Despite the groundbreaking advances in cancer immunotherapy achieved by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), their efficacy remains limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), key effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, play pivotal roles in tumor immune evasion. They directly regulate the expression of immune checkpoints, mediate the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, inhibit T cell function, and interact with other signaling pathways to promote immune escape. Diverse strategies targeting YAP/TAZ have been developed, including direct inhibition, modulation of upstream regulators, and suppression of downstream target genes. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that combining YAP/TAZ inhibition with ICIs significantly enhances therapeutic efficacy across various tumor models. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of YAP/TAZ in immune evasion within the TME and explores the potential of targeting this pathway to improve immunotherapy outcomes. Furthermore, it discusses the translational value of combination therapies based on YAP/TAZ inhibition, providing a theoretical framework and practical guidance for the development of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies and precision medicine approaches.
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Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology* ; Animals ; Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins ; Transcription Factors/immunology* ; YAP-Signaling Proteins ; Tumor Microenvironment

Objective·To gain a comprehensive understanding of the current clinical status of assessment and prevention of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children,construct review indicators,analyze obstacles and facilitators in the process of conducting the study in light of clinical reality,and formulate strategies for change.Methods·Utilizing the JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Model as a theoretical guiding framework,the clinical problem was clarified.An evidence-based practice team was established,and a systematic literature search was conducted.The evidence was then evaluated and summarized.Additionally,review indicators were constructed,and review methods were clarified in relation to the evidence.Using the Ottawa Model of Research Use,the three dimensions of evidence change,potential adopters,and practice environment were analyzed for barriers and facilitators,and corresponding strategies were developed.Results·A total of 24 pieces of best evidence were included in the study,comprising five dimensions:skin assessment,assessment of protection,management of adverse skin reactions,medication guidance and follow-up and screening.Twenty-two review indicators were constructed on this basis,of which 14 had an implementation rate of<60%and 10 had an implementation rate of 0%;8 had an implementation rate of>60%and 6 had an implementation rate of 100.00%.The main obstacles were the lack of relevant training and the absence of a rational management mechanism.The main facilitating factors were reliable sources of evidence and a high level of cooperation from potential stakeholders.Considering the results of the analysis of the implementation rate of the indicators under review and the obstacles,alternative measures were formulated.Conclusion·There is a large gap between the evidence and clinical practice for the assessment and prevention of cutaneous GVHD after paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Clinical change should be effectively implemented based on barriers and facilitators.

Objective·To gain a comprehensive understanding of the current clinical status of assessment and prevention of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children,construct review indicators,analyze obstacles and facilitators in the process of conducting the study in light of clinical reality,and formulate strategies for change.Methods·Utilizing the JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Model as a theoretical guiding framework,the clinical problem was clarified.An evidence-based practice team was established,and a systematic literature search was conducted.The evidence was then evaluated and summarized.Additionally,review indicators were constructed,and review methods were clarified in relation to the evidence.Using the Ottawa Model of Research Use,the three dimensions of evidence change,potential adopters,and practice environment were analyzed for barriers and facilitators,and corresponding strategies were developed.Results·A total of 24 pieces of best evidence were included in the study,comprising five dimensions:skin assessment,assessment of protection,management of adverse skin reactions,medication guidance and follow-up and screening.Twenty-two review indicators were constructed on this basis,of which 14 had an implementation rate of<60%and 10 had an implementation rate of 0%;8 had an implementation rate of>60%and 6 had an implementation rate of 100.00%.The main obstacles were the lack of relevant training and the absence of a rational management mechanism.The main facilitating factors were reliable sources of evidence and a high level of cooperation from potential stakeholders.Considering the results of the analysis of the implementation rate of the indicators under review and the obstacles,alternative measures were formulated.Conclusion·There is a large gap between the evidence and clinical practice for the assessment and prevention of cutaneous GVHD after paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Clinical change should be effectively implemented based on barriers and facilitators.