Objective: To explore the correlation and lag effects of environmental factors on pediatric respiratory disease visits at hospital, so as to provide scientific basis for disease prediction and optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Data from 503 889 pediatric respiratory disease outpatient and emergency visits a central hospital in Minhang District of Shanghai between 2017 and 2019, along with concurrent meteorological data were collected. A distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) was constructed to explore the specific relationship between pediatric respiratory disease consultations and various environmental factors and to quantify the cumulative lag effects of environmental factors on respiratory disease consultations. Results: Among the environmental factors, temperature, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), inhalable particulate matter (PM 10 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2) were associated with pediatric respiratory disease visits. After adjusting for temperature, PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations did not show significant immediate or lag effects. The relative risk (RR) of pediatric respiratory disease visits increased with rising NO 2 concentrations. When NO 2 concentration ≥55 μg/m 3, significant immediate and lagged effects (lag 3, 5, and 7 days) were observed. The RR values were 1.05, 1.13, 1.17, and 1.21( P <0.05). The RR values showed an inverted “U” shaped relationship with SO 2 concentrations. When SO 2 concentration ≥5 μg/m 3, significant lagged effects (lag 3, 5, and 7 days) were observed. The RR values were 1.03 , 1.03, and 1.04 ( P <0.05). Conclusion High concentrations of NO 2 and SO 2 increase the risk of pediatric respiratory disease visits, with observable lag effects.

Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to a high incidence of surgical interventions and significant disability. Despite its clinical relevance, no targeted pharmacological therapies are currently available. This review aims to explore the underlying mechanisms driving intestinal fibrosis and address unresolved scientific questions, offering insights into potential future therapeutic strategies. We conducted a literature review using data from PubMed up to October 2024, focusing on studies related to IBD and fibrosis. Intestinal fibrosis results from a complex network involving stromal cells, immune cells, epithelial cells, and the gut microbiota. Chronic inflammation, driven by factors such as dysbiosis, epithelial injury, and immune activation, leads to the production of cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. These mediators activate various stromal cell populations, including fibroblasts, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells. The activated stromal cells secrete excessive extracellular matrix components, thereby promoting fibrosis. Additionally, stromal cells influence the immune microenvironment through cytokine production. Future research would focus on elucidating the temporal and spatial relationships between immune cell-driven inflammation and stromal cell-mediated fibrosis. Additionally, investigations are needed to clarify the differentiation origins of excessive extracellular matrix-producing cells, particularly fibroblast activation protein (FAP) + fibroblasts, in the context of intestinal fibrosis. In conclusion, aberrant stromal cell activation, triggered by upstream immune signals, is a key mechanism underlying intestinal fibrosis. Further investigations into immune-stromal cell interactions and stromal cell activation are essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent, alleviate, and potentially reverse fibrosis.
Humans ; Fibrosis/metabolism* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology* ; Animals ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism* ; Intestines/pathology*

Objective:To explore the distribution characteristics and antibiotic resistance of pathogen in children with hematological disorders and cancers complicated with sepsis in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods:The clinical data of children with hematological disorders and cancers complicated with sepsis hospitalized at Shenzhen Children′s Hospital affiliated to China Medical University from January 2016 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into survival group and death group based on the outcome of sepsis on 28 days after diagnosis.Results:A total of 202 sepsis episodes occurred in 176 children were enrolled in this study. Among all, 144 (71.3%) cases of bloodstream infection, 59 (29.2%) cases of pulmonary infection, 21 (10.4%) cases of abdominal infection, 9 (4.5%) cases of soft tissue infection, 9 (4.5%) cases of nervous system infection, and 3 (1.5%) cases of urinary tract infection. A total of 244 pathogenic strains were identified, in which 74 (30.3%) cases were gram-positive bacteria. The top 3 pathogens isolated were Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (21 strains), Staphylococcus aureus (19 strains) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 strains). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 122 (50.0%) strains, in which top 3 were Klebsiella pneumonia (33 strains), Escherichia coli (25 strains), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23 strains). Fungi comprised 48 (19.7%) strains:the top 3 were Candida tropicalis (14 strains), Candida albicans (10 strains), Aspergillus and Pneumocystis jirovecii (7 strains each). The incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly higher in death group compared to survival group[9.0%（6/67）vs. 2.3%（4/177）, χ2＝3.971 ，P＝0.046; 9.0%（6/67）vs. 1.1%（2/177）, χ2＝7.080 ，P＝0.008;16.4%（11/67）vs. 6.8%（12/177）, χ2＝5.288 ，P＝0.021]. The samples of 57 cases were simultaneously detected by both culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Pathogens were detected in 25 cases by both culture and mNGS. In 30 cases, pathogen detection were mNGS positive but culture negative. Two cases showed positive results only with culture. A total of 79 (46.8%) strains were multi-drug resistant bacteria, including 27 (34.2%) strains of gram-positive bacteria and 52 (65.8%) strains of gram-negative bacteria. A total of 174 (86.1%) children with sepsis received empirical anti-infective drugs within 24 hours of fever onset. A total of 124 (61.4%) cases were appropriately covered by the initial empirical antibiotics, while 40 (19.8%) cases were not adequately covered and 10 (5.0%) cases had incomplete coverage. Despite the inclusion of pathogenic in the coverage, resistance to initial antibiotics was observed in 22 (10.9%) cases. Fifty-one patients died. Conclusion:The predominant pathogens responsible for sepsis in PICU with hematological disorders and cancers is gram-negative bacteria, followed by gram-positive bacteria and fungi. In comparison to healthy children with sepsis, there is a higher incidence of fungal infections among hematological disorders and cancers. The proportion of multi-drug resistant bacteria infection is high. Early identification and combination of local etiological distribution and drug resistance, along with the empirical selection of appropriate anti-infection treatment strategies, can greatly enhance survival rate.

To explore the application value of endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis and treatment ofpatients with pancreatic cancer combined with obstructive jaundice.

Objective To analyze the effectiveness and safety of bisphosphonates in the treatment of pa-tients with calcification defense.Methods PubMed,Embase databases,CNKI and Wanfang were searched to collect the case reports and clinical studies of bisphosphonates for calcification defense.Then,the relevant infor-mation of patients was extracted for statistical analysis.Results A total of 18 case reports were selected involving 20 patients.Thirteen patients(65.0％)were treated with pamidronate,four(20.0％)were treated with etidr-onate,two(10.0％)were treated with alendronate,and one(5.0％)was treated with zoledronic acid.Thirteen patients(65.0％)recovered completely,the recovery time of whom ranged from half month to nine months.The tolerance of bisphosphonates in most patients(90.0％)was good,while one patient who did not tolerate pamidr-onate recovered after the frequency of administration was adjusted and one patient with high dosage of etidronate returned to normal after the discontinuation of the usage.Conclusions Bisphosphonates,an inhibitor of bone resorption,is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with calcification defense.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the development and current status of medication education in domestic medical institutions， aiming to provide reference and suggestions for better development of medication education. METHODS The online questionnaire survey was conducted in March 2023 to investigate the implementation of medication education in medical institutions at all levels nationwide； descriptive analysis and influencing factors analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 1 368 questionnaires were recycled， 1 304 of which were effective questionnaires， with the effective rate of 95.32%. The average rate of providing medication education was 73.62% in medical institutions nationwide， 76.05%， 67.68% and 73.76% respectively in Eastern， Central and Western regions， 87.11%， 60.57% and 46.32% respectively in tertiary， secondary and primary medical institutions. The commonest place and way of carrying out medication education were dispensing window and oral instructions， and both were more diverse in tertiary medical institutions， compared with second and primary medical institutions. The median annual service volume of medication education in medical institutions PUMCH-A- at all levels was 500 people； the higher the level of medical institutions， the larger the annual service volume of medication education （P＝0.023）. More than half of medical institutions didn’t have any form of compensation for medication education， which was mostly reflected in the workload of medical institutions with compensation. Grade of medical institutions， degree of information and automation were the major influencing factors of carrying out medication education. CONCLUSIONS The ratio of carrying out medication education is improved in the central region in China in recent years， compared with 2019； while that of primary institutions in all regions is at a low level and should be improved. The place of carrying out medication education should be set according to the characteristics of medical institutions， and medication education forms should be enriched as much as possible. The quantity and quality of medication education talents still need to be improved. Compensation for pharmaceutical care should be continually explored and implemented to prompt high-quality and sustainable development of medication education.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the development and current status of medication education in domestic medical institutions， aiming to provide reference and suggestions for better development of medication education. METHODS The online questionnaire survey was conducted in March 2023 to investigate the implementation of medication education in medical institutions at all levels nationwide； descriptive analysis and influencing factors analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 1 368 questionnaires were recycled， 1 304 of which were effective questionnaires， with the effective rate of 95.32%. The average rate of providing medication education was 73.62% in medical institutions nationwide， 76.05%， 67.68% and 73.76% respectively in Eastern， Central and Western regions， 87.11%， 60.57% and 46.32% respectively in tertiary， secondary and primary medical institutions. The commonest place and way of carrying out medication education were dispensing window and oral instructions， and both were more diverse in tertiary medical institutions， compared with second and primary medical institutions. The median annual service volume of medication education in medical institutions PUMCH-A- at all levels was 500 people； the higher the level of medical institutions， the larger the annual service volume of medication education （P＝0.023）. More than half of medical institutions didn’t have any form of compensation for medication education， which was mostly reflected in the workload of medical institutions with compensation. Grade of medical institutions， degree of information and automation were the major influencing factors of carrying out medication education. CONCLUSIONS The ratio of carrying out medication education is improved in the central region in China in recent years， compared with 2019； while that of primary institutions in all regions is at a low level and should be improved. The place of carrying out medication education should be set according to the characteristics of medical institutions， and medication education forms should be enriched as much as possible. The quantity and quality of medication education talents still need to be improved. Compensation for pharmaceutical care should be continually explored and implemented to prompt high-quality and sustainable development of medication education.

Objective:To develop adjustable peel force tester with peel angle from 0° to 180°,so as to realize the test for the performance of interface adhesion of wearable electronic products under multi angles.Methods:The rotating platform of angle adjustment component was used to realize free adjustment of peel angle from 0° to 180°.A method of peel test procedure based on the peel force tester with full-angle was established,and the comparative experiment between that and tensile testing machine was conducted.The peel tests of various kinds of wearable electronic products were conducted under peel angle of 45°,90° and 180°.Results:The test results of the peel force tester with full-angle were consistent with those of the tensile testing machine,which function opposed reliability.The peel test results of more than 10 wearable electronic products indicated that the peel force tester with full-angle could effectively determinate the performance of interface adhesion.Conclusion:The peel force tester with full-angle can effectively appear the performance of the interface adhesion of wearable electronic products,which provides basis for establishing the standard of peel test of wearable electronic products.

Ceria nanoparticles(CeO2 NPs)have become popular materials in biomedical and industrial fields due to theirpotential applications in anti-oxidation,cancer therapy,photocatalytic degradation of pollutants,sensors,etc.Many methods,including gas phase,solid phase,liquid phase,and the newly proposed green synthesis method,have been reported for the synthesis of CeO2 NPs.Due to the wide application of CeO2 NPs,concerns about their adverse impacts on human health have been raised.This review covers recent studies on the biomedical applications of CeO2 NPs,including their use in the treatment of various diseases(e.g.,Alzheimer's disease,ischemic stroke,retinal damage,chronic inflammation,and cancer).CeO2 NP toxicity is discussed in terms of the different systems of the human body(e.g.,cytotoxicity,genotoxicity,respiratory toxicity,neurotoxicity,and hepatotoxicity).This comprehensive review covers both fundamental discoveries and exploratory progress in CeO2 NP research that may lead to practical developments in the future.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide,with incidence rates rising annually.The treatment of breast cancer has undergone significant transformations,evolving from an initial reliance on a single surgical approach to the incorporation of systemic therapy,and more recently,to subtype-specific therapy.Clinically,breast cancer is classified into luminal,HER2-positive,and triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)based on the expression of hormone receptor(HR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),with corresponding treatments including endocrine therapy,anti-HER2 targeted therapy,and chemotherapy.However,the current subtype-based treatment strategies lack personalization,with approximately 30%of patients still facing resistance and relapse.While the overall survival rate of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer has been steadily increasing,significant survival improvements have not been observed in patients with triple-negative and luminal breast cancer.To overcome the clinical bottleneck of"incomplete classification and imprecise treatment",the concept of"subtype-precise"therapy has emerged.This innovative approach involves further subclassification of existing subtypes to identify specific targets for precision treatment,characterized by broad population coverage and high specificity.Over the past decade,the multidisciplinary team at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center has established a comprehensive molecular portrait of Chinese Breast Cancer Genome Atlas(CBCGA).They deeply analyzed the molecular characteristics of TNBC,leading to the development of a"Fudan subtype"closely related to clinical outcomes:luminal androgen receptor subtype(LAR),which can be targeted with anti-HER2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors;the immunomodulatory subtype(IM),suitable for immunotherapy;basal-like immune-suppressed subtype(BLIS),which can be treated with platinum-based drugs or poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors;and mesenchymal-like subtype(MES),which can be treated with anti-cancer stem cell and anti-angiogenic therapies.The team then extended the concept of"subtype-precise"to luminal breast cancer,the subtype with the largest number,the highest proportion and the risk of recurrence for decades.They divided it into four molecular subtypes and proposing corresponding precision treatment strategies:canonical luminal subtype(SNF1),sensitive to endocrine therapy;immunogenic subtype(SNF2),amenable to immunotherapy;proliferative subtype(SNF3),treatable by CDK4/6 inhibitors;and receptor tyrosine kinase-driven subtype(SNF4),targetable with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.The team is currently conducting phase Ⅲ randomized controlled trials to further validate the"subtype-precise"therapy and promote the"subtype-precise"Fudan experience to enhance overall breast cancer treatment efficacy.Looking forward,the integration of emerging diagnostic tools,such as artificial intelligence,coupled with the continuous update of subtype-specific targets and targeted therapies,is expected to further refine and expand"subtype-precise"therapy.This approach holds great promises for enhancing patient prognosis and leading a new revolution in breast cancer treatment.