BACKGROUND:The sports medicine community has widely called for the use of machine learning technology to efficiently process the huge and complicated sports data resources,and construct intelligent sports injury prediction models,enabling accurate early warning of sports injuries.It is of great significance to comprehensively summarize and review such research results so as to grasp the direction of early warning model improvement and to guide the construction of sports injury prediction models in China. OBJECTIVE:To systematically review and analyze relevant research on sports injury prediction models based on machine learning technology,thereby providing references for the development of sports injury prediction models in China. METHODS:Literature search was conducted on CNKI,Web of Science and EBSCO databases,which mainly searched for literature related to machine learning techniques and sports injuries.Finally,61 articles related to sports injury prediction models were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In terms of external risk feature indicators,there is a lack of competition scenario indicators,and the inclusion of related feature indicators needs to be further improved to further enrich the dimensions of the dataset for model training.In addition,the inclusion feature weighting methods of the sports injury prediction model are mainly based on filtering methods and the use of embedding and wrapping weighting methods needs to be strengthened in order to enhance the analysis of the interaction effects of multiple risk factors.(2)In terms of model body training,supervised learning algorithms become the mainstream choice.Such algorithms have higher requirements for the completeness of sample labeling information,and the application scenarios are easily limited.Therefore,the application of unsupervised and semi-supervised algorithms can be increased in the later stage.(3)In terms of model performance evaluation and optimization,the current studies mainly adopt two verification methods:HoldOut crossover and k-crossover.The range of AUC values is(0.76±0.12),the range of sensitivity is(75.92±11.03)%,the range of specificity is(0.03±4.54)%,the range of F1 score is(80.60±10.63)%,the range of accuracy is(69.96±13.10)%,and the range of precision is(70±14.71)%.Data augmentation and feature optimization are the most common model optimization operations.The accuracy and precision of the current sports injury prediction model are about 70%,and the early warning effect is good.However,the model optimization operation is relatively single,and data augmentation methods are often used to improve model performance.Further adjustments to the model algorithm and hyperparameters are needed to further improve model performance.(4)In terms of model feature extraction,most of the internal risk profile indicators included are mainly based on anthropometrics,training load,years of training,and injury history,but there is a lack of sports recovery and physical function indicators.

ObjectiveTo investigate the difference in bilateral lower limb muscle synergy mode during gait in patients after unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. MethodsElectromyography from bilateral lower limb muscles during gait were collected from twelve male and eight female patients after unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Sports University, from April to June, 2023. The data were analyzed using non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm to extract the number of muscle synergies in the affected and unaffected legs, the time to peak activation of muscle synergies and the relative weights of the muscles. ResultsSix types of muscle synergy were identified in the unaffected leg of males during gait, while five types were identified in the affected leg, lacking synergy 2 that mainly from the tibialis anterior muscle. Six types of muscle synergy were identified in both legs in females during gait. There was no significant difference in the time to peak activation of muscle synergies between both legs in males (P > 0.05). However, the time to peak activation of muscle synergies increased in females in the affected leg for synergy 3 and synergy 5 (P < 0.05). The relative weight of the rectus femoris was lower in synergy 1 in the affected leg in males (P < 0.05). For female, the relative weight of the vastus lateralis was higher and the relative weight of the biceps femoris was lower in synergy 2 in the affected leg in females (P < 0.05); while the relative weight of the rectus femoris was lower in synergy 3 (P < 0.05), and the relative weight of the biceps femoris was lower in synergy 6 (P < 0.05). ConclusionMales would freeze the muscle synergy dominating ankle dorsiflexion in affected leg to enhance ankle stability, and reduce the relative weight of rectus femoris during the loading response phase to weaken the knee landing cushioning. However, females would delay the activation of synergies dominating in loading response phase and the mid-stance phase, enhance the relative weight of vastus lateralis during the loading response phase, and reduce the relative weights of rectus femoris in the loading response phase and the relative weight of biceps femoris in the mid-stance phase, to limit knee flexion.

Objective To analyze the risk of return to sport in athletes using their gait data following anterior cruciate ligament re-construction(ACLR). Methods From May to June,2023,39 athletes after ACLR were recruited in Wuhan Sports University.Their data on sta-ble gait and tandem gait were recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system,surface electromyogra-phy and a three-dimensional ergometer table.Additionally,return-to-sport scores were calculated using the K-STARTS test.The relationship between each gait indicator and the total score of the K-STARTS test was ana-lyzed with Pearson correlation analysis.Furthermore,the key indicators related to the risk of return to sport were analyzed using linear regression. Results In the stable gait test,the step time was negatively correlated with the total score of K-STARTS(r=-0.479,P=0.002),and the peak amplitude symmetry index of rectus femoris(r=0.448,P=0.004)and vastus lateralis(r=0.595,P=0.001)were positively correlated with the total score of K-STARTS.In the tandem gait test,the lateral displacement distance of the center of gravity was negatively correlated with the total score of K-STARTS(r=-0.341,P=0.034),and the time symmetry index of peak amplitude of vastus lateralis was positively correlated with the total score of K-STARTS(r=0.320,P=0.047).Regression analysis showed that the interpretation of the model based on stable gait(F=15.818,P=0.001,R2=0.650)was better than that based on tandem gait(F=7.692,P=0.001,R2=0.397). Conclusion In stable gait,gait rhythm variability and symmetry are correlated with return to sport risk.In tandem gait,gait balance and symmetry indexes are correlated with return-to-sport risk.Compared with tandem gait,the inter-pretation of return-to-sport risk assessment model based on stable gait information is better,and may be more suitable as a simple return-to-sport risk test method.

Objective:To explore the application value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in male anterior urethral stenosis.Methods:A total of 40 male patients with anterior urethral stenosis admitted to the Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University from September 2022 to March 2023 were collected. SWE examination was performed before operation to measure the elasticity of urethra and surrounding normal tissues, and to evaluate the location and length of urethral stenosis. When the patient underwent urethral repair and reconstruction surgery, the lesion site of urethral stenosis was measured during the operation to confirm the actual location and length of the lesion during the operation, and the lesion site and length of the urethral stenosis were compared with the preoperative SWE assessment. The specimen of urethral lesion excised during the operation was sent for pathological examination to further confirm whether the tissue was pathological scar tissue.Results:The elastic value of urethral stricture in SWE [(32.9±6.2)kPa] was higher than that of normal urethra [(21.5±4.3)kPa], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The length of urinary tract stricture measured by preoperative SWE examination [(3.51±1.09)cm] was basically the same as that of urethral stricture measured during operation [(3.51±1.10)cm], with no statistical significance ( P=0.825). The pathological examination proved that the surgically resected tissue was indeed pathological scar tissue, and the pathological results of the site of urethral stenosis determined by the preoperative SWE examination were 100% consistent with those of the postoperative stenosis. Conclusions:SWE can well evaluate the length of male anterior urethral stenosis and the location of the diseased urethra before surgery, and provide accurate guidance for the scope of urethral lesion and pathological scar resection during surgery.

Objective:To explore the application value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in male anterior urethral stenosis.Methods:A total of 40 male patients with anterior urethral stenosis admitted to the Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University from September 2022 to March 2023 were collected. SWE examination was performed before operation to measure the elasticity of urethra and surrounding normal tissues, and to evaluate the location and length of urethral stenosis. When the patient underwent urethral repair and reconstruction surgery, the lesion site of urethral stenosis was measured during the operation to confirm the actual location and length of the lesion during the operation, and the lesion site and length of the urethral stenosis were compared with the preoperative SWE assessment. The specimen of urethral lesion excised during the operation was sent for pathological examination to further confirm whether the tissue was pathological scar tissue.Results:The elastic value of urethral stricture in SWE [(32.9±6.2)kPa] was higher than that of normal urethra [(21.5±4.3)kPa], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The length of urinary tract stricture measured by preoperative SWE examination [(3.51±1.09)cm] was basically the same as that of urethral stricture measured during operation [(3.51±1.10)cm], with no statistical significance ( P=0.825). The pathological examination proved that the surgically resected tissue was indeed pathological scar tissue, and the pathological results of the site of urethral stenosis determined by the preoperative SWE examination were 100% consistent with those of the postoperative stenosis. Conclusions:SWE can well evaluate the length of male anterior urethral stenosis and the location of the diseased urethra before surgery, and provide accurate guidance for the scope of urethral lesion and pathological scar resection during surgery.

OBJE CTIVE To mine and analyze t he cardiac adverse drug reaction （ADR）signals induced by febuxostat in post-marketing experience ，and to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS Reporting odds ratio （ROR） method was used to mine the ADR signals induced by febuxostat from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System during the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2020；the information of cardiac disease signals was counted and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 209 ADR signals were detected in 8 282 adverse drug event （ADE）reports with febuxostat as the primary suspected drug ， involving 27 cardiac signals and 754 ADE reports. The most reported signals were symptoms （262 reports），including dizziness ， oedema peripheral，chest pain ，palpitations and gravitational oedema and so on ，followed by coronary atherosclerotic heart disease signal，heart failure signal ，arrhythmia signal ，sudden cardiac death signal （233，157，90，12 reports，respectively）. More than half of the signals were mentioned in the drug instructions ，while the unmentioned signals were mainly kinds of cardiac failure ， arrhythmia and extrasystoles ，etc. The patients with cardiac ADEs who received febuxostat were more male than female ，and the age was 60 and over ；the drug dosage was mostly 40 mg/d or 80 mg/d as recommended in the drug instructions ，and cardiac ADEs mostly occurred within 1 month of medication. CONCLUSIONS Routine attention should be paid to the cardiac safety of febuxostat during medication ，further evaluation and validation of febuxostat-induced cardiac ADR signals are still needed.

Physiological parameters monitoring is essential to direct medical staff to evaluate, diagnose and treat critical patients quantitatively. ECG, blood pressure, SpO2, respiratory rate and body temperature are the basic vital signs of patients in the ICU. The measuring methods are relatively mature at present, and the trend is to be wireless and more accurate and comfortable. Hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism and microcirculation should be taken seriously during the treatment of acute critical patients. The related monitoring technology has made significant progress in recent years, the trend is to reduce the trauma and improve the accuracy and usability. With the development of machine vision and data fusion technology, the identification of patient behavior and deterioration has become hot topics. This review is focused on current parameters monitoring technologies, aims to provide reference for future related research.
Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Oxygen Saturation ; Technology ; Vital Signs

Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of extracorporeal shock wave therapy ( ESWT) for knee osteoarthritis ( KOA) and its effect on the articular cartilage. Methods Sixty-three persons with KOA were randomly divided into an ESWT group ( n=32) and a control group ( n=31) . Both groups received routine knee mus-cle strength training, but the ESWT group was also given ESWT ( a total of 2000 pulses at 8 Hz and 2.5 bar pressure) once a week for four consecutive weeks. The control group was given sham therapy at 0.2 bar with the rest of the pa-rameters the same as in the ESWT group. All of the subjects were assessed using a visual analogue scale ( VAS) , the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Score ( WOMAC) , the Lequesne Index and knee cartilage T2 values before as well as one and 8 weeks after the intervention. Results The average VAS score, WOMAC in-dex, and Lequesne index of the ESWT group at 8 weeks after the treatment were significantly better than those before the intervention, and significantly better than the control group' s averages. The T2 values of the ESWT group at 8 weeks after the treatment were significantly better than before the intervention, though not significantly different from those of the control group at that point. No serious adverse reactions occurred in either group, and all of the minor ad-verse reactions had disappeared before the end of the assessment period. Conclusion ESWT can significantly im-prove the lower limb functioning of KOA patients, and its influence on knee cartilage is within the safe range.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of cervical lifting suture in treatment of placenta previa with increta and percreta. Methods: From January 2016 to June 2017, 65 cases (0.78%, 65/8 322) were diagnosed placenta previa with increta and percreta by prenatal ultrasonic score system and confirmed by intraoperative findings in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital. Totally 62 cases (0.75%, 62/8 322) were included, because 3 cases underwent hysterectomy with placenta in situ. According to ultrasonic score system, 62 cases were divided into two groups, score 5-9 group (n=42, 67.7%) and score≥10 group (n=20, 32.3%) , cervical lifting suture techniques were all performed in cesarean sections. Demographic and clinical data were collected and compared. Results: (1) There were no significant differences between two groups in age, gravidity, parity, cesarean section history ratio and gestational week of termination (all P>0.05) . (2) In score≥10 group, the median intraoperative bleeding volume was 4 000 ml (1 200-13 000 ml) , while in score 5-9 group, it was 1 600 ml (700-10 000 ml) , intraoperative blood transfusion volume was 2 000 ml (800-8 800 ml) in score≥10 group, while 1 200 ml (0-8 000 ml) in score 5-9 group. The median operation time was 240 minutes (108-1 200 minutes) in score≥10 group, significantly higher than that in score 5-9 group, which was 135 minutes (69-335 minutes; all P< 0.05). In 8 cases for hysterectomy (12.9%,8/62) , 3 cases in score 5-9 group, 5 cases in score≥10 group. (3) In score≥10 group, the rate of postoperative ICU registration was 80% and mean hospitalization time was (6.3±1.7) days, were significantly different, compared with those in score 5-9 group, which were 26%, (4.9±1.9) days. No serious postpartum complications were found in both groups, and there were no significant differences in Apgar score and weight of newborns (all P>0.05) . Conclusion Cervical lifting suture in placenta previa with increta and percreta could significantly reduce postpartum hemorrhage and retain uterine.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the sexual behaviors of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangzhou in 2010.

METHODSAnti-HIV antibody was detected in the volunteers undergoing HIV tests in the year 2010, and the differences in the sexual role, education, use of condom and complicated infection of syphilis were analyzed among these subjects.

RESULTSA total of 1526 MSM volunteered to participate in the investigation, among whom 87 (5.70%) were confirmed to have HIV infection. The positivity rate of HIV infection was 3.54%, 7.14% and 6.70% in subjects reporting active anal copulation, passive anal copulation, and both, respectively, showing a significant difference in respect of the sexual role (χ(2)=6.450, P=0.040). The positivity rate also differed significantly among married, unmarried and divorced subjects (9.45%, 4.92%, and 4.17%, respectively; χ(2)=7.184, P=0.028). The positivity rate was 21.31% among those with syphilis, significantly higher than the rate in those without syphilis (5.06%, χ(2)=25.770, P<0.001). Use of condom was not associated with a significant reduction of HIV positivity rate (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe high anti-HIV positivity rate among MSM in Guangzhou indicates a high risk of unsafe sexual behaviors, especially anal copulations. The anal copulation receivers, often young and have a lower rate of condom use, constitute a high-risk group of HIV transmission.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; HIV Antibodies ; blood ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; transmission ; HIV Seropositivity ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Homosexuality, Male ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sexual Behavior ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult