Lipids play an important role in the regulation of cell life processes. Although there are various lipid detection methods, Raman spectroscopy, a non-invasive technique, provides the detailed chemical composition of lipid profiles without a complex sample preparation procedure and possesses greater potential in basic biology, clinical diagnosis and disease therapy. In this review, we summarized the characteristics and advantages of Raman-based techniques and their primary contribution to illustrating cellular lipid metabolism.

Battalion aid stations usually serve as the critical bridge between medical rescue and early treatment,whose treatment efficiency will make a huge difference in the survival rate of casualties on battlefields in the future.This paper reviews the evolution of the functions of U.S.military battalion aid stations.By taking the U.S.Marine Corps and the 75th Ranger Regiment,this article elaborates on the practices by the U.S.military in the construction of battalion aid stations,and unveils the takeaways from the construction of the army battalion aid stations and their limitations.It is recommended that future battalion aid stations should set support tasks based on the need of medical services,optimize the make-up of battalion aid stations,improve their support capabilities and informatization,and provide better en-route treatment in order to ensure battalion aid stations can play a more important role.

Objective To investigate the effects of paclitaxel and doxorubicin on the immune microenvironment of breast cancer in mice. Methods The CTR-DB database, a database for analysis of gene expression profiles and drug resistance characteristics related to tumor drug response, was used to analyze the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on the immune microenvironment of breast cancer. Mouse models with breast cancer were established by in situ injection with 4T1 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Then they were treated with doxorubicin and paclitaxel, respectively. The sizes of tumor were recorded and analyzed by growth curve. The number of different types of immune cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. The expressions of Ki67, S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The cell cycles of 4T1 cells in paclitaxel group and doxorubicin group were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The results of CTR_Microarray_75 analysis showed that the immune scores, and the number of cytotoxic lymphocytes, B lineages, CD8⁺ T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytic lineages and natural killer (NK) cells in chemotherapy-sensitive breast cancer were higher than those in chemotherapy-insensitive breast cancer. Through growth curve analysis in mice with breast cancer, we found that both paclitaxel and doxorubicin could inhibit the increase of the tumor sizes, and the paclitaxel showed a higher inhibitory effect. The results of cytometry displayed that both paclitaxel and doxorubicin could restrain the expression of Ki67 and increase the number of breast cancer cells in G2/M phase, and in the paclitaxel group, the expression of Ki67 was lower and the number of breast cancer cells in G2/M phase was larger. Paclitaxel and doxorubicin enhanced the infiltration of CD45⁺ immune cells but decreased the infiltration of neutrophils. Additionally, paclitaxel promoted the infiltration of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T helper cells, CD3⁺CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells and CD45⁺CD19⁺B cells, while doxorubicin increased the infiltration of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs). The results of immunohistochemistry displayed that the paclitaxel significantly inhibited the expression of S100A9, while the doxorubicin significantly restrained the expression of MMP9. Conclusion Paclitaxel and doxorubicin can effectively inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and change immune microenvironment of TNBC by regulating the different patterns of cell infiltration and the expression of different extracellular matrix components.
Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology* ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology* ; Calgranulin B ; Tumor Microenvironment

Objective:To evaluate the association of maternal nutrition status in the first trimester with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and macrosomia.Methods:378 pregnant women who took prenatal care in Shunyi Women′s and Children′s Hospital of Beijing Children′s Hospital were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected at first prenatal visit (<12 gestation weeks) to measure the level of hemoglobin and iron status indexes including serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, total iron binding capacity, iron saturation, transferrin saturation. The incidence of GDM and macrosomia were collected and Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of maternal nutrients status in the first trimester with GDM and macrosomia.Results:The incidence rate of GDM was16.9%,the incidence of anemia and iron deficiency in the first trimester were2.4% and 2.5%, respectively. After adjustment for variables such as maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes, and parity, Logistic regression showed that in the first trimester, iron saturation>50% ( OR=0.238, 95% CI 0.068-0.831), transferrin saturation>50% ( OR=0.08, 95% CI 0.010-0.677) were protective factors of GDM; iron saturation 25%-50% ( OR=0.361, 95% CI 0.143-0.908); transferrin saturation 25%-50% ( OR=0.383, 95% CI 0.165-0.891); ferritin>30 ng/ml ( OR=0.418, 95% CI0.186-0.939) were protective factors of macrosomia. Conclusion:Maternal iron status in the first trimester might be associated with GDM and macrosomia. Thus, maternal iron status assessment in the first trimester is necessary.

Objective:To investigate the diet, dietary structure and physical activity of 408 early pregnant women in Beijing.Methods:From November 2018 to January 2019, this study selected 408 early pregnant women at the women and children hospital in Beijing by convenience sampling. The diet and physical activity were investigated with the Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and Denmark Physical Activity Questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 was used to build the database and principal component analysis was used to statistical analysis.Results:Among 408 early pregnant women, the gestational week and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was (9.77±1.95) weeks and (22.80±3.91) kg/m 2. There were 120 (30.9%) of pregnant women with pre-pregnancy overweight/fat, 136 (33.3%) of them with fasting blood glucose>4.6 mmol/L. Food consumption (cereals and tubers, livestock and poultry meat) all day was lower than recommended nutrient intake of the Chinese Balanced Diet Pagoda. Diet structure of pregnant women mainly included 5 kinds which explained 50.889% of the total cumulative variance; the first diet structures were the livestock and poultry meat, cereals, milk and milk products, tubers; and the vegetables, fried, barbecued, cookies and aquatic product were the second which explained 20.121% of the cumulative variance. Among those pregnant women, the time and energy consumption of resting or mild level of physical activity occupied 87.50% (21/24) and 81.50% (27.00/33.13) of time and energy consumption in 24 hours respectively; the time and energy consumption of medium level of physical activity occupied 7.29% (1.75/24) and 18.50% (16.13/33.13) of time and energy consumption in 24 hours respectively; level E (daily cleaning) accounted for 57.14% (1.00/1.75) and 48.93% (3.00/6.13) of the time and energy consumption of medium level of physical activity; there was no one with level H (aerobics) . Conclusions:Among 408 early pregnant women in Beijing, many pregnant women are with pre-pregnancy overweight/fat; a part of them are with a high level of fasting blood glucose; a part of them select diet outside. In the situation of low level of overall food consumption among early pregnant women, the diet structure mainly includes the livestock and poultry meat, grease, sweetmeats and tubers which leads to much sugar and fat intake. At the same time, early pregnant women have the low level of physical activity. Diet and exercise guide should be carried out to control the weight gain.

Objective:To explore the current status and influencing factors of feeling in control during labor in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) .Methods:Totally 200 pregnant women with GDM who underwent vaginal delivery in a Class Ⅲ Graded A maternity hospital in Beijing between from February to July 2018 were selected by convenient sampling. They were required to fill in the general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of Feeling in Control during Labor Scale (FCLS) and State Anxiety Inventory Form (S-AI) 48 hours after delivery to investigate their general information, feeling in control during labor and state anxiety. The factors affecting feeling in control during labor were analyzed, and the data of totally 172 pregnant women were collected.Results:The total score of FCLS in the 172 pregnant women with GDM was (148.00±23.03) , which was in a middle level. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of FCLS between pregnant women with GDM who had different education levels, occupations, the number of births, whether or not to undergo perineal lateral resection, and whether to use forceps ( P<0.05) . Multivariate analysis revealed that the whether to use forceps, the number of births, antenatal fasting blood glucose, and the level of anxiety during childbirth were the influencing factors for feeling in control of during labor in pregnant women with GDM. Conclusions:The level of feeling in control during labor in pregnant women with GDM in Beijing is higher than that of normal primiparous women. The in control during labor is affected by many factors, and clinical medical staff should take a variety of targeted measures for different populations to enhance their feeling in control during labor, thereby improving the delivery outcome and childbirth satisfaction.

To obtain the pure and soluble P51 antigen of HIV-1 strain CN54, we transformed the Escherichia. coli strain BL21 codonplus-RIL with recombinant plasmid pTHioHisA51 which carries a gene encoding the Polymerase (Pol) P51 antigen of HIV-1 CN54 formerly, and induced protein expression by IPTG. We purified the recombinant protein with Chelating Sepharose FF-Ni and DEAE-Sepharose FF column chromatography, then renatured the recombinant protein by dialyzation. Purified protein was identified by Western blotting. We labeled and coated antigen P51 in a dual-antigen sandwich system, and tested it with serum samples from HIV-infected individuals. The results showed that P51 was expressed as inclusion body, and represented about 50% of total cellular protein. After purification and renaturation, the purity of P51 was up to 95%. Western blotting and sandwich ELISA demonstrated that recombinant P51 had good anti-HIV antibody specificity and sensitivity. The results suggested that recombinant HIV-1 P51 can be prepared as diagnostic reagent, and provides valuable support for HIV-1 detection and vaccine research.
Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; HIV Antibodies ; blood ; immunology ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; virology ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; immunology ; Humans ; Protein Renaturation ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Sensitivity and Specificity