Objective To analyze the complex relationships between individual or combined exposures to six aldehydes and hyperuricemia(HUA)and serum uric acid(SUA)levels in adults by Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR),and to explore the factors associated with aldehyde exposure leading to HUA.Methods Participants aged 20 years and older with available aldehyde data were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2013-2014.The study employed BKMR to explore the complex associations between individual or combined exposure to multiple aldehydes and both HUA and SUA.Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between aldehydes and HUA,while multiple linear regression models were used to examine the linear relationship between aldehydes and SUA.Stratified analysis was conducted to explore the association between aldehydes and HUA across populations with different characteristics.Results A total of 1,952 participants were included in the analysis,of whom 346(17.73％)were diagnosed with HUA.Butyraldehyde[OR=1.59,95％CI(1.23,2.07)],heptaldehyde[OR=1.58,95％CI(1.18,2.13)],and hexaldehyde[OR=1.68,95％CI(1.15,2.45)]were significantly associated with HUA.For each one-unit increase in the concentration of butyraldehyde,heptaldehyde,or hexaldehyde,the risk of developing HUA increased by approximately 59％,58％,and 68％,respectively.The results from the BKMR model indicated that the combined effect of aldehyde exposure was positively associated with both HUA and SUA.Among the individual aldehydes,hexaldehyde showed the highest posterior inclusion probability(PIP=0.324),suggesting the greatest contribution to the observed association.Six aldehydes were also significantly positively correlated with reduced glomerular filtration rate(GFR)and elevated levels of triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).Conclusion Individual or combined exposure to aldehydes was positively associated with HUA.This association may be attributed to factors such as reduced GFR,as well as elevated levels of TG and LDL-C.

ObjectiveTo compare colonoscopy compliance rates under different screening strategies, to explore ways to enhance colonoscopy compliance among residents with colorectal carcinoma. MethodsResidents aged between 50‒80 years were recruited through extensive community outreach and voluntary participation. A total of 210 630 residents who participated in the colorectal carcinoma screening program in Jiading District, Shanghai, between 2013 and 2019 were selected as the research subjects. All subjects underwent a colorectal carcinoma risk assessment questionnaire survey and two fecal occult blood tests (FOBT). Positive results in the initial screening were defined as a positive questionnaire survey or a positive result in at least one FOBT. Participants with positive initial screening results were advised to undergo colonoscopy screening in a hospital. Colonoscopy results were collected from hospital reports and physician follow-ups. Compliance with colonoscopy was analyzed under different screening strategies to identify possible factors influencing residents’ willingness to undergo the procedure. ResultsA total of 21 403 individuals (10.16%) were identified as positive with the questionnaire survey, 31 595 individuals (15.00%) tested positive with at least one FOBT. Combined questionnaire and FOBT positivity was observed in 3 501 individuals (1.66%). Among the 48 453 individuals with positive initial screening results, 17 230 (35.56%) underwent colonoscopy, and a total of 315 cases of colorectal cancer were detected. The sensitivity, specificity value of FOBT initial screening were 83.81% and 84.66%, respectively. According to the combined risk assessment and FOBT initial screening preliminary screening, the lowest colonoscopy compliance rate (25.63%) was observed among individuals with only a positive questionnaire, and the highest compliance rate (52.55%) was among those with both positive questionnaire survey and two positive FOBT results. Multivariate analysis revealed that FOBT positivity had the greatest impact on colonoscopy compliance. Those with one positive FOBT test result were 2.64 times more likely to undergo colonoscopy screening than those with negative FOBT results, while individuals with two positive FOBT results were 3.18 times more likely to do so. After adjusting for FOBT results, individuals with positive questionnaire survey results were 1.43 times more likely to undergo colonoscopy screening than those with negative results (95%CI: 1.34‒1.52). Compared to questionnaire-based risk assessment, FOBT results were more influential in determining compliance with colonoscopy. ConclusionThe choice of initial screening method significantly impacts residents’ compliance with colonoscopy. While implementing colorectal carcinoma screening programs, it is necessary to strictly adhere to screening protocols, including risk assessment and FOBT. Additionally, efforts should be made to raise public awareness, encouraging residents to actively participate in risk assessments and FOBT, thereby improving their compliance with colonoscopy.

Objective:To explore the relationship between stereotyped repetitive behaviors and auditory event-related potential(ERP) components P50, N1, P2, N2, and P3 in children with Asperger syndrome(AS).Methods:Forty children with AS and twenty age- and gender-matched healthy children were selected as the AS group and the control group, respectively. Auditory ERP components P50, N1, P2, N2, and P3 were measured in both groups. The AS group were evaluated by the childhood Asperger syndrome test (CAST), autism spectrum screening questionnaire, mandarin Chinese version(CH-ASSQ), and aberrant behavior checklist (ABC).The SPSS 24.0 software was used to perform independent sample t-test on the differences in ERP components between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis, Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed on the scores of stereotyped repetitive behaviors and the amplitude and latency of ERP components. Results:The P50 amplitude ratio (S2/S1) in the AS group was significantly higher than that in the control group((89.6±49.5)% vs (58.3±28.9)%, t=2.950, P=0.005). The latencies of N1 ((111.0±19.7) ms vs (90.9±22.0) ms, t=3.515, P<0.001), P2 ((167.5±21.5) ms vs (142.2±27.2) ms, t=3.841, P<0.001), N2 ((220.0±20.5) ms vs (192.1±26.9) ms, t=4.364, P<0.001), P3a ((297.5±21.9) ms vs (270.3±29.4) ms, t=3.931, P<0.001), and P3b ((376.9±19.4) ms vs (350.6±26.8) ms, t=3.865, P<0.001) in the AS group were all longer than those in the control group. After controlling for comorbidities such as ADHD, age, and Wechsler intelligence quotient for children, the total score of stereotyped behaviors of the ABC showed positive partial correlations with the S1 amplitude( r=0.478), S1 latency( r=0.667), and S2 latency( r=0.510) of P50, as well as the latencies of P3a( r=0.428) and P3b( r=0.470)(all P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and N2 latency were the influencing factors of the total score of restricted and repetitive behaviors ( β=0.500, 0.520, both P<0.05), and S1-P50 amplitude and N2 latency were the influencing factors of the total score of stereotyped behaviors ( β=0.609, 0.518, both P<0.05). Conclusion:Restricted and repetitive behaviors are not in a simple linear relationship with ERP components. Stereotyped behaviors may be associated with decreased stimulus sensitivity and impaired higher-order cognitive functions. The N2 latency may be a potential biomarker for predicting stereotyped repetitive behaviors.

Objective:To explore the relationship between stereotyped repetitive behaviors and auditory event-related potential(ERP) components P50, N1, P2, N2, and P3 in children with Asperger syndrome(AS).Methods:Forty children with AS and twenty age- and gender-matched healthy children were selected as the AS group and the control group, respectively. Auditory ERP components P50, N1, P2, N2, and P3 were measured in both groups. The AS group were evaluated by the childhood Asperger syndrome test (CAST), autism spectrum screening questionnaire, mandarin Chinese version(CH-ASSQ), and aberrant behavior checklist (ABC).The SPSS 24.0 software was used to perform independent sample t-test on the differences in ERP components between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis, Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed on the scores of stereotyped repetitive behaviors and the amplitude and latency of ERP components. Results:The P50 amplitude ratio (S2/S1) in the AS group was significantly higher than that in the control group((89.6±49.5)% vs (58.3±28.9)%, t=2.950, P=0.005). The latencies of N1 ((111.0±19.7) ms vs (90.9±22.0) ms, t=3.515, P<0.001), P2 ((167.5±21.5) ms vs (142.2±27.2) ms, t=3.841, P<0.001), N2 ((220.0±20.5) ms vs (192.1±26.9) ms, t=4.364, P<0.001), P3a ((297.5±21.9) ms vs (270.3±29.4) ms, t=3.931, P<0.001), and P3b ((376.9±19.4) ms vs (350.6±26.8) ms, t=3.865, P<0.001) in the AS group were all longer than those in the control group. After controlling for comorbidities such as ADHD, age, and Wechsler intelligence quotient for children, the total score of stereotyped behaviors of the ABC showed positive partial correlations with the S1 amplitude( r=0.478), S1 latency( r=0.667), and S2 latency( r=0.510) of P50, as well as the latencies of P3a( r=0.428) and P3b( r=0.470)(all P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and N2 latency were the influencing factors of the total score of restricted and repetitive behaviors ( β=0.500, 0.520, both P<0.05), and S1-P50 amplitude and N2 latency were the influencing factors of the total score of stereotyped behaviors ( β=0.609, 0.518, both P<0.05). Conclusion:Restricted and repetitive behaviors are not in a simple linear relationship with ERP components. Stereotyped behaviors may be associated with decreased stimulus sensitivity and impaired higher-order cognitive functions. The N2 latency may be a potential biomarker for predicting stereotyped repetitive behaviors.

Objective To analyze the complex relationships between individual or combined exposures to six aldehydes and hyperuricemia(HUA)and serum uric acid(SUA)levels in adults by Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR),and to explore the factors associated with aldehyde exposure leading to HUA.Methods Participants aged 20 years and older with available aldehyde data were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2013-2014.The study employed BKMR to explore the complex associations between individual or combined exposure to multiple aldehydes and both HUA and SUA.Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between aldehydes and HUA,while multiple linear regression models were used to examine the linear relationship between aldehydes and SUA.Stratified analysis was conducted to explore the association between aldehydes and HUA across populations with different characteristics.Results A total of 1,952 participants were included in the analysis,of whom 346(17.73％)were diagnosed with HUA.Butyraldehyde[OR=1.59,95％CI(1.23,2.07)],heptaldehyde[OR=1.58,95％CI(1.18,2.13)],and hexaldehyde[OR=1.68,95％CI(1.15,2.45)]were significantly associated with HUA.For each one-unit increase in the concentration of butyraldehyde,heptaldehyde,or hexaldehyde,the risk of developing HUA increased by approximately 59％,58％,and 68％,respectively.The results from the BKMR model indicated that the combined effect of aldehyde exposure was positively associated with both HUA and SUA.Among the individual aldehydes,hexaldehyde showed the highest posterior inclusion probability(PIP=0.324),suggesting the greatest contribution to the observed association.Six aldehydes were also significantly positively correlated with reduced glomerular filtration rate(GFR)and elevated levels of triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).Conclusion Individual or combined exposure to aldehydes was positively associated with HUA.This association may be attributed to factors such as reduced GFR,as well as elevated levels of TG and LDL-C.

Objective To establish interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3(Ifitm3)knockout mice and to explore the effects of Ifitm3 on the proliferation and differentiation of adult neural stem cells of mice(aNSCs).Methods IFITM3 knockout mice were established by the CRISPR/Cas9 method and identified by genotype identification and Western Blot.The differences between Ifitm3-knockout mice and wild-type mice were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and flow cytometry.The aNSCs of wild-type mice and Ifitm3-knockout mice were isolated and cultured,the number and size of neurospheres were detected,The ability of aNSCs to proliferate and differentiate were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction,Western Blot,and immunofluorescence.Results Ifitm3-knockout mice were successfully established.The mice developed normally,and there were no obvious abnormalities either histopathologically or the immune system.In vitro experiments showed that Ifitm3 knockout inhibited the self-renewal potential of aNSCs,led to a decrease in the proliferation ability of aNSCs,and inhibited the differentiation of aNSCs into immature neurons and astrocytes.Conclusions This study finds that a lack of IFITM3 result in the ability of aNSCs to proliferate and differentiate decreased,IFITM3 may regulate the function of aNSCs.

ObjectiveTo explore the compliance related factors of repeated screening for colorectal cancer in Jiading District， and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of colorectal cancer. MethodsBased on the natural population cohort in Jiading District， and the screening situation in 2017‒2019 and 2020‒2022， the study subjects were divided into the groups of never participating in screening and participating in screening. Subjects in the participating group were further divided into participating in one round of screening or having repeated screening. SPSS 21.0 software was used to analyze the demographic characteristics of each group. χ² test or Fisher precise probability test were used to conduct univariate analysis of the factors such as gender， age， education level， marital status， retirement status， and type of medical insurance. Factors with the significant difference （P<0.05） were selected for inclusion in multivariate analysis， and factors related to compliance with repeated screening were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. ResultsA total of 8 179 subjects were included in the study， including 3 323 males （40.6%） and 4 856 females （59.4%）. The average age of the subjects was （61.26±6.06） years old. A total of2 652 （32.4%） had educated in primary school or below， 4 242 （51.9%） in secondary school， and 1 285 （15.7%） in higher secondary school. Mostly， 7 579 （92.7%） were married. Among the participants， 4 062 people had never participated in screening， 4 117 people had participated in screening， and 1 485 of them had repeated screening， with a repeated screening rate of 18.2%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women had better compliance with repeated screening than men （OR=1.31， 95%CI： 1.14‒1.50）. Compared with the population aged 50 to 54 years， the population aged 55‒59 years （OR=1.57， 95%CI： 1.19‒2.08）， 60-64 years （OR=2.77， 95%CI： 2.13‒3.61）， and 65-69 years （OR=3.31， 95%CI： 2.51‒4.36） had higher compliance with repeated screening. Compared with employees' medical insurance， residents' medical insurance group had worse compliance with repeated screening （OR=0.76， 95%CI： 0.66‒0.87）. People with a history of intestinal polyps were more likely to undergo repeat screening than those without （OR=2.07， 95%CI： 1.50‒2.87）. ConclusionCompliance with repeated screening for colorectal cancer still needs to be improved， and there are differences in compliance with repeated screening for different populations with different characteristics. Identifying groups that are unlikely to adhere to community-based colorectal cancer screening and taking targeted interventions can help improve the continued compliance of residents with colorectal cancer screening.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the complement C3/C3aR signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex and colon neuroglia cell interactions during meth-amphetamine(METH)addiction,to observe the effects of TLR4 inhibitors as well as complement C3 elimination on METH reward and relapse behavior,and to explore the neuroinflammatory mechanisms of complement C3 acti-vation in METH addiction.METHODS ①A 14 d and 28 d rat METH addiction model was established to observe the effects of TLR4 antagonist ibudilast 3 mg·kg-1 and 10 mg·kg-1 on self-administration,reward motivation,relapse,and natural reward behavior in METH-trained 14 d rats and the effects of 0.02 mg·kg-1 complement C3 antago-nist on self-administration behavior in METH-trained 28 d rats.② Differences in the expression of TLR4,NF-κB,GRP94,C3,cathepsin L,CD68,and GFAP in the pre-frontal cortex of each group were examined using West-ern blotting.③ In addition,the expression of ATF6 in the prefrontal cortex of each group and the effects on neuro-nal and microglia/macrophage INOS,CD206 GRP94,and complement C3/C3aR.RESULTS ① Endoplasmic reticulum stress occurred in neurons and microglia after METH exposure depending on GRP94 and unfolded pro-tein responses to the ATF6 pathway.In addition,it acti-vates the TLR4-NF-κB pathway.② Microglia with high complement C3/C3aR expression in the prefrontal cortex were recruited to synaptic pruning and phagocytic responses around neurons with high GRP94,comple-ment C3/C3aR expression and these effects were blocked by complement C3 antagonists.③ In the rec-tum,GRP94 functions as a molecular chaperone for com-plement C3 and cathepsin L.Crosstalk occurs between enteric neurons high in GRP94,complement C3,and macrophages high in C3aR,located in the submucosa,lamina propria,and muscular,respectively,and all of these effects are blocked by complement C3 antago-nists.④ Treatment with the TLR4 antagonist ibudilast inhibits self-administration,reward motivation,and cue-or METH-priming in METH-trained 14 d rats,but fails to affect natural reward behavior.Ibudilast treatment attenu-ates the TLR4-NF-κB inflammatory pathway and comple-ments C3/C3aR pathway in the prefrontal cortex.CON-CLUSION Activation of the complement C3/C3aR signal-ing pathway by TLR4-NF-κB inflammatory signaling in the prefrontal cortex mediates the METH addiction pro-cess,providing an experimental basis for the clinical treatment of METH addiction,and targeting TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling and complement C3/C3aR may be a new way to intervene in METH addiction.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of respiratory tract infection caused by human rhinovirus （HRV） in a school in Nanxun District of Huzhou City， and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of outbreaks of upper respiratory tract infection caused by HRV in the future. Methods The investigation was performed according to the Guidelines for Response to Outbreaks of Influenza-like Illness （2018 version）. It mainly referred to the records of nonattendance due to illness， morning and afternoon examination， and hospital treatment records， to search for cases. Then CDC staffs carried out epidemiological investigation on cases， interviewed the head teacher， and inspected the site. Throat swabs were collected for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently 14 common viruses that may cause upper respiratory tract infection. Results A total of 68 cases with HRV infection were identified. The first case and last case occurred on May 20 and 30， respectively. After a 3-day longest incubation period， there was no emerging case， suggesting the end of the outbreak. The incidence was 25.00% （11/44） in Class 101， 30.23% （13/43） in Class 109， 25.58% （11/43） in Class 110， 35.26% （16/45） in Class 211， and 39.96% （17/46） in Class 307. There was no significant difference in the incidence among classes （ χ ²=1.67， P >0.05）. The patients aged from 7 to 9 years. The incidence was 27.19% （31 / 114） in male and 34.58% （37/107） in female， with no significant difference （ χ ²=1.41， P >0.05）. The symptoms were mild， with no hospitalization， severe illness or death. The patients had mainly cough （100.00%）， sore throat （61.76%）， and runny nose （47.06%）， whereas had little muscle soreness （4.41%）. Of the patients， 69.12% visited hospitals， 23.53% took medicine by themselves， while 7.35% did not seek any medical treatment or medicine. Throat swabs were collected from 22 cases， testing negative for SARS-CoV-2. Then 14 common respiratory viruses were examined， of which HRV was positive in 16 cases. Conclusion Children with HRV infection have milder symptoms compared to influenza infection， which is difficult to be noticed by school teachers and parents. Students should maintain personal hygiene and develop health habits. Moreover， schools should strength relevant health education， implement morning and afternoon health inspection， and prevent students with illness to routinely go to schools.

Plant fungal pathogens secrete numerous proteins into the apoplast at the plant-fungus contact sites to facilitate colonization.However,only a few secretory proteins were functionally characterized in Magnaporthe oryzae,the fungal pathogen causing rice blast disease worldwide.Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3(Alg3)is an a-l,3-mannosyltransferase functioning in the N-glycan synthesis of N-glycosylated secretory proteins.Fungal pathogenicity and cell wall integrity are impaired in Aalg3 mutants,but the secreted proteins affected in Aalg3 mutants are largely unknown.In this study,we compared the secretomes of the wild-type strain and the Aalg3 mutant and identified 51 proteins that require Alg3 for proper secretion.These proteins were predicted to be involved in metabolic processes,interspecies interactions,cell wall organization,and response to chemicals.Nine proteins were selected for further validation.We found that these proteins were localized at the apoplastic region surrounding the fungal infection hyphae.Moreover,the N-glycosylation of these proteins was significantly changed in the Aalg3 mutant,leading to the decreased protein secretion and abnormal protein localization.Furthermore,we tested the biological functions of two genes,INV1(encoding invertase 1,a secreted invertase)and AMCase(encoding acid mammalian chinitase,a secreted chitinase).The fungal virulence was significantly reduced,and the cell wall integrity was altered in the Ainv1 and Aamcase mutant strains.Moreover,the N-glycosylation was essential for the function and secretion of AMCase.Taken together,our study provides new insight into the role of N-glycosylated secretory proteins in fungal virulence and cell wall integrity.