AIM: To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)induced by high glucose conditions in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs).METHODS: The optimal concentration of pterostilbene for treating HRMECs was determined using the CCK-8 assay, with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L concentrations selected for subsequent experiments. Four experimental groups were established: control group, high glucose group, high glucose combined with 12.5 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group, and high glucose combined with 25 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group. The expression levels of HDAC7 and EndMT-associated markers were detected via Western blot analysis. Cell migration ability was assessed using Transwell migration assays and scratch wound healing tests, while vasculogenic capability was evaluated through tube formation assays.RESULTS: The CCK-8 assay revealed that pterostilbene at a concentration of 22.07 μmol/L inhibited 50% of cell viability in HRMECs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail were significantly upregulated in HRMECs cultured in high glucose(all P<0.01), while the expressions of VE-cadherin and CD31 were significantly reduced(all P<0.01). Compared to the high glucose group, the treatment with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly reduced the expression of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail under high glucose conditions(all P<0.01). Notably, 25 μmol/L pterostilbene enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin and CD31(all P<0.01). Scratch wound healing tests revealed that HRMECs treated with high glucose exhibited a significantly increased cell migration rate compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the application of 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly suppressed HRMECs migration under high glucose conditions(P<0.01). Transwell migration assays demonstrated that the cell migration rate in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01), with cell migration rate markedly reduced following treatment with both of 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene(all P<0.01). The tube formation assay revealed that the ability of HRMECs to form tubular structures was significantly enhanced under high glucose conditions(P<0.01), and both 12.5 and 25 μmol/L of pterostilbene effectively inhibited this effect(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Pterostilbene can inhibit HDAC7 expression, suppress EndMT-mediated migration of HRMECs, and impair tube formation under high-glucose conditions.

AIM: To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)induced by high glucose conditions in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs).METHODS: The optimal concentration of pterostilbene for treating HRMECs was determined using the CCK-8 assay, with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L concentrations selected for subsequent experiments. Four experimental groups were established: control group, high glucose group, high glucose combined with 12.5 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group, and high glucose combined with 25 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group. The expression levels of HDAC7 and EndMT-associated markers were detected via Western blot analysis. Cell migration ability was assessed using Transwell migration assays and scratch wound healing tests, while vasculogenic capability was evaluated through tube formation assays.RESULTS: The CCK-8 assay revealed that pterostilbene at a concentration of 22.07 μmol/L inhibited 50% of cell viability in HRMECs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail were significantly upregulated in HRMECs cultured in high glucose(all P<0.01), while the expressions of VE-cadherin and CD31 were significantly reduced(all P<0.01). Compared to the high glucose group, the treatment with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly reduced the expression of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail under high glucose conditions(all P<0.01). Notably, 25 μmol/L pterostilbene enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin and CD31(all P<0.01). Scratch wound healing tests revealed that HRMECs treated with high glucose exhibited a significantly increased cell migration rate compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the application of 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly suppressed HRMECs migration under high glucose conditions(P<0.01). Transwell migration assays demonstrated that the cell migration rate in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01), with cell migration rate markedly reduced following treatment with both of 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene(all P<0.01). The tube formation assay revealed that the ability of HRMECs to form tubular structures was significantly enhanced under high glucose conditions(P<0.01), and both 12.5 and 25 μmol/L of pterostilbene effectively inhibited this effect(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Pterostilbene can inhibit HDAC7 expression, suppress EndMT-mediated migration of HRMECs, and impair tube formation under high-glucose conditions.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine(Dex)against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury and cuproptosis.Methods The Langendorff models were con-structed using SD rats(I/R group),which were divided into 4 groups according to different interventions during reperfusion as:sham group,I/R group,Dex group and Dex+ES-Cu group.The left ventricular peak pressure(LVSP)of the rats in the above four groups were continuously monitored in the immediate pre-ischemic period(T0),30 min of reperfusion(T1),60 min reperfusion(T2),90 min reperfusion(T3),2 h of reperfusion(T4).Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP),heart rate(HR),maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure(+dp/dtmax)and maximum rate of drop.Subsequently,the extent of myocardial infarction was shown by 1%triphenyltetrazoliumchloride(TTC)staining,and the degree of myocardial fibrosis was assessed by Sirius red staining;Myocardial enzyme profiles,oxidative stress and inflammation indexes were detected by ELISA;Copper ions were detected by copper ion detection kit in myocardial tissues;ATF3,SPI1 and FDX1 protein level expres-sion was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the sham-operated group,the extent of myocardial in-farction and fibrosis increased in the I/R group(P＜0.05),the level of serum MDA,IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α was elevated(P＜0.05),and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px decreased(P＜0.05).The Dex group significantly alleviated the above changes in the I/R group,and compared with the Dex group,in the Dex+ES-Cu group myocardi-al tissue copper ion content at the end of perfusion was increased(P＜0.05).Both ATF3 and SPI1 protein were in-creased and FDX1 protein was decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Dex can regulate copper metabolism and improve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MI/RI)resulted from oxidative stress and inflammation in rat model.

Objective Hypothyroidism is a common clinical disease of systemic metabolic reduction,the incidence and detection rate increased year by year.Based on the clinical characteristics of hypothyroidism,the study constructed and improved animal models to provide reference for the study of hypothyroidism prevention and treatment.Methods By reviewing relevant domestic and foreign literatures,the modeling methods of hypothyroidism were summarized and analyzed.According to the etiology,pathogenesis and clinical diagnostic criteria of hypothyroidism in Chinese medicine and Western medicine,the modeling methods and principles of hypothyroidism animal models were summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of animal models and the evaluation of clinical conformity were analyzed.Results It was found that the model of drug induction,iodine restriction and 131 I-induced hypothyroidism had high clinical anastomosis in Western medicine,and had the advantages of simple operation,high model formation rate and good repeatability,the combination of the disease model and the syndrome model of kidney yang deficiency and spleen and kidney yang deficiency have a high degree of clinical conformity in TCM.Congenital induced hypothyroidism,autoimmune induced hypothyroidism and genetic induced hypothyroidism can be studied for their unique etiology and pathogenesis,but their clinical manifestations are relatively simple and their clinical anastomosis is relatively low.At present,the construction of hypothyroidism animal model is mainly based on the pathogenesis of Western medicine,and the evaluation of the model mostly relies on laboratory detection indicators.The clinical anastomosis score of traditional Chinese medicine is generally low,and the record of animal apparent indicators is generally insufficient.Conclusion In the process of building hypothyroidism animal model,based on the pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine,combining the etiology of traditional Chinese medicine and the pathogenesis of Western medicine,multi-factor comprehensive modeling method can be adopted to increase the record of apparent indicators,improve the accuracy of the four diagnoses and symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine,and systematically and dynamically observe the interaction process of disease and syndrome,so as to build an animal model of hypothyroidism which is more closely aligns with with the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.

Objective:To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of N-desalkylquetiapine, hydroxybupropion, N-desmethyl clozapine, N-desmethyl clomipramine, O-desmethyvenlafaxine and dehydro aripiprazole in human plasma.Methods:In June 2023, plasma samples were treated with methanol-acetonitrile (volume ratio of 1∶1) for protein precipitation and then detected by LC-MS/MS. It was separated by C18 column and eluted with 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate water and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate methanol solution as mobile phase gradient. The metabolites of six psychotropic drugs were qualitatively and quantitatively by using electrospray positive ion multi-reactive ion monitoring scanning mode (MRM) .Results:The linear relationships of six psychotropic drug metabolites were good in the concentration range of 2-100 μg/L. The linear correlation coefficients were 0.9971-0.9999, the limits of quantification of the method were 0.10-6.00 μg/L, and the inter-and intra-day precision were 4.6%-9.8% and 1.5%-8.6%, with the recoveries of the spiked standards ranged from 90.0% to 106.1%.Conclusion:The LC-MS/MS method for the determination of metabolites of six psychotropic drugs in human plasma is simple, rapid and sensitive, and can be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of metabolites in plasma samples of patients suspected of psychotropic drug poisoning.

ObjectiveTo develop a nomogram-based risk prediction model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incidence among the community-dwelling population aged 40 years old and above, so as to provide targeted references for the screening and prevention of COPD. MethodsBased on a natural population cohort in suburban Shanghai, a total of 3 381 randomly selected participants aged ≥40 years underwent pulmonary function tests between July and October 2021. Cox stepwise regression analysis was used to develop overall and gender-specific risk prediction models, along with the construction of corresponding risk nomograms. Model predictive performance was evaluated using the C-indice, area under the curve (AUC) values, and Brier score. Stability was assessed through 10-fold cross-validation and sensitivity analysis. ResultsA total of 3 019 participants were included, with a median follow-up duration of 4.6 years. The COPD incidence density was 17.22 per 1 000 person-years, significantly higher in males (32.04/1 000 person-years) than that in females (7.38/1 000 person-years) (P<0.001). The overall risk prediction model included the variables such as gender, age, education level, BMI, smoking, passive smoking, and respiratory comorbidities. The male-specific model incorporated the variables such as age, BMI, respiratory comorbidities, and smoking, while the female-specific model included age, marital status, respiratory comorbidities, and pulmonary tuberculosis history. The C-indices for the overall, male-specific, and female-specific models were 0.829, 0.749, and 0.807, respectively. The 5-year AUC values were 0.785, 0.658, and 0.811, with Brier scores of 0.103, 0.176, and 0.059, respectively. Both 10-fold cross-validated C-indices and sensitivity analysis (excluding participants with a follow-up duration of <6 months) yielded C-indices were above 0.740. ConclusionThis study developed concise and practical overall and gender-specific COPD risk prediction models and corresponding nomograms. The models demonstrated robust performance in predicting COPD incidence, providing a valuable reference for identifying high-risk populations and formulating targeted screening and personalized management strategies.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics and trend of stroke incidence in Yixing City, Jiangsu Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for formulating prevention and control strategies of stroke. Methods: Data of stroke case in Yixing City from 2016 to 2023 were collected from the National Health Information Platform of Yixing City, including sex, age, time of onset, and diagnostic subtypes. Crude incidence was standardized using the data from the 2010 Chinese National Population Census to analyze the characteristics of stroke incidence. The incidence trend of stroke was analyzed by average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 54 157 stroke cases were reported in Yixing City from 2016 to 2023, with a crude incidence of 629.52/100 000 and a standardized incidence of 299.50/100 000, showing an upward trend (AAPC=9.744% and 5.955%, both P<0.05). The crude and standardized incidence of stroke in males were significantly higher than those in females (695.30/100 000 vs. 565.79/100 000, 328.73/100 000 vs. 270.71/100 000, both P<0.05). Stroke incidence exhibited an age-dependent increase (P<0.05), peaking in the ≥60 years age group (1 820.43/100 000). The crude and standardized incidence of ischemic stroke (555.46/100 000 and 262.26/100 000) were significantly higher than those of hemorrhagic stroke (52.80/100 000 and 28.03/100 000, both P<0.05). From 2016 to 2023, the standardized incidences of stroke in males, females, the 0-<40 years age group, the 40-<60 years age group, the ≥60 years age group, and ischemic stroke all showed an upward trend (AAPC=6.692%, 4.925%, 5.607%, 5.777%, 5.698%, and 8.481%, respectively, all P<0.05). No significant temporal trend was observed for hemorrhagic stroke incidence (P>0.05). Conclusions The incidence of stroke among residents in Yixing City showed an upward trend from 2016 to 2023, with males and elderly individuals being high-risk populations. Ischemic stroke emerged as the predominant subtype, while a concerning trend of increasing stroke incidence among younger adults was observed.

To review the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) at home and abroad on digital intelligence (DI)-driven rehabilitation in patients of neuromuscular disease, compare the effects of DI-driven rehabilitation with traditional rehabilitation, summarize the special needs and challenges faced by patients in rehabilitation of rare neuromuscular diseases, and provide evidence for the development and quality improvement of rehabilitation for rare neuromuscular diseases.

To provide references to and give suggestions to the development and optimiza-tion of Digital Intelligence (DI) technology in management of non-hospitalized patients by systematical review the application of digital technology in non-hospital settings.