Objective:To explore the correlation between serum carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) level and pathological differentiation degree of gastric cancer, and to provide reference for early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and efficacy monitoring of gastric cancer.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 136 patients with gastric cancer admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital from April 2022 to December 2024. According to postoperative pathological diagnosis, patients were divided into well-differentiated group ( n=9), moderately differentiated group ( n=36) and poorly/undifferentiated group ( n=91). Preoperative CA72-4 levels and clinical characteristics of patients were collected to analyze the relationship between differentiation degree and CA72-4 level, and to compare the changes of CA72-4 before and after surgery in gastric cancer patients with different differentiation degrees. Results:The preoperative CA72-4 level in the poorly/undifferentiated group was significantly higher than that in the well-differentiated group and moderately differentiated group (all P<0.001). Preoperative CA72-4 level in gastric cancer patients was weakly negatively correlated with differentiation degree ( R=-0.341). After surgery, the CA72-4 level in the poorly/undifferentiated group decreased significantly compared with that before surgery ( P=0.043), while the changes in the well-differentiated group and moderately differentiated group were not significant. Conclusions:There are significant differences in CA72-4 levels among gastric cancer groups with different differentiation degrees. Preoperative CA72-4, as a tumor marker, is of great significance for early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and postoperative monitoring of gastric cancer. Especially in patients with poorly/undifferentiated gastric cancer, the CA72-4 level is relatively high, which can be used for auxiliary diagnosis and formulation of treatment plans.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) level and pathological differentiation degree of gastric cancer, and to provide reference for early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and efficacy monitoring of gastric cancer.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 136 patients with gastric cancer admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital from April 2022 to December 2024. According to postoperative pathological diagnosis, patients were divided into well-differentiated group ( n=9), moderately differentiated group ( n=36) and poorly/undifferentiated group ( n=91). Preoperative CA72-4 levels and clinical characteristics of patients were collected to analyze the relationship between differentiation degree and CA72-4 level, and to compare the changes of CA72-4 before and after surgery in gastric cancer patients with different differentiation degrees. Results:The preoperative CA72-4 level in the poorly/undifferentiated group was significantly higher than that in the well-differentiated group and moderately differentiated group (all P<0.001). Preoperative CA72-4 level in gastric cancer patients was weakly negatively correlated with differentiation degree ( R=-0.341). After surgery, the CA72-4 level in the poorly/undifferentiated group decreased significantly compared with that before surgery ( P=0.043), while the changes in the well-differentiated group and moderately differentiated group were not significant. Conclusions:There are significant differences in CA72-4 levels among gastric cancer groups with different differentiation degrees. Preoperative CA72-4, as a tumor marker, is of great significance for early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and postoperative monitoring of gastric cancer. Especially in patients with poorly/undifferentiated gastric cancer, the CA72-4 level is relatively high, which can be used for auxiliary diagnosis and formulation of treatment plans.

Background::Hypothermia therapy has been suggested to attenuate myocardial necrosis; however, the clinical implementation as a valid therapeutic strategy has failed, and new approaches are needed to translate into clinical applications. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel selective intracoronary hypothermia (SICH) device in mitigating myocardial reperfusion injury.Methods::This study comprised two phases. The first phase of the SICH was performed in a normal porcine model for 30 minutes ( n = 5) to evaluate its feasibility. The second phase was conducted in a porcine myocardial infarction (MI) model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion which was performed by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 minutes and maintained for 42 days. Pigs in the hypothermia group ( n = 8) received hypothermia intervention onset reperfusion for 30 minutes and controls ( n = 8) received no intervention. All animals were followed for 42 days. Cardiac magnetic resonance analysis (five and 42 days post-MI) and a series of biomarkers/histological studies were performed. Results::The average time to lower temperatures to a steady state was 4.8 ± 0.8 s. SICH had no impact on blood pressure or heart rate and was safely performed without complications by using a 3.9 F catheter. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were lower at 60 min post perfusion in pigs that underwent SICH as compared with the control group. On day 5 post MI/R, edema, intramyocardial hemorrhage, and microvascular obstruction were reduced in the hypothermia group. On day 42 post MI/R, the infarct size, IL-6, CRP, BNP, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were reduced, and the ejection fraction was improved in pigs that underwent SICH.Conclusions::The SICH device safely and effectively reduced the infarct size and improved heart function in a pig model of MI/R. These beneficial effects indicate the clinical potential of SICH for treatment of myocardial reperfusion injury.

Objective:To explore the anatomical parameters of the ideal trajectory for pedicle screw fixation through the lamina in the treatment of L 5 spondylolysis. Methods:CT data from 40 male patients with bilateral L 5 spondylolysis (age, 24.95±4.01 years; range, 20-36 years), treated at the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force between January 2021 and June 2024, were analyzed. Three-dimensional vertebral models were reconstructed using this data. Measurements included the lumbosacral angle, the thickness at the midpoint of the superior and inferior lamina edges, mid-lamina thickness, the distance from the lateral edge of the lamina to the spinous process midline, the thickness at the defect of the pars interarticularis, and the vertical diameter of the defect. The screws were inserted from the inferior edge of the lamina, passing through the pars interarticularis defect, and exiting at the superior edge of the pedicle. In the vertical direction of the lamina, the inferior and superior edges of the lamina were divided into three zones, named A, B, C (for the inferior lamina edge) and 1, 2, 3 (for the superior pedicle edge). Seven trajectories (A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C2, and C3) were designed by combining these zones. Screws with diameters of 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, and 3.5 mm were sequentially inserted along each trajectory. Screw trajectories with an insertion success rate ≥95% were selected and evaluated for feasibility. Parameters such as screw length, medial inclination angle, caudal inclination angle, and entry point position were measured. The ideal trajectory and screw dimensions were determined by considering anatomical features, screw characteristics, and insertion safety. Results:The measurement results from the 3D model showed that the lumbosacral angle was 36.22°±5.23°, and the midpoint thickness of the superior lamina edge was 4.14±0.66 mm (left) and 4.18±0.65 mm (right), the mid-lamina thickness was 6.73±0.72 mm (left) and 6.72±0.70 mm (right), the midpoint thickness of the inferior lamina edge was 6.50±0.56 mm (left) and 6.50±0.66 mm (right), the distance from the lateral edge of the lamina to the spinous process midline was 25.95±2.86 mm (left) and 26.39±3.10 mm (right), the thickness at the pars defect was 9.67±0.57 mm (left) and 9.67±0.51 mm (right), and the vertical diameter of the pars defect was 18.76±2.16 mm (left) and 19.26±2.03 mm (right). No statistically significant differences were found between the left and right sides for these parameters ( P>0.05). The trajectories considered feasible and with an insertion success rate ≥95% were B2, B3, C2, and C3. Safe screw diameters were B2 (4.5 mm), B3 (4.0 mm), C2 (4.0 mm), and C3 (3.5 mm). Corresponding screw lengths were B2 (38.28±2.34 mm), B3 (37.03±2.99 mm), C2 (38.37±2.42 mm), and C3 (36.88±2.87 mm). The caudal inclination angles were B2 (52.73°±5.29°), B3 (55.06°± 4.46°), C2 (49.09°±3.92°), and C3 (50.18°±4.36°). The medial inclination angles were B2 (21.21°±3.01°), B3 (5.11°±1.58°), C2 (22.55°±2.46°), and C3 (12.59°±1.80°). The distances from the entry point to the spinous process midline were B2 (13.23±1.68 mm), B3 (13.15±1.46 mm), C2 (11.12±0.64 mm), and C3 (11.09±0.65 mm). The distances from the entry point to the root of the spinous process were B2 (8.23±1.46 mm), B3 (8.21±1.31 mm), C2 (6.65 ±0.76 mm), and C3 (6.67±0.72 mm). Differences in screw length, caudal inclination angle, medial inclination angle, and entry point position across trajectories were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The ideal screw trajectory for L 5 spondylolysis involves insertion through the midpoint of the entry zone, passing through the pars defect, and exiting at the midpoint of the superior edge of the pedicle. The optimal entry point is located on the inferior edge of the lamina, 8.23±1.46 mm from the root of the spinous process and 13.23±1.68 mm from the spinous process midline. The screw should be placed at a caudal inclination angle of 52.73°±5.29° and a medial inclination angle of 21.21°±3.01°. The recommended screw length is 38.28±2.34 mm, with a diameter of 4.5 mm (range, 4.5-5.0 mm).

Objective:To explore the anatomical parameters of the ideal trajectory for pedicle screw fixation through the lamina in the treatment of L 5 spondylolysis. Methods:CT data from 40 male patients with bilateral L 5 spondylolysis (age, 24.95±4.01 years; range, 20-36 years), treated at the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force between January 2021 and June 2024, were analyzed. Three-dimensional vertebral models were reconstructed using this data. Measurements included the lumbosacral angle, the thickness at the midpoint of the superior and inferior lamina edges, mid-lamina thickness, the distance from the lateral edge of the lamina to the spinous process midline, the thickness at the defect of the pars interarticularis, and the vertical diameter of the defect. The screws were inserted from the inferior edge of the lamina, passing through the pars interarticularis defect, and exiting at the superior edge of the pedicle. In the vertical direction of the lamina, the inferior and superior edges of the lamina were divided into three zones, named A, B, C (for the inferior lamina edge) and 1, 2, 3 (for the superior pedicle edge). Seven trajectories (A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C2, and C3) were designed by combining these zones. Screws with diameters of 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, and 3.5 mm were sequentially inserted along each trajectory. Screw trajectories with an insertion success rate ≥95% were selected and evaluated for feasibility. Parameters such as screw length, medial inclination angle, caudal inclination angle, and entry point position were measured. The ideal trajectory and screw dimensions were determined by considering anatomical features, screw characteristics, and insertion safety. Results:The measurement results from the 3D model showed that the lumbosacral angle was 36.22°±5.23°, and the midpoint thickness of the superior lamina edge was 4.14±0.66 mm (left) and 4.18±0.65 mm (right), the mid-lamina thickness was 6.73±0.72 mm (left) and 6.72±0.70 mm (right), the midpoint thickness of the inferior lamina edge was 6.50±0.56 mm (left) and 6.50±0.66 mm (right), the distance from the lateral edge of the lamina to the spinous process midline was 25.95±2.86 mm (left) and 26.39±3.10 mm (right), the thickness at the pars defect was 9.67±0.57 mm (left) and 9.67±0.51 mm (right), and the vertical diameter of the pars defect was 18.76±2.16 mm (left) and 19.26±2.03 mm (right). No statistically significant differences were found between the left and right sides for these parameters ( P>0.05). The trajectories considered feasible and with an insertion success rate ≥95% were B2, B3, C2, and C3. Safe screw diameters were B2 (4.5 mm), B3 (4.0 mm), C2 (4.0 mm), and C3 (3.5 mm). Corresponding screw lengths were B2 (38.28±2.34 mm), B3 (37.03±2.99 mm), C2 (38.37±2.42 mm), and C3 (36.88±2.87 mm). The caudal inclination angles were B2 (52.73°±5.29°), B3 (55.06°± 4.46°), C2 (49.09°±3.92°), and C3 (50.18°±4.36°). The medial inclination angles were B2 (21.21°±3.01°), B3 (5.11°±1.58°), C2 (22.55°±2.46°), and C3 (12.59°±1.80°). The distances from the entry point to the spinous process midline were B2 (13.23±1.68 mm), B3 (13.15±1.46 mm), C2 (11.12±0.64 mm), and C3 (11.09±0.65 mm). The distances from the entry point to the root of the spinous process were B2 (8.23±1.46 mm), B3 (8.21±1.31 mm), C2 (6.65 ±0.76 mm), and C3 (6.67±0.72 mm). Differences in screw length, caudal inclination angle, medial inclination angle, and entry point position across trajectories were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The ideal screw trajectory for L 5 spondylolysis involves insertion through the midpoint of the entry zone, passing through the pars defect, and exiting at the midpoint of the superior edge of the pedicle. The optimal entry point is located on the inferior edge of the lamina, 8.23±1.46 mm from the root of the spinous process and 13.23±1.68 mm from the spinous process midline. The screw should be placed at a caudal inclination angle of 52.73°±5.29° and a medial inclination angle of 21.21°±3.01°. The recommended screw length is 38.28±2.34 mm, with a diameter of 4.5 mm (range, 4.5-5.0 mm).

Objective:To design an improved lamina hook system and compare its biomechanical properties with traditional lamina hook system in fixation of lumbar spondylolysis.Methods:The thin layer CT data of the lumbosacral vertebrae of 20 healthy young male servicemen who underwent physical examination in the outpatient department of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2021 to August 2022 were collected. The age of the subjects was 20-30 years [(25.0±3.0)years]. A 3-dimensional model of the L 5 vertebral body was constructed using the 3-dimensional modeling software. The new improved lamina hook was designed according to the measurements including the thickness of the middle area, the longest longitudinal diameter, the curvature radius of the lower edge, the angle between the upper and lower tail ends, the thickness of the lower edge, and the longest diameter of the lower edge of the bilateral L 5 vertebral plates. One serviceman was selected from the aforementioned group to construct a linear finite element model of segments L 4-S using the 3-dimensional virtual software (normal model, model A), based on which, the L 5 bilateral spondylolysis model (model B), improved lamina hook model (model C) and traditional lamina hook models (model D) were designed. By constraining both sides of the sacrum and applying a longitudinal load of 400 N on the L 4 vertebral body, the upper 1/3 gravity of the body was simulated, and with a bending moment of 10 N·m along the X, Y, and Z directions, motions of forward flexion, backward extension, lateral bending, rotation, etc were simulated. The range of motion of segment L 4/5 and L 5/S 1 of model A was evaluated and compared with the findings of the previous researches to verify its effectiveness. The overall range of motion of models A, B, C, and D, the range of motion of segment L 4/5 and L 5/S 1, the maximum overall displacement, the maximum displacement and stress of the isthmus, the stress distribution and maximum stress of internal fixation of models C and D, and the stress distribution and maximum stress of the vertebral body of models C and D were compared. Results:(1) During forward flexion, backward extension, lateral bending and rotation, the range of motion of model A was 5.01°, 4.03°, 3.91° and 1.42° in segment L 4/5, and was 4.62°, 2.51°, 2.40° and 1.23° in segment L 5/S 1. (2) The overall range of motion, range of motion of segment L 4/5 and L 5/S 1 and maximum overall displacement of models A, C, and D were similar in axial compression, forward flexion, backward extension, left bending, and left rotation, while those of model B were significantly increased. (3) There was no significant difference in the maximum displacement of the isthmus of models A, C, and D under different motion modes, while the maximum displacement of model B in the isthmus was significantly larger than that of models A, C, and D, especially during rotation, increased by 295%, 277%, and 276% respectively. The maximum stress of the isthmus of model C was 0.938 MPa, 1.698 MPa, 0.410 MPa, 2.775 MPa, and 1.554 MPa respectively. The maximum stress in the isthmus of model D was 0.590 MPa, 1.297 MPa, 0.520 MPa, 3.088 MPa, and 2.072 MPa respectively. The maximum stress of the isthmus of models C and D was similar during axial compression and forward flexion, while the stress of the isthmus of model C was smaller than that of model D during backward extension, lateral bending, and rotation, decreased by 21.1%, 10.2%, and 25.0% respectively compared with model D. (4) The maximum stress of internal fixation in models C and D during forward flexion, backward extension, left bending, and left rotation was 135.220 MPa, 130.180 MPa, 200.940 MPa and 306.340 MPa respectively, and was 131.840 MPa, 112.280 MPa, 349.980 MPa and 370.140 MPa respectively. The maximum stress of internal fixation in the two models of internal fixation during forward flexion and backward extension was similar, while it was decreased by 42.6% and 17.2% in model C during left bending and left rotation, compared with model D. (5) The maximum stress of the vertebral body during forward flexion, backward extension, left bending, and left rotation was 79.787 MPa, 36.857 MPa, 37.943 MPa and 96.965 MPa respectively in model C, but was 80.104 MPa, 64.236 MPa, 196.010 MPa and 193.020 MPa respectively in model D. The maximum stress of models C and D was all distributed in the contact area with the internal fixation, and especially during backward extension, left bending, and left rotation, when it was reduced by 42.6%, 80.6%, and 49.8% of model C respectively, compared with that of model D. Conclusions:The improved laminar hook is more consistent with the Chinese anatomized structure of the lamina. Compared with the traditional lamina hook system, the improved lamina hook system can effectively reduce the displacement in all directions and range of motion of lumbar spondylolysis, therefor can significantly reduce the stress of internal fixation and vertebral body and has better biomechanical performance.

Objective:To explore classification models for radiosensitive lipid metabolites in human peripheral blood by combining lipidomics with multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms.Methods:Totally 97 peripheral blood samples were collected from 25 leukemia cases admitted to a general hospital in Beijing from March to September 2023 who were ready to undergo bone marrow transplantation, including 0 Gy blood samples before irradiation in the control group ( n=24), and 73 blood samples after irradiation at doses of 4, 8 and 12 Gy in the radiation group ( n=73), and the targeted lipidomic based on the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) platform method to analyze the differences of different lipids between control and radiation groups. Then, lipids responsive to radiation doses of 0-12 Gy were identified using linear regression. Finally, classification models were constructed using five ML algorithms based on the training set, followed by the validation and evaluation of these models using the validation set. Results:Compared with the control group, the differences in the concentration changes of 62 lipids in 9 classes of lipid metabolites sensitive to radiation group were statistically significant ( t=-4.91 to 4.74, P<0.05), including sphingomyelins(SMs), cholesteryl esters(CEs), ceramides(Cers), phosphatidylinositols(PIs), hexosylceramides(HexCers), lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), phosphatidylcholines (PCOs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LysoPEs). Twenty lipids responsive to radiation doses of 0-12 Gy were identified, namely 11 SMs, 7 CEs, 1 Cer, and 1 PI. The five models based on ML algorithms of decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), light gradient boosting machine (Light GBM), random forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) all exhibited high goodness of fit (F1=0.69-1.00) and high sensitivity. The evaluation and validation metrics revealed that the RF-based model yielded the optimal radiation classification discrimination (sensitivity: 1.00; accuracy: 0.72; F1 score: 0.80). Conclusions:Lipid metabolites responsive to radiation and lipids responsive to radiation dose in human samples were identified using targeted lipidomics. The RF-based model can provide new ideas for exploring models of human radiosensitive lipid metabolites.

Lumbar spondylolysis is one of the common diseases of low back pain caused by spinal surgery. Its treatment options vary depending on different conditions, from early conservative ones to late surgical ones. There are still disputes over various conservative treatments, choice of surgical methods and the biomechanics of different internal fixation techniques to repair spondylolysis. Therefore, this review summarizes the clinical outcomes of previous clinical treatments of lumbar spondylolysis and the biomechanical characteristics of various techniques to find the mechanical and evidence-based clinical data that may facilitate the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis.

Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy* ; Interleukin-6/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVES: This research was performed to explore the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in ischemia and hypoxia environments. METHODS: The cell viability of BMSCs incubated under hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) conditions with or without pretreatment with MIF or triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) analysis. Plasmids containing long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) or β-catenin small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to overexpress or downregulate the corresponding gene, and the p53 signaling pathway was activated by pretreatment with TGIC. The influences of MIF, overexpression of lncRNA MEG3, activation of the p53 signaling pathway, and silencing of β-catenin on H/I-induced apoptosis of BMSCs were revealed by western blotting, flow cytometry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. RESULTS: From the results of CCK-8 assay, western blotting, and flow cytometry, pretreatment with MIF significantly decreased the H/I-induced apoptosis of BMSCs. This effect was inhibited when lncRNA MEG3 was overexpressed by plasmids containing MEG3. The p53 signaling pathway was activated by TGIC, and β-catenin was silenced by siRNA. From western blot results, the expression levels of β-catenin in the nucleus and phosphorylated p53 (p-p53) were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, when the lncRNA MEG3 was overexpressed. Through flow cytometry, MIF was also shown to significantly alleviate the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of BMSCs caused by H/I. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we conclude that MIF protected BMSCs from H/I-induced apoptosis by downregulating the lncRNA MEG3/p53 signaling pathway, activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and decreasing ROS levels.
Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism* ; beta Catenin/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Sincalide/metabolism* ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics* ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism* ; Hypoxia/metabolism* ; Ischemia ; Bone Marrow Cells