Objective To investigate how culture duration affects the expression of immune membrane proteins in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and their exosomes (DEXs). Methods Human monocytes were induced with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) to differentiate into DCs and were subsequently matured with tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α). Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and DEXs were identified by transmission electron microscopy and Amnis imaging flow cytometry, which were also used to quantify the expression of immune membrane proteins on DCs and DEXs. Results On the 10th day of culture, DCs displayed high surface expression of CD11c, CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), and MHC-II. Expression peaked at day 18(CD11c: 78.66%±20.33%, CD80: 76.41%±10.02%, CD86: 96.43%±0.43%, MHC-I: 84.71%±2.96%, MHC-II: 80.01%±7.03%). After day 24, the overall expression showed a declining trend, with statistically significant differences observed for all markers except CD80 and MHC-II. By day 30, 80% of the DCs still expressed CD80, CD86, and MHC-II. The expression of immune membrane proteins on DEX surfaces also reached its peak on day 18, followed by an overall decline with prolonged culture time, with statistically significant differences observed for all markers except CD80. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between the expression levels of immune membrane proteins on DC and DEX surfaces (CD11c: r=0.98; CD80: r=0.65; CD86: r=0.82; MHC-I: r=0.86; MHC-II: r=0.93). Conclusion Human monocyte-derived DCs in vitro express high expression of immune membrane proteins and maintain stable expression over a specific period. The exosomes secreted by these cells similarly demonstrate high surface expression of immune membrane proteins, with temporal trends aligned with those of the parent DCs.
Humans ; Dendritic Cells/immunology* ; Exosomes/immunology* ; Monocytes/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Time Factors ; B7-1 Antigen/metabolism* ; Membrane Proteins/immunology* ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods* ; B7-2 Antigen/metabolism* ; Cell Differentiation ; CD11c Antigen/metabolism* ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology*

Objective To describe the prevalence and characteristics of bladder carcinoma of Shenzhen residents in recent 10 years and make a relative comparison of corresponding data so as to provide basis for the prophylaxis and treatment of Shenzhen. Methods We collected the data of bladder cancer from 2003 to 2012 in Shenzhen and made a statistical analysis of gender, age, crude incidence rate,standardized incidence and other indexes in China of permanent population and registered population in Shenzhen, then we compared the incidence the trends of the two groups. Results Bladder cancer incidence in Shenzhen for the past decade was as follows. For the permanent residents, the incidence in male and female and total incidence of the disease were 2. 37/105 , 0. 75/105 and 1. 63/105 respectively; for the population of male, the incidence in male and female and total incidence of the disease were 4. 77/105 , 1. 19/105 , 3. 09/105 respectively;standardized incidence in China were 17. 1/105 , 4. 53/105 , 11. 21/105 respectively; all of which were higher than the national average level. Conclusions The registered population of Shenzhen has a higher bladder cancer incidence that even reaches the level of developed countries. Therefore, the task of prophylaxis and treatment are arduous.