of HPV vaccination among college students.

The oocyte， as the origin of life， provides half the chromosomes to the embryo and supplies the proteins， substrates， energy， and other support necessary for embryonic development. It is the decisive factor determining the embryo's developmental potential. Infertility caused by reproductive endocrine diseases targets the oocyte as the final target cell. Improving oocyte quality represents a key and difficult point in the field of modern reproductive medicine. The decline of oocyte quality is related to meiosis abnormalities， DNA damage， mitochondrial dysfunction， oxidative stress， and other mechanisms. For oocyte quality problems， there is no unified international guideline to recommend drugs. Because the drug intervention research on oocytes involves strict clinical ethical restrictions， the current relevant research only stays in the animal and in vitro experimental stage and has not yet been applied to the clinic. Traditional Chinese medicine compound formula has a multi-target and multi-pathway regulation mechanism and is widely used in clinics. More and more research began to pay attention to the potential mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas in improving oocyte quality. Traditional Chinese medicine compound formula has the advantages of multi-target and multi-channel synergy as well as better safety， individualization， and conformity to clinical ethics in improving oocyte quality. This article systematically reviewed the research progress on traditional Chinese medicine compound formula interventions for oocyte quality， aiming to summarize existing findings and provide recommendations to improve oocyte quality and optimize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of female infertility within traditional Chinese medicine.

The oocyte， as the origin of life， provides half the chromosomes to the embryo and supplies the proteins， substrates， energy， and other support necessary for embryonic development. It is the decisive factor determining the embryo's developmental potential. Infertility caused by reproductive endocrine diseases targets the oocyte as the final target cell. Improving oocyte quality represents a key and difficult point in the field of modern reproductive medicine. The decline of oocyte quality is related to meiosis abnormalities， DNA damage， mitochondrial dysfunction， oxidative stress， and other mechanisms. For oocyte quality problems， there is no unified international guideline to recommend drugs. Because the drug intervention research on oocytes involves strict clinical ethical restrictions， the current relevant research only stays in the animal and in vitro experimental stage and has not yet been applied to the clinic. Traditional Chinese medicine compound formula has a multi-target and multi-pathway regulation mechanism and is widely used in clinics. More and more research began to pay attention to the potential mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas in improving oocyte quality. Traditional Chinese medicine compound formula has the advantages of multi-target and multi-channel synergy as well as better safety， individualization， and conformity to clinical ethics in improving oocyte quality. This article systematically reviewed the research progress on traditional Chinese medicine compound formula interventions for oocyte quality， aiming to summarize existing findings and provide recommendations to improve oocyte quality and optimize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of female infertility within traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity, differentiation, and population structure of Aedes albopictus across different geographical regions in Shandong Province, and to explore the relationship between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. Methods Between July and August 2024, ten Ae. albopictus populations were sampled from seven cities in Shandong Province. Genomic DNA was extracted from individual mosquitoes, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COⅠ)gene was amplified using PCR and sequenced. The obtained sequences were verified using BLAST and analyzed with MAFFT, MEGA 11, DnaSP v6.12, Arlequin 3.5, PopART 1.7, STRUCTURE 2.3.4 and the R packages adegenet and vegan to assess genetic diversity and population structure. Results A total of 229 COⅠ sequences(662 bp) was obtained, revealing ten variable sites with no insertions or deletions. The overall base composition showed an AT bias of 67.7%. Haplotype analysis identified 11 haplotypes, with Hap2 being the dominant and most widely distributed haplotype across all populations. Neutrality tests showed significant population expansion only in the Rizhao population. Mantel testing result revealed that geographical distance does not significantly impede gene flow. Overall, genetic differentiation among populations was low, indicating frequent gene flow. When combined with additional samples from Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan and Guangxi, STRUCTURE, UPGMA and DAPC analyses revealed two primary genetic clusters of Ae. albopictus. Conclusions Ae. albopictus populations in Shandong Province exhibit frequent gene flow, low genetic differentiation, and relatively low overall genetic diversity. However, the Rizhao population showed signs of recent expansion, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and targeted control measures in this area.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of Juanbitang hot compress pack combined with intensive rehabilitation training in stroke patients with hemiplegia. MethodsA total of 80 stroke patients with hemiplegia were selected and assigned into a control group （40 cases） and an observation group （40 cases） according to the random number table method. The control group received conventional rehabilitation training and nursing intervention，while the observation group was additionally treated with Juanbitang hot compress pack. The two groups were compared in terms of the neurological function （national institute of health stroke scale score，NIHSS score），muscle strength，motor function （fugl-meyer assessment scale score，FMA score），daily living activity （modified barthel index，MBI），balance ability （berg balance scale score，BBS score），trunk control ability （Sheikh Trunk Control Test score，Sheikh TCT score），and homocysteine （Hcy） level before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment，the observation group had lower NIHSS score and Hcy level than the control group （P<0.05）. The total response rate of the observation group （97.50%） was higher than that of the control group （77.50%）. The scores of upper limb and lower limb FMA，MBI，BBS，and Sheikh TCT in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe application of Juanbitang hot compress pack combined with rehabilitation training can effectively improve the neurological function，muscle strength，motor function，daily living ability，balance ability，and trunk control ability and reduce the Hcy level in stroke patients with hemiplegia，demonstrating enhanced clinical efficacy.

Consciousness, which underpins human perception, cognition, and behavioural responses, has long been a major focus of neuroscience and medicine. Alterations in consciousness occur not only during reversible processes such as sleep and anaesthesia, but also in pathological conditions, including disorders of consciousness (DOC) and brain injury. With recent advances in the synchronized acquisition and analysis of multimodal physiological signals, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG), the dynamic interactions between the heart and brain have become increasingly apparent. A growing body of evidence indicates that heart-brain interactions are closely associated with the maintenance and transition of consciousness states, offering a novel perspective for elucidating their underlying mechanisms and supporting relevant clinical assessments. Current approaches to heart-brain interaction analysis for consciousness-state assessment can be broadly grouped into three categories: ECG-based methods, EEG-based methods, and heart-brain coupling analysis. These approaches characterize heart-brain interactions during changes in consciousness from the complementary perspectives of autonomic regulation, cortical interoceptive processing, and cross-system information transfer, respectively. Nevertheless, this field remains at an early stage. Most studies have focused on a single experimental context or a fixed analytical method, with insufficient systematic consideration of the applicability and limitations of different approaches. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying the emergence and alteration of consciousness remain incompletely understood. Accordingly, this review examines heart-brain interaction methods employed in recent consciousness-state assessment studies in accordance with progressively deeper analytical perspectives, and systematically evaluates the advantages and limitations of these methods across distinct consciousness-related conditions. Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the classical ECG-based indices used to investigate heart-brain interactions. It refers to fluctuations in consecutive interbeat intervals over a specified time period and is regarded as a physiological measure of autonomic nervous system regulation that may indirectly reflect the strength of heart-brain interactions. Depending on the analytical dimension, HRV analysis is commonly divided into time-domain, frequency-domain, and complexity-index analyses. These approaches characterize autonomic activity in terms of temporal fluctuations, the distribution of frequency components, and nonlinear dynamical properties, respectively. Although extensive research supports their physiological interpretation, they cannot characterize directional interactions from the heart to the brain. Among EEG-based methods for heart-brain interaction analysis, EEG activity directly related to cardiac fluctuations has received particular attention. One of the most widely used measures is the heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP). HEP-based approaches are considered to directly reflect the capacity of the cerebral cortex to process cardiac afferent signals and may be especially advantageous for characterizing rapidly changing consciousness levels, such as those observed during sleep. However, they do not comprehensively capture dynamic bidirectional information exchange between the brain and heart and are susceptible to cardiac artefacts, respiration, and variation in preprocessing procedures. Heart-brain coupling analysis quantifies functional associations between ECG and EEG through cross-system interaction measures, thereby assessing dynamic interactions between the heart and brain. It emphasizes information transfer, feedback regulation, and cross-timescale coordination between the two systems, offering a more comprehensive perspective for investigating changes in consciousness during sleep, anaesthesia, and DOC. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms and physiological interpretation of individual computational indices have not yet been fully established, and the robustness of their results and their potential for clinical generalization require further validation. Finally, this review summarizes the commonalities and differences among the three classes of methods across research domains involving different consciousness states. It further argues that heart-brain interaction research requires deeper investigation at both the mechanistic level of consciousness and the level of clinical application. Current challenges and key issues are identified, and future directions and feasible pathways for heart-brain interaction research are discussed, with the aim of providing new perspectives for researchers in related fields.

Background Workers in the cable manufacturing industry are exposed to high-speed machinery and equipment for a long time, coupled with heavy workload, which poses significant risks to their physical health. However, the issue of occupational injuries in this industry has not received enough attention yet. Objective To understand the incidence of occupational injury of workers in cable manufacturing industry and to analyze the influencing factors. Method A basic information questionnaire and an occupational injury questionnaire were developed to investigate the occupational injuries of 1 343 workers in a cable manufacturing enterprise in the past year, and a total of 1 225 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 91.2%. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the causes, injury locations, injury types, and other characteristics of employees’ occupational injuries. Chi-square test was used to analyze the occupational injury status of groups with different demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, lifestyles, and interpersonal relationships. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of occupational injuries. Result The incidence of occupational injuries among workers in a cable manufacturing enterprise in the past year was 8.6%, which mainly happened in male workers (80.0%) and occurred from May to July in summer (45.7%). The main causes were mechanical injuries (32.4%) and object blows (27.6%). The main sources of damage were machinery and equipment (36.2%) as well as raw materials and products (15.2%). The main injuries were located in upper limbs (53.3%) and lower limbs (22.9%). The main types of injuries were fractures (33.3%) and abrasions/contusions/puncture wounds (19.0%). The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant variations in the incidence of occupational injuries by gender, overtime, pre-job training, years of service in current position, alcohol consumption, physical exercise per week, and co-worker relationship (P<0.05). The logistic regression model showed that workers who exercised less than twice a week, did not participate in pre-job training, worked overtime, and had fair/poor/very poor colleague relationship had a higher risk of occupational injury, while women had a lower risk of occupational injury. Conclusion The distribution of occupational injury population is mainly male, and the time distribution is mainly from May to July. Gender, physical exercise, pre-job training, overtime, and colleague relationship are the influencing factors of occupational injuries. We should strengthen pre-job training, arrange work hours reasonably, and create a good working atmosphere to reduce the occurrence of occupational injuries.

Background Social psychological factors have emerged as a key area of research in occupational injury prevention. Occupational stress, a significant component of social psychology, has garnered widespread attention due to its potential impact on occupational injury. Objective To analyze the factors influencing occupational stress among cable manufacturing workers and explore the relationship between occupational stress and occupational injury, and to provide scientific evidence for reducing occupational stress and injury. Methods A questionnaire on basic demographics, occupational injury, and occupational stress (Effort-Reward Imbalance, ERI) was used to investigate 1343 workers in a cable enterprise. Chi-square test was employed to analyze the distribution of occupational stress across different worker characteristics. Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing occupational stress, and a decision tree model was applied to assess the impact of occupational stress on injury risk. Results A total of 1225 valid questionnaires were collected, yielding a response rate of 91.2%. The positive rate of occupational stress was 28.7%, while the incidence of occupational injury in the past year was 8.6%. The results of univariate analysis revealed that workers who had experienced occupational injuries had a higher positive rate of occupational stress compared to those without injuries (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in the distribution of occupational stress by genders, overtime work, shift work, daily working hours, fatigue levels, sleep duration, family relationships, and colleague relationships (P<0.05). The logistic regression results showed that individuals who worked shifts, had fair/poor/very colleague relationships, and frequently worked overtime had a higher risk of occupational stress (P<0.05). The final decision tree model confirmed that occupational stress was a risk factor for occupational injury. Additional factors influencing occupational injury included physical exercise, colleague relationships, pre-job training participation, and gender. Workers who exercised less than twice per week and experienced occupational stress had a significantly higher risk of injury (23.6%) compared to those without occupational stress (10.9%). Conclusion Shift work, colleague relationships, and overtime work are correlated with the positive rate of occupational stress among cable manufacturing workers. Implementing a reasonable work schedule and fostering a positive work environment are recommended. Reducing occupational stress may help lower the risk of occupational injuries in this industry.

Distinct from the complementary inhibition mechanism through binding to the target with three-dimensional conformation of small molecule inhibitors, targeted protein degradation technology takes tremendous advantage of endogenous protein degradation pathway inside cells to degrade plenty of “undruggable” target proteins, which provides a novel route for the treatment of many serious diseases, mainly including proteolysis-targeting chimeras, lysosome-targeting chimeras, autophagy-targeting chimeras, antibody-based proteolysis-targeting chimeras, etc. Unlike proteolysis-targeting chimeras first found in 2001, which rely on ubiquitin-proteasome system to mainly degrade intracellular proteins of interest, lysosome-targeting chimeras identified in 2020, which was act as the fastly developing technology, utilize cellular lysosomal pathway through endocytosis mediated by lysosome-targeting receptor to degrade both extracellular and membrane proteins. As an emerging biomedical technology, nucleic acid-driven lysosome-targeting chimeras utilize nucleic acids as certain components of chimera molecule to replace with ligand to lysosome-targeting receptor or protein of interest, exhibiting broad application prospects and potential clinical value in disease treatment and drug development. This review mainly introduced present progress of nucleic acid-driven lysosome-targeting chimeras technology, including its basic composition, its advantages compared with antibody or glycopeptide-based lysosome-targeting chimeras, and focused on its chief application, in terms of the type of lysosome-targeting receptors. Most research about the development of nucleic acid-driven lysosome-targeting chimeras focused on those which utilized cation-independent mannose-6-phosphonate receptor as the lysosome-targeting receptor. Both mannose-6-phosphonate-modified glycopeptide and nucleic aptamer targeting cation-independent mannose-6-phosphonate receptor, even double-stranded DNA molecule moiety can be taken advantage as the ligand to lysosome-targeting receptor. The same as classical lysosome-targeting chimeras, asialoglycoprotein receptor can also be used for advance of nucleic acid-driven lysosome-targeting chimeras. Another new-found lysosome-targeting receptor, scavenger receptor, can bind dendritic DNA molecules to mediate cellular internalization of complex and lysosomal degradation of target protein, suggesting the successful application of scavenger receptor-mediated nucleic acid-driven lysosome-targeting chimeras. In addition, this review briefly overviewed the history of lysosome-targeting chimeras, including first-generation and second-generation lysosome-targeting chimeras through cation-independent mannose-6-phosphonate receptor-mediated and asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis respectively, so that a clear timeline can be presented for the advance of chimera technique. Meantime, current deficiency and challenge of lysosome-targeting chimeras was also mentioned to give some direction for deep progress of lysosome-targeting chimeras. Finally, according to faulty lysosomal degradation efficiency, more cellular mechanism where lysosome-targeting chimeras perform degradation of protein of interest need to be deeply explored. In view of current progress and direction of nucleic acid-driven lysosome-targeting chimeras, we discussed its current challenges and development direction in the future. Stability of natural nucleic acid molecule and optimized chimera construction have a great influence on the biological function of lysosome-targeting chimeras. Discovery of novel lysosome-targeting receptors and nucleic aptamer with higher affinity to the target will greatly facilitate profound advance of chimera technique. In summary, nucleic acid-driven lysosome-targeting chimeras have many superiorities, such as lower immunogenicity, expedient synthesis of chimera molecules and so on, in contrast to classical lysosome-targeting chimeras, making it more valuable. Also, the chimera technology provides new ideas and methods for biomedical research, drug development and clinical treatment, and can be used more widely through further research and optimization.

A 71-year-old male presented with esophageal cancer and severe aortic valve regurgitation. Treatment strategies for such patients are controversial. Considering the risks of cardiopulmonary bypass and potential esophageal cancer metastasis, we successfully performed transcatheter aortic valve implantation and minimally invasive three-incision thoracolaparoscopy combined with radical resection of esophageal cancer (McKeown) simultaneously in the elderly patient who did not require neoadjuvant treatment. This dual minimally invasive procedure took 6 hours and the patient recovered smoothly without any surgical complications.