OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest research progress of graphene and its derivatives (GDs) in bone repair. METHODS: The relevant research literature at home and abroad in recent years was extensively accessed. The properties of GDs in bone repair materials, including mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and antibacterial properties, were systematically summarized, and the unique advantages of GDs in material preparation, functionalization, and application, as well as the contributions and challenges to bone tissue engineering, were discussed. RESULTS: The application of GDs in bone repair materials has broad prospects, and the functionalization and modification technology effectively improve the osteogenic activity and material properties of GDs. GDs can induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through specific signaling pathways and promote osteogenic activity through immunomodulatory mechanisms. In addition, the parameters of GDs have significant effects on the cytotoxicity and degradation behavior. CONCLUSION GDs has great potential in the field of bone repair because of its excellent physical and chemical properties and biological properties. However, the cytotoxicity, biodegradability, and functionalization strategies of GDs still need to be further studied in order to achieve a wider application in the field of bone tissue engineering.
Graphite/pharmacology* ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Humans ; Osteogenesis/drug effects* ; Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology* ; Bone Regeneration ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry* ; Cell Differentiation ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Substitutes/chemistry* ; Animals

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation equipment is a kind of characteristic therapeutic devices developed on the basis of the integration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and modern science and technology, which is widely used in clinical practice. Significant breakthroughs have been made in the development of related devices such as transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) devices, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) devices, and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) devices in recent years. Although the market for these devices is vast, there are still limitations that need to be optimized in terms of electrode materials and power supply methods, bulky instrument size, cumbersome wiring, restricted applications, and inadequate intelligent functionality. In the future, it is still necessary to further build upon the theoretical foundation of TCM acupuncture, integrate a variety of modern scientific technologies to advance the intelligence and modernization of acupuncture equipment, and thereby improving its capabilities to support clinical practice and research.
Humans ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methods* ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy/instrumentation* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the research status of fire needle by analyzing its patent applications, so as to provide reference for the development of fire needle equipment and the promotion of this therapy. METHODS: By searching the incoPat global patent database, from its inception to December 29th, 2024, the patent data on fire needle was collected. The patent analysis was employed on patent application trends, geographical distribution, patent types, current legal status, applicants and inventors, overall technical composition and distribution of applicable diseases. With the help of incoPat's "shared value" evaluation model, the technical efficacy value of patent was comprehensively measured from 3 dimensions, i.e. technical stability, technological advancement and protection scope. Using SWOT analysis, the matrix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of fire needle technique was constructed, and then its development trend was analyzed systematically. RESULTS: A total of 346 patents were included, comprising 23 granted invention patents (6.65%), 219 utility model patents (63.29%), and 157 patents were in an effective state of validity (45.38%). The number of fire needle patent applications showed a growing trend since 2013 and peaked in 2021. The top 3 provinces and cities in terms of the number of applications were Guangdong, Beijing and Shandong. Existing patents focus on improving convenience, reducing complexity, enhancing safety and increasing efficiency; and are specialized in treatment of dermatological diseases. The results of patent research on fire needle show the application of updated materials, invention of equipment and expansion of applicable diseases. However, there are still some limitations such as technical complexity, high cost, lack of composite talents, lack of awareness of patent maintenance and insufficient international promotion. CONCLUSION Multiple strategies are proposed on the development of fire needle therapy, i.e. enhancing financial support and expanding the number of diseases, giving full play to regional characteristics and advantages to promote resource sharing, deepening the integration of industry, research and education to improve the quality of patents, strengthening supervision to reduce low-quality patents, and carrying out high-level research to promote technical standardization and internationalization, and enhance global competitiveness.
Patents as Topic ; Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Needles ; China

Objective:To identify the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage(PPH)in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and to develop and validate a predictive model.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on GDM patients who delivered at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between Janu-ary 2021 and December 2023.A total of 137 GDM patients with PPH were included in the case group,and 190 GDM patients without PPH were included in the control group.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regres-sion analysis were used to identify independent risk factors for PPH in GDM patients.Anomogram prediction mod-el was subsequently constructed.The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by the Hosmer-Leme-show goodness-of-fit test,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,Bootstrap resampling method,and deci-sion curve analysis(DCA).Results:Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups in multiple factors(P<0.05),including age≥35 years,pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/m2,suboptimal glycemic control,assisted reproduction,gestational anemia,polyhydramnios,macrosomia,acute chorioamnionitis,gestational hypertension,prenatal fasting blood glucose(FBG),prenatal glycosylated he-moglobin(HbA1c),fibrinogen(FIB),postpartum blood loss,dystocia,neonatal admission to ICU,neonatal Apgar score at 1 minute,and Apgar score at 5 minutes.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age≥35 years,pre-pregnancy BMI≥24 kg/m2,suboptimal glycemic control,gestational anemia,macrosomia,polyhydram-nios,and elevated prenatal HbA1c levels were independent risk factors for PPH(OR>1,P<0.05),while elevat-ed FIB levels were identified as a protective factor for PPH(OR<1,P<0.05).The nomogram demonstrated good calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow test:χ2=6.367,DF=8,P=0.606).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.821(95%CI 0.774-0.868),with a sensitivity of 71.5%and a specificity of 83.7%,indicating good discrimi-native ability of the model.Internal validation using the Bootstrap resampling method showed a C-index of 0.821,suggesting good consistency and predictive accuracy.DCA curve further confirmed that the model had favorable clinical application value.Conclusions:age≥35 years,pre-pregnancy BMI≥24 kg/m2,suboptimal glycemic con-trol,gestational anemia,macrosomia,polyhydramnios,and elevated prenatal HbA1c levels are independent risk factors for PPH in GDM patients,while elevated FIB levels are identified as an independent protective factor.The constructed prediction model for PPH in GDM patients exhibits good discriminative ability,calibration,and predic-tive performance,demonstrating high clinical application value.

Objective:To identify the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage(PPH)in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and to develop and validate a predictive model.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on GDM patients who delivered at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between Janu-ary 2021 and December 2023.A total of 137 GDM patients with PPH were included in the case group,and 190 GDM patients without PPH were included in the control group.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regres-sion analysis were used to identify independent risk factors for PPH in GDM patients.Anomogram prediction mod-el was subsequently constructed.The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by the Hosmer-Leme-show goodness-of-fit test,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,Bootstrap resampling method,and deci-sion curve analysis(DCA).Results:Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups in multiple factors(P<0.05),including age≥35 years,pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/m2,suboptimal glycemic control,assisted reproduction,gestational anemia,polyhydramnios,macrosomia,acute chorioamnionitis,gestational hypertension,prenatal fasting blood glucose(FBG),prenatal glycosylated he-moglobin(HbA1c),fibrinogen(FIB),postpartum blood loss,dystocia,neonatal admission to ICU,neonatal Apgar score at 1 minute,and Apgar score at 5 minutes.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age≥35 years,pre-pregnancy BMI≥24 kg/m2,suboptimal glycemic control,gestational anemia,macrosomia,polyhydram-nios,and elevated prenatal HbA1c levels were independent risk factors for PPH(OR>1,P<0.05),while elevat-ed FIB levels were identified as a protective factor for PPH(OR<1,P<0.05).The nomogram demonstrated good calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow test:χ2=6.367,DF=8,P=0.606).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.821(95%CI 0.774-0.868),with a sensitivity of 71.5%and a specificity of 83.7%,indicating good discrimi-native ability of the model.Internal validation using the Bootstrap resampling method showed a C-index of 0.821,suggesting good consistency and predictive accuracy.DCA curve further confirmed that the model had favorable clinical application value.Conclusions:age≥35 years,pre-pregnancy BMI≥24 kg/m2,suboptimal glycemic con-trol,gestational anemia,macrosomia,polyhydramnios,and elevated prenatal HbA1c levels are independent risk factors for PPH in GDM patients,while elevated FIB levels are identified as an independent protective factor.The constructed prediction model for PPH in GDM patients exhibits good discriminative ability,calibration,and predic-tive performance,demonstrating high clinical application value.

Stroke flaccid paralysis is stroke patients with abnormal physical movement function and muscle tone decline as the main performance and is a kind of common pathological state after apoplectic stroke. The longer the flaccid paralysis is, the worse the prognosis. The theory of TCM holds that stroke is mainly due to "deficiency, wind, fire, phlegm, stasis, qi", and when the pathogenic factor accumulate and block the meridians, which would cause blood stagnation, muscle and tendon damage and flaccidity, resulting in stroke paralysis. Therefore, it is necessary to set up the "Tongjing Roujin" (stimulating the muscle and nourishing the tendon) as its main treatment. Fire-needling has the effect of stimulating muscle, warming yang, nourishing tendon, and relieving pain in the treatment of stroke flaccid paralysis. It can warm yang and dissipate cold, replenish and nourish meridian qi, release muscle nodules, promote the circulation of qi and blood, and nourish all limbs and bones. Fire-needling therapy can promote the recovery of neural pathway, strengthen local metabolism, improve local muscle tension, and thus restore limb function. The high-quality clinical research, acupoint selection rules, and standardized operating techniques of fire-needling treatment for stroke flaccid paralysis need to be further deepened.

Objective: To investigate condom use and associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into instructing the correct use of condoms and controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, sexual behaviors during recent 6 months and condom use of HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Fuyang District from May to December, 2022. Descriptive analysis was employed on the proportion of participants who insisted on using condoms at each sexual contact, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting condom use at each sexual contact. Results: Totally 111 HIV/AIDS patients who received ART and had sexual contacts during recent 6 months were investigated, with a median age of 43.00 (interquartile range, 19.00) years. There were 82 males (73.87%), 63 married cases (56.76%), 52 cases with homosexual behaviors (46.85%), 110 cases insisting on using condom after ART (99.10%), 101 cases insisting on using condoms at each sexual contact (90.99%). Among 93 patients being aware of HIV infection status of all sexual partners, 93.55% of the patients insisted on using condoms at each sexual contact. Among 105 patients without sexually transmitted diseases (STD) diagnosis and treatment, 94.29% of the patients insisted on using condoms at each sexual contact. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified aware of HIV infection status of sexual partners (OR=0.046, 95%CI: 0.004-0.560), no STD diagnosis and treatment (OR=0.060, 95%CI: 0.004-0.890) as promoting factors for condom use at each sexual contact among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART. Conclusions There is a high proportion of condom use at each sexual contact among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Fuyang District. Patients who are aware of sexual partners' HIV infection and have not received STD diagnosis and treatment are more likely to insist on using condoms at each sexual contact.

This study aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of artemisinin accumulation induced by cadmium (Cd).The effects of different Cd concentrations (0,20,60,and 120 μmol/L) on the biosynthesis ofArtemisia annua L.were examined.Intermediate and end products were quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.The expression of key biosynthesis enzymes was also determined by qRT-PCR.The results showed that the application of treatment with 60 and 120 μmol/L Cd for 3 days significantly improved the biosynthesis of artemisinic acid,arteannuin B,and artemisinin.The concentrations of artemisinic acid,arteannuin B,and artemisinin in the 120 μmol/L Cd-treated group were 2.26,102.08,and 33.63 times higher than those in the control group,respectively.The concentrations of arteannuin B and artemisinin in 60 μmol/L Cd-treated leaves were 61.10 and 26.40 times higher than those in the control group,respectively.The relative expression levels of HMGR,FPS,ADS,CYP71AV1,DBR2,ALDH1,and DXR were up-regulated in the 120 μmol/L Cd-treated group because of increased contents of artemisinic metabolites after 3 days of treatment.Hence,appropriate doses of Cd can increase the concentrations of artemisinic metabolites at a certain time point by up-regulating the relative expression levels of key enzyme genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis.

With the development of medical education,the traditional cell biology teaching modes and methods need constant adjustment to adapt to the current teaching.In view of the present high-speed development of cell biology,we seriously picked some representative themes to carry out thematic teaching.Students were encouraged to read some references about the corresponding content and thought primarily before the class.After the lesson,the teacher guided students to discuss and find the answers to the questions they asked before.Participation in class discussion and homework completion accounted for 10％ of the final assessment results.The thematic teaching helped to optimize classical teaching contents and frontier progress.This teaching mode not only stimulated learning interest but also fully exercised learning ability.

Objective To observe the injury of some chief organ induced by paraquat (PQ) poisoning in rats, and to explore the mechanism. Method A total of 60 inbred line SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30), and each group was further divided into 6 subgroups (n =5) as per the sacrifice of rats at different intervals. The rats of experimental group received the intra-abdominal injection of paraquat (1 mg/mL, 18 mg/kg), and the rats of control group were treated with the same amount of saline solution instead. The rats of each subgroup were sacrificed separately 2 h,6 h, 12 h,24 h,72 h and 120 h after administration of PQ or saline. Lungs, livers and kidneys were taken for histopathological study. Results There was noticeable exudate in lung tissue of rats in experimental group in the early stage. And then the cystic changes in the liver of rats in experimental group were found. A noticeable hemoglobin was found in the renal tubules 24 h after modeling. But the exudation in lung decreased 24 h later, and in the mean time, the disorganization of pulmonary alveoli was obvious and some remarkable collagen appeared in the interstitial tissue of lung, and it was significantly obvious 72 h after modeling. In the liver of rats in experimental group, the injured tissue had some extent of repair in 72 h after modeling, and recovered gradually. But the injury of kidney was exacerbated 72 h after modeling. In the control group, the lung, liver and kidney were not changed in all stages after modeling.Conclusions The paraquat could induce failure of some chief organs in SD rats. The injury was most remarkable in the lung in a progressive way. The kidney injury was not more severe than that of lung tissue, but the pathological changes of the kidney became worse and worse as time taken. The injury of liver induced by paraquat was slight, and the injury could heal up gradually.