Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of liver cancer in Guangdong Province in 2020, and to provide a scientific foundation for the development of regionalized prevention and control strategies for liver cancer. Methods According to the cancer registry data of Guangdong Province, the incidence, mortality and age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population in 2020 were calculated to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer. The disability adjusted life years (DALYs), year of life loss (YLL), year of lived with disability (YLD), and cause-eliminated life expectancy were used to assess the disease burden of liver cancer. Results In 2020, the crude incidence rate and the age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer in Guangdong Province were 27.79/100 000 and 20.84/100 000，respectively, and the crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rate of liver cancer were 25.49/100,000 and 17.64/100 000, respectively. The total DALY and DALY rate of liver cancer in Guangdong Province were 515 311 person-years and 513.83/100 000, respectively. After eliminating the causes of death from liver cancer, the life expectancy in Guangdong Province increased from 84.60 years to 84.99 years. All indicators consistently demonstrated that the burden of liver cancer was higher in males than that in females, and the burden of liver cancer was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas. Conclusion Liver cancer in Guangdong Province exhibits a high incidence, mortality and disease burden level in 2020. There are obvious differences of gender, age and region in cancer burden. It is necessary to strengthen liver cancer screening and diagnosis and treatment in men, the elderly and those in rural areas to reduce the burden of liver cancer gradually in Guangdong Province.

BackgroundLow medication compliance among patients with severe mental disorders increases the disease burden on both the patients' families and the society. Medication adherence is influenced by numerous factors. Traditional methods such as Logistic regression struggle to quantify the importance of these factors. By introducing Extreme Gradient Boosting （XGBoost） combined with Shapley Additive Explanations （SHAP）， enables the quantification of the relative contribution weights of each factor， providing support for identifying the core influencing factors. ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of medication adherence among patients with severe mental disorders in Zhuhai， aiming to provide references for optimizing patient management strategies. MethodsExtract the data of patients with severe mental disorders who were registered on the mental health system platform in Zhuhai City from January 1， 2023 to March 31， 2025. A total of 9 329 patients were finally included for analysis. Influencing factors were screened using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis， and an XGBoost model combined with the SHAP algorithm was constructed to quantify the importance of each influencing factor. ResultsAmong 9 329 patients， 8 446 demonstrated medication adherence， yielding an adherence rate of 90.53%. Multivariable analysis identified several risk factors significantly associated with medication non-adherence， being unmarried （OR=1.237， 95% CI： 1.019–1.502） or divorced （OR=1.389， 95% CI： 1.038–1.832）， a diagnosis of mental retardation with psychiatric disorders （OR=3.025， 95% CI： 2.402–3.796） or paranoid psychosis （OR=5.117， 95% CI： 3.086–8.299）， a disease duration of 2–4 years （OR=1.355， 95% CI： 1.085–1.696）， 4–6 years （OR=2.143， 95% CI： 1.671–2.747）， or >6 years （OR=1.681， 95% CI： 1.365–2.079）， lack of guardian subsidies （OR=1.412， 95% CI： 1.099–1.801）， absence of a disability certificate （OR=1.900， 95% CI： 1.588–2.282）， not being enrolled in care and support groups （OR=1.384， 95% CI： 1.183–1.617） or community services （OR=1.313， 95% CI： 1.042–1.645）， and not cohabiting with a guardian （OR=1.257， 95% CI： 1.048–1.501）. Conversely， the enrollment in special outpatient disease programs （OR=0.716， 95% CI： 0.609–0.842） and a family history of mental illness （OR=0.713， 95% CI： 0.503–0.982） were identified as protective factors. The XGBoost model exhibited robust predictive performance， with a sensitivity of 0.433， specificity of 0.944， accuracy of 0.891， Area Under the Curve （AUC） of 0.837， and F1 value of 0.449. Feature importance ranking indicated that the top three factors were disease duration， diagnosis， and the acquisition of disability certificates. ConclusionPolicy-based support （acquisition of disability certificates， special outpatient disease enrollment） and clinical disease characteristics （disease duration， diagnosis type） are key factors affecting medication adherence among patients with severe mental disorders in Zhuhai City. ［Funded by Zhuhai Medical Research Project （number， 2220009000281）］

BACKGROUND:Computer-assisted implant surgery can improve implantation accuracy,but the use of implant template in the posterior tooth area is limited for patients with small opening and small interocclusal distance.Therefore,the digital guide has been improved. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of modified implant template on the accuracy of assisted implantation in missing second molars. METHODS:From July 2020 to July 2023,40 patients who received digital guide plate implantation or free hand implantation to repair missing second molars were selected from First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.According to the coin toss method,patients were randomly divided into a trial group(n=22;modified digital guide assisted implantation)and a control group(n=18;free hand implantation).The data of neck deviation,tip deviation,depth deviation,and angle deviation were compared between groups for preoperative and postoperative cone beam CT overlap analysis.One week after the operation,the patients'satisfaction with the operation was assessed by visual analog scale score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The trial group included 25 implants(12 in the upper jaw and 13 in the lower jaw);the control group included 23 implants(8 in the upper jaw and 15 in the lower jaw).The neck deviation,tip deviation,depth deviation,and angle deviation of the trial group were all smaller than those of the control group(P<0.05,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in accuracy between the maxillary and mandibular implant site in the trial group(P>0.05).(2)There was no significant difference in satisfaction with the operation between the two groups(P>0.05).(3)The results showed that improving the digital guide plate for assisted implantation for missing second molar can improve surgical accuracy and is suitable for patients with small opening and small interocclusal distance in the posterior tooth area.

Liumotang comes from the Yuan dynasty's Effective Prescription Handed Down for Generations of Physicians. It is composed of six medicinal materials： Arecae Semen， Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum， Aucklandiae Radix， Linderae Radix， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， and Aurantii Fructus. It is a classical formula for treating abdominal pain due to Qi stagnation and constipation accompanied by heat. This study systematically collated the records of Liumotang in ancient medical books and modern clinical literature and conducted in-depth analysis and textual research on its formula source， main diseases， composition， dosage， medical books， container capacity， processing， preparation method， usage， drug basis， formula meaning， and other key information， so as to provide a powerful reference for the development and clinical application of compound preparations of the classical formula Liumotang. The results show that Liumotang was first seen in Effective Prescription Handed Down for Generations of Physicians， and many medical books of the past dynasties have imitated this. In terms of drug basis， the dried and mature seeds of the palm plant Areca catechu， resin-containing wood of the Daphneaceae plant Aquilaria sinensis， the dried roots of the Asteraceae plant woody Aucklandia lappa， the dried tuber root of the Lauraceae plant Lindera aggregata， the dried roots and rhizomes of the knotweed plant， R. palmatum， R.tangutikum， and R. officinale， and the dried and unripe fruits of the citrus genus C. aurantium and its cultivated varieties from the family Rutaceae were selected. In terms of dosage， through the textual research on bowls in the Ming and Qing dynasties， combined with the conversion of medicines and bowl capacity in the Qing dynasty， it was estimated that the dosage of each drug in the Yuan dynasty was 10.86 g. In the Ming and Qing dynasties， the dosage of drugs was mostly equal， but the dosage of drugs was somewhat different. In terms of processing， preparation method， and usage， in the medical books of the past dynasties， the processing of drugs has slightly changed， but raw drugs are used in all preparations. The preparation method and usage did not change much during the Yuan， Ming， and Qing dynasties， except for certain differences in dosage. In terms of syndrome， Liumotang was first used to treat abdominal pain due to Qi stagnation and constipation accompanied by heat. Medical books of the past dynasties often omit the symptoms of heat. In modern clinical practice， Liumotang is mainly used in the digestive system and urinary system diseases and is mostly used to treat constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome， biliary reflux gastritis， functional constipation， slow transit constipation， and other diseases， with no adverse reactions found yet. The above results provide a reliable scientific basis for the development and clinical treatment of Liumotang compound preparations.

Objective: To understand the changing trends and related factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding the three major infectious diseases (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, hepatitis B) among freshmen in Jiangsu from 2019 to 2022, so as to provide a reference basis for the health education of infectious diseases in schools. Methods: From 2019 to 2022, a total of 33 944 freshmen from 20 universities in Jiangsu Province were randomly selected for four consecutive years to investigate their KAP levels online through self designed questionnaires on three major infectious diseases. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the changing trends of students KAP levels of the three major infectious diseases, and to explore the influencing factors of KAP. Results: From 2019 to 2022, the knowledge scores(18.0±3.1,18.4±3.2,18.7±3.2,18.8±3.2), related to the three major infectious diseases showed an upward trend ( F=436.50, P <0.01), and the positive attitude reporting rates were 81.77%, 81.46%, 82.68% and 81.74%, respectively. The reporting rates of positive practice were 80.11%, 79.25%, 79.08 % and 79.04%, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed that school type, parental education level, mother s occupation, average income per person in family and living arrangements during high school all had an impact on the knowledge ( β = -1.510 -0.559), attitudes ( β =-0.043-0.065) and practice ( β =-0.028-0.027) of the three major infectious diseases ( P < 0.05 ). The family residence areas only affected the reporting rate of positive attitude scores ( β =0.002-0.065), and whether only children or not affected the reporting rate of positive practice scores ( β =0.009)( P <0.05). The knowledge score showed an upward trend ( β= 0.297, P <0.01), the positive attitude reporting rate showed no statistically significant change ( β=0.001, P =0.22), and the positive practice reporting rate showed a downward trend ( β=-0.005, P <0.01). Conclusions Freshman in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022 have shown a separation in KAP scores regarding the three major infectious diseases. Targeted measures should be taken to improve their health practice level.

Objective: To investigate characteristics of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020, so as to provide a basis for optimizing regional prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data on incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in cancer registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020 were collected from the Cancer Follow-up Registration System and the All-Cause Mortality Registration Reporting System of the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The crude incidence, crude mortality, truncated rate for 35 to 64 years, and cumulative rate for 0 to 64 years were calculated, and standardized using the Segi's world standard population. Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the characteristics of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality by different genders, urban/rural areas and ages. Results: A total of 14 771 cases of colorectal cancer were reported in Guangdong Province in 2020. The crude incidence, world population-standardized incidence, truncated incidence for 35 to 64 years and cumulative incidence for 0 to 64 years were 35.18/100 000, 24.84/100 000, 38.87/100 000 and 1.37%, respectively. A total of 5 384 deaths of colorectal cancer were reported, with crude incidence, world population-standardized incidence, truncated incidence for 35 to 64 years and cumulative incidence for 0 to 64 years were 14.55/100 000, 8.83/100 000, 10.39/100 000 and 0.37%, respectively. The crude incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females (40.35/100 000 vs. 29.88/100 000, 16.51/100 000 vs. 12.54/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality were higher in urban areas than in rural areas (38.94/100 000 vs. 26.10/100 000, 16.60/100 000 vs. 10.42/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence of colorectal cancer initially increased with advancing age (P<0.05), reaching a peak of 239.36/105 in the 80-<85 age group, followed by a marked decline after 85 years. The crude mortality of colorectal cancer increased with advancing age (P<0.05), reaching a peak of 174.25/100 000 in the ≥85 years age group. Conclusions In 2020, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in registration areas of Guangdong Province were higher than the national averages. There were differences in the characteristics of incidence and mortality among genders, urban/areas and age. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control efforts for colorectal cancer in males, urban areas, and the elderly population.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in cancer registration areas of Guangdong Province in 2020, so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control strategies of lung cancer. Methods: Data of incidence and mortality in 2020 from 30 cancer registries in Guangdong Province were collected from the Cancer Follow-up Registration System and the All-Cause Mortality Registration Reporting System of the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The crude incidence, crude mortality, and cumulative rate for 0 to 74 years were calculated. The Chinese population-standardized rate and world population-standardized rate were calculated using the age structure of the standard population from the Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and Segi's world standard population. The incidence and mortality characteristics of lung cancer in different genders, urban/rural areas and ages were described. Results: In 2020, there were 25 357 new cases of lung cancer in Guangdong Province. The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, and cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years were 60.40/100 000, 43.75/100 000, 43.26/100 000, and 5.30%, respectively. There were 14 366 lung cancer deaths. The crude mortality, Chinese population-standardized mortality, world population-standardized mortality, and cumulative mortality for 0 to 74 years were 38.82/100 000, 24.49/100 000, 24.36/100 000, and 2.88%, respectively. The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (71.19/100 000 vs. 49.42/100 000, 52.94/100 000 vs. 24.36/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas (66.37/100 000 vs. 45.95/100 000, 40.68/100 000 vs. 35.07/100 000, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and crude mortality of lung cancer exhibited upward trends with increasing age (both P<0.05), peaking in the age of 80-<85 years (347.97/100 000 and 342.14/100 000). Conclusions Comparing to the national data, the incidence of lung cancer in registration areas of Guangdong Province remained relatively high, while mortality remained relatively low. Males, urban residents and the elderly constitute the key populations for lung cancer prevention and control. It is recommend to optimize the allocation of medical resources between urban and rural areas and strengthen lung cancer screening among high-risk groups.

Objective:To study the myocardial protective effects of exogenous supplement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in cardioplegic solution on rats undergoing extracorporeal circulation.Methods:Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into sham, model, and NAD 50, 200 mg/L groups, with 6 rats in each group, according to the random number table method. The rats in the sham group were only anesthetized and tracheally intubated, connected to a ventilator for respiratory support, and the extracorporeal circulation model was not established. Except the sham group, the model of extracorporeal circulation in rats was established by blocking the ascending aorta. The model group was then perfused with cardioplegic solution without NAD; the NAD 50 mg/L group was perfused with cardioplegic solution containing 50 mg/L NAD; and the NAD 200 mg/L group was perfused with cardioplegic solution containing 200 mg/L NAD. After five minutes of cardiac arrest, the aortic cross-clamp was removed to restore blood flow to the heart and allow the heart to gradually resume beating. Plasma and cardiac tissues were collected from each group of SD rats. The effects of NAD in cardioplegic solution on myocardial injury in the extracorporeal circulation model were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The cross section area of cardiomyocytes was quantitatively analyzed by wheat germ agglutinin staining. The number of CD3-positive cells per unit cross section area was determined by immunohistochemical method. Levels of the inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative mRNA expression of cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-3 ( Caspase-3), B-cell lymphoma-2 ( Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein ( Bax) and superoxide dismutase-2 ( SOD-2) was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results:Compared with the model group, the cross section area of cardiomyocytes [(422.54±2.36) μm 2 vs (450.53±32.04) μm 2], the number of CD3-positive cells per unit cross section area [(150.49±34.17) cells/mm 2 vs (220.54±35.23) cells/mm 2], the expression levels of TNF-α [(69.37±8.82) pg/ml vs (76.08±9.02) pg/ml] and IL-6 [(130.72±15.54) pg/ml vs (144.19±11.98) pg/ml] were decreased in the NAD 50 mg/L group, and the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 (0.59±0.03 vs 0.46±0.07) and SOD-2 (0.62±0.06 vs 0.48±0.07) were increased in the NAD 50 mg/L group, however, the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The relative mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax in the NAD 50 mg/L group were lower in the model group (2.23±0.32 vs 2.96±0.26, 2.42±0.08 vs 3.04±0.06) ( P<0.05, 0.01). Compared with the model group, the cross section area of cardiomyocytes [(383.35±8.12) μm 2], the number of CD3-positive cells per unit cross section area [(101.23±3.77) cells/mm 2], the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 [(51.70±4.64) pg/ml and (102.25±9.42) pg/ml], and the relative mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax (1.41±0.09 and 1.45±0.07) were decreased ( P<0.05, 0.01). The relative mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 (0.81±0.01) and SOD-2 (0.78±0.03) were increased (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Exogenous supplement of NAD in cardioplegic solution can effectively reduce circulating inflammatory cytohines and inhibit myocardial tissue apoptosis and myocardial injury.

Objective: To understand the trends and associated factors of tuberculosis knowledge and behavior among freshmen from Jiangsu Province, 2019 to 2022, so as to provide theoretical support for the popularization of tuberculosis knowledge and the prevention and control of tuberculosis in universities. Methods: From 2019 to 2022, a total of 33 944 freshmen from 20 universities in Jiangsu Province were selected by stratified random sampling, and tuberculosis knowledge and behavior were surveyed online using a selfdesigned questionnaire. Oneway variance trend test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the trend of knowledge and behavior levels, and a multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: The overall awareness rate of tuberculosis among freshmen from Jiangsu Province was 90.6%, and the overall awareness rates from 2019 to 2022 were 88.4%, 90.4%, 91.7%, and 91.8%, respectively. The overall behavioral accuracy rate was 92.3%, with the annual rates from 2019 to 2022 being 91.8%, 92.3%, 92.7%, and 92.4%, respectively. Both the awareness rate and accuracy behavior rate increased annually (F=216.67, 11.75, P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that school type, ethnicity, fathers educational level, mothers educational level, mothers occupation, family per capita monthly income, and living arrangement in high school affected both personal knowledge awareness rate and personal behavioral accuracy rate (β=-0.047-0.035, P<0.01), while region, gender, family residence, and being an only child only affected behavioral accuracy rate (β=-0.003-0.032, P<0.05). Conclusions The tuberculosis knowledge and behavior levels of freshmen from Jiangsu Province have been increasing by year. Targeted health education should be carried out based on the relevant influencing factors to further enhance the tuberculosis prevention and control literacy.

AIM: To study the toxicity of genipin-a kind of geniposide metabolites induced human tubular epithelial cells HK-2 and its effect on NLRP3 pathway. METHODS: The dose of GP on HK-2 cells were preliminarily determined by CCK8 method, the apoptosis or necrosis rate of HK-2 cells was detected by Hoechst 33342 / PI, the level of LDH release and reactive oxygen species was detected by Kits, and mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular calcium ion concentration were detected by high content imaging. Real-time PCR detected mRNA levels of kindey injury factor-1, osteopontin, NLRP3, Caspase-1, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 18. RESULTS: Compared with the 0 μg / mL group, GP>50 μg/mL significantly reduced cell viability (P< 0.05, P<0.01), and the IC50 value was 110.50 μg/mL. Set the control group, the low, medium and high dose groups of GP (50, 100, 200 μg/mL); Compared with the control group, the cell density decreased in the medium and high dose groups of GP, and the PI positivity, LDH release, ROS, Ca