Background and Aims:Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are highly aggressive malignancies with dismal prognosis,for which radical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment.Laparoscopic surgery has demonstrated superiority over open surgery in perioperative safety and recovery,yet it is technically limited in complex operations.Robot-assisted laparoscopy,with its high-definition three-dimensional vision and enhanced instrument dexterity,may overcome these limitations.However,comparative evidence balancing baseline differences between laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resections for BTCs is still lacking.This study aimed to evaluate and compare their short-term safety using propensity score matching(PSM).Methods:A total of 151 patients with biliary tract cancers who underwent radical resection were retrospectively enrolled from the Chinese Biliary Tract Tumor Collaborative Group database,including 128 in the laparoscopic group and 23 in the robotic-assisted laparoscopic group.To balance baseline differences,an initial 1∶1 PSM was performed,yielding 19 laparoscopic and 19 robotic cases.Subsequently,using the robotic group as the reference,a 1∶2 PSM was conducted,resulting in 36 laparoscopic and 18 robotic cases.Primary outcomes(conversion to open surgery,ICU admission,and postoperative complications)and secondary outcomes(operative time,intraoperative blood loss,transfusion,postoperative hospital stay,reoperation,readmission,and hospitalization costs)were compared between the two groups.Multivariate regression analyses were performed to explore factors associated with conversion to open surgery and postoperative hospital stay.Results:After matching,baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups.For primary outcomes,the conversion rate to open surgery was significantly higher in the laparoscopic group than in the robotic group(41.7％vs.0,P=0.001),while ICU admission,overall postoperative complications,and Clavien-Dindo graded complications showed no significant differences(all P＞0.05).For secondary outcomes,the postoperative hospital stay was significantly more extended in the laparoscopic group compared with the robotic group(18.5 d vs.8.0 d,P=0.005),whereas operative time,intraoperative blood loss,transfusion,reoperation,readmission,and hospitalization costs were comparable(all P＞0.05).Logistic regression for conversion did not identify statistically significant predictors,but moderately differentiated tumors,elevated preoperative CA19-9,and higher harvested lymph node counts showed trends toward increased risk.Multivariate linear regression revealed that robotic-assisted surgery was an independent factor for reduced postoperative hospital stay(P=0.024),while preoperative total bilirubin(P=0.020),longer operative time(P=0.000),postoperative complications(P=0.006),and reoperation(P=0.005)were found to be associated with a prolonged hospital stay.Conclusion:Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection for BTCs is not inferior to conventional laparoscopy in short-term safety and may further reduce conversion rates and hospital stay.Its technical advantages may be particularly valuable in anatomically complex or challenging cases.Nonetheless,cost-effectiveness and resource allocation should be considered for wider adoption.

Objective To investigate the weight loss efficacy and mechanisms of oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite,and to provide new approaches for obesity treatment.Methods Twenty-three SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=3)and modeling group(n=20).The control group was fed an ordinary diet for 6 consecutive weeks,and the modeling group was fed a high-fat diet for 6 consecutive weeks to establish a simple obesity rat model.After successful modeling,the modeling group was randomly divided into model group(n=10)and treatment group(n=10).The treatment group started anoint-and-massage therapy with oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite(3 g per rat per time,once a day,20 min each time),which was recorded as day 1.The control group and model group were not treated with oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite but received the same massage,and continued to be fed ordinary feed and high-fat feed respectively.Ten rats in the model group and ten in the treatment group were each divided into 3 groups,with 3,3,and 4 rats in each group.On days 3,6,and 9 after treatment,the rats in the three groups were weighed and cardiac blood collection was performed after isoflurane respiratory anesthesia.After euthanasia by cardiac bloodletting,abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue(aSAT)and perirenal white adipose tissue(pWAT)samples were collected and weighed.Serum triglycerides(TG)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were measured.Image J software was used to measure aSAT thickness and the diameter and area of perirenal white adipocytes and abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes.Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the number of telocytes(TCs),cell junctions and exosomes per unit area of aSAT.Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the length of telopodes(Tps)of dermal and subcutaneous TCs in abdominal skin,and to observe the distribution of exosome vesicles,rough endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria,and cell junctions.Results Compared with the control group,the body weight of rats in the modeling group increased significantly(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,rats in the model group showed a significant increase in serum TG level,a significant decrease in HDL-C level,and a significant increase in pWAT mass(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed a significantly increased rate of body weight reduction,significantly decreased pWAT mass,significantly decreased serum TG level,and significantly increased HDL-C level(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed significant reductions in aSAT thickness,as well as cell diameter and area in both aSAT and pWAT(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed significantly increased number of TCs per unit area of aSAT,number of exosomes from TCs in aSAT,and Tps length(all P＜0.05).The treatment group showed an increasing trend in the numbers of mitochondria,rough endoplasmic reticulum,and cell junctions in TCs.Conclusion Oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite applied via anoint-and-massage therapy effectively improves obesity-related symptoms such as dyslipidemia and fat accumulation in obese rats by regulating TCs and their intercellular communication.

Objective:To visually analyze the research hot-spots and development trends of pelvic floor dysfunction nursing, in order to provide a reference for the research of pelvic floor dysfunction nursing in China.Methods:The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science core collection were used as the retrieval databases to retrieve the literature in the field of pelvic floor dysfunction nursing from the establishment of the database to January 31, 2025. CiteSpace 6.4.R1 software was used to visually analyze the included literature.Results:A total of 1 947 Chinese articles and 4 931 English articles were included. The number of English literature increased year by year, while Chinese literature showed a downward trend since 2019. There were more and stable core authors and core institutions in foreign research, while there was less cooperation among domestic authors and institutions. The research hotspots abroad mainly focused on improving the quality of nursing care and managing specific health problems. The future development trends were primarily randomized controlled trials, tension-free vaginal tape, postoperative care, and patient experience. The research hotspots in China mainly focused on nursing interventions. The future development trends were primarily patient quality of life and effectiveness evaluation.Conclusions:Due to different development stages, compared with foreign countries, there are still some deficiencies in evidence-based medicine, delicacy of nursing after tension-free vaginal tape, patient experience, innovation of nursing technology, and depth and breadth of nursing research in China. In the future, we should learn from foreign studies to promote the development of nursing research on pelvic floor dysfunction in China.

Objective To explore the failure criterion that can accurately simulate the tensile and compressive fracture of hollow cortical bone structure.Methods Based on the previous compression and bending experimental data,the predicted results using different failure criteria were compared to determine the simulation accuracy.Results Under the compressive load,the differences in the fracture load between the simulations using the equivalent and invariant strain failure criteria and the experiment were less than 5％,indicating that these two failure criteria were suitable for predicting the cortical bone failure;under the bending load,the differences in the fracture load between the simulations using the equivalent and invariant strain failure criteria and the experiment were less than 5％,indicating that these two failure criteria could accurately predict the failure process.Conclusions The prediction accuracy using different failure criteria mainly depends on whether the strain growth rate conforms to the actual bone deformation.Too fast or too low strain growth rate will lead to premature or delayed structural fracture.The fracture simulation adopted in this study is suitable for most cortical bone structures,and can be used to determine the suitable failure criterion under different loads,so as to assist in obtaining the strength limit of cortical bone in various parts and provide data support for improving the simulation accuracy and grasping the condition of fracture occurrence in clinical practice.

Background and Aims:Biliary tract cancers(BTCs)are highly aggressive malignancies with dismal prognosis,for which radical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment.Laparoscopic surgery has demonstrated superiority over open surgery in perioperative safety and recovery,yet it is technically limited in complex operations.Robot-assisted laparoscopy,with its high-definition three-dimensional vision and enhanced instrument dexterity,may overcome these limitations.However,comparative evidence balancing baseline differences between laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resections for BTCs is still lacking.This study aimed to evaluate and compare their short-term safety using propensity score matching(PSM).Methods:A total of 151 patients with biliary tract cancers who underwent radical resection were retrospectively enrolled from the Chinese Biliary Tract Tumor Collaborative Group database,including 128 in the laparoscopic group and 23 in the robotic-assisted laparoscopic group.To balance baseline differences,an initial 1∶1 PSM was performed,yielding 19 laparoscopic and 19 robotic cases.Subsequently,using the robotic group as the reference,a 1∶2 PSM was conducted,resulting in 36 laparoscopic and 18 robotic cases.Primary outcomes(conversion to open surgery,ICU admission,and postoperative complications)and secondary outcomes(operative time,intraoperative blood loss,transfusion,postoperative hospital stay,reoperation,readmission,and hospitalization costs)were compared between the two groups.Multivariate regression analyses were performed to explore factors associated with conversion to open surgery and postoperative hospital stay.Results:After matching,baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups.For primary outcomes,the conversion rate to open surgery was significantly higher in the laparoscopic group than in the robotic group(41.7％vs.0,P=0.001),while ICU admission,overall postoperative complications,and Clavien-Dindo graded complications showed no significant differences(all P＞0.05).For secondary outcomes,the postoperative hospital stay was significantly more extended in the laparoscopic group compared with the robotic group(18.5 d vs.8.0 d,P=0.005),whereas operative time,intraoperative blood loss,transfusion,reoperation,readmission,and hospitalization costs were comparable(all P＞0.05).Logistic regression for conversion did not identify statistically significant predictors,but moderately differentiated tumors,elevated preoperative CA19-9,and higher harvested lymph node counts showed trends toward increased risk.Multivariate linear regression revealed that robotic-assisted surgery was an independent factor for reduced postoperative hospital stay(P=0.024),while preoperative total bilirubin(P=0.020),longer operative time(P=0.000),postoperative complications(P=0.006),and reoperation(P=0.005)were found to be associated with a prolonged hospital stay.Conclusion:Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical resection for BTCs is not inferior to conventional laparoscopy in short-term safety and may further reduce conversion rates and hospital stay.Its technical advantages may be particularly valuable in anatomically complex or challenging cases.Nonetheless,cost-effectiveness and resource allocation should be considered for wider adoption.

Objective To investigate the weight loss efficacy and mechanisms of oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite,and to provide new approaches for obesity treatment.Methods Twenty-three SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=3)and modeling group(n=20).The control group was fed an ordinary diet for 6 consecutive weeks,and the modeling group was fed a high-fat diet for 6 consecutive weeks to establish a simple obesity rat model.After successful modeling,the modeling group was randomly divided into model group(n=10)and treatment group(n=10).The treatment group started anoint-and-massage therapy with oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite(3 g per rat per time,once a day,20 min each time),which was recorded as day 1.The control group and model group were not treated with oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite but received the same massage,and continued to be fed ordinary feed and high-fat feed respectively.Ten rats in the model group and ten in the treatment group were each divided into 3 groups,with 3,3,and 4 rats in each group.On days 3,6,and 9 after treatment,the rats in the three groups were weighed and cardiac blood collection was performed after isoflurane respiratory anesthesia.After euthanasia by cardiac bloodletting,abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue(aSAT)and perirenal white adipose tissue(pWAT)samples were collected and weighed.Serum triglycerides(TG)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were measured.Image J software was used to measure aSAT thickness and the diameter and area of perirenal white adipocytes and abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes.Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the number of telocytes(TCs),cell junctions and exosomes per unit area of aSAT.Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the length of telopodes(Tps)of dermal and subcutaneous TCs in abdominal skin,and to observe the distribution of exosome vesicles,rough endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria,and cell junctions.Results Compared with the control group,the body weight of rats in the modeling group increased significantly(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,rats in the model group showed a significant increase in serum TG level,a significant decrease in HDL-C level,and a significant increase in pWAT mass(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed a significantly increased rate of body weight reduction,significantly decreased pWAT mass,significantly decreased serum TG level,and significantly increased HDL-C level(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed significant reductions in aSAT thickness,as well as cell diameter and area in both aSAT and pWAT(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the treatment group showed significantly increased number of TCs per unit area of aSAT,number of exosomes from TCs in aSAT,and Tps length(all P＜0.05).The treatment group showed an increasing trend in the numbers of mitochondria,rough endoplasmic reticulum,and cell junctions in TCs.Conclusion Oligopeptide-herbal medicine composite applied via anoint-and-massage therapy effectively improves obesity-related symptoms such as dyslipidemia and fat accumulation in obese rats by regulating TCs and their intercellular communication.

Currently,a wide range of oral antibacterial materials are clinically used,including metal element antibacterial materials(such as silver,zinc,copper,titanium),and non-metal element antibacterial materials(such as fluorine).In recent years,cerium ox-ide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in the field of oral medicine due to their unique antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxi-dant,redox capabilities.At the same time,they also have the characteristics of promoting tissue regeneration,inhibiting biofilm forma-tion and good biocompatibility.To enhance the performance of oral materials,nanoparticles have been integrated into products such as composite resins,adhesives,and denture systems.Additionally,they have shown potential for modifying oral ceramic materials and an-ti-tumor effects.This review focuses on the latest research progress in various fields of oral medicine,including endodontics,periodon-tology,implantology,prosthodontics,and orthodontics,based on the biological characteristics of nano-cerium oxide.Our goal is to re-veal the potential of cerium oxide in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases and to provide ideas and references for the expansion of clinical applications in oral medicine.

Objective To explore the failure criterion that can accurately simulate the tensile and compressive fracture of hollow cortical bone structure.Methods Based on the previous compression and bending experimental data,the predicted results using different failure criteria were compared to determine the simulation accuracy.Results Under the compressive load,the differences in the fracture load between the simulations using the equivalent and invariant strain failure criteria and the experiment were less than 5％,indicating that these two failure criteria were suitable for predicting the cortical bone failure;under the bending load,the differences in the fracture load between the simulations using the equivalent and invariant strain failure criteria and the experiment were less than 5％,indicating that these two failure criteria could accurately predict the failure process.Conclusions The prediction accuracy using different failure criteria mainly depends on whether the strain growth rate conforms to the actual bone deformation.Too fast or too low strain growth rate will lead to premature or delayed structural fracture.The fracture simulation adopted in this study is suitable for most cortical bone structures,and can be used to determine the suitable failure criterion under different loads,so as to assist in obtaining the strength limit of cortical bone in various parts and provide data support for improving the simulation accuracy and grasping the condition of fracture occurrence in clinical practice.

Gastric cancer is a highly lethal malignant tumor, with early diagnosis being difficult and treatment outcomes influenced by multiple factors. In recent years, comprehensive treatment approach, incorporating surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immuno-therapy, has significantly improved efficacy. The advantages of comprehensive treatment are most important in patients with locally advanced and metastatic gastric cancer. For locally advanced cases, surgery serves as the core treatment, with various therapeutic modalities applied during the peri-operative period to enhance surgical outcomes. For metastatic patients, drug therapy is the primary method, supplemented by local treatments to achieve the best benefit. With the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cancer development, the use of molecular biomarkers for prognostic stratification and guidance for targeted therapy or immuno-therapy has become a crucial aspect of comprehensive treatment. Based on the latest research advancements, the authors discuss comprehensive treatment strategies for gastric cancer at different stages, offering insights into impro-ving efficacy and prognosis.

The profound integration of novel qualitative productive forces throughout the entire process of diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal cancer has catalyzed innovative advance-ments in surgical techniques and postoperative rehabilitation. In the field of minimally invasive resection, technological innovations, from laparoscopic surgery to robot-assisted surgical systems that transcend traditional visual and operational limitations, and further to the integration of artificial intelligence and 5G technologies that overcome spatiotemporal barriers for real-time decision-making and telemedicine, have significantly enhanced the precision and safety of gastrointestinal tumor surgery. Concurrently, the development of innovative medical devices plays a pivotal role in improving perioperative and postoperative rehabilitation efficiency. Functional device design focuses on addressing the holistic needs of patients throughout their clinical journey, systematically resolving efficiency and safety bottlenecks inherent in conventional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Technological progress has further enabled non-invasive, convenient remote health management for patients. Novel qualitative productive forces not only redefine surgical paradigms but also deliver efficient, safe, and patient-centered diagnostic and therapeutic experiences through comprehensive innovation across all treatment phases. This evolution marks a critical breakthrough in modern medicine's transition toward intelligence and systematization, heralding a new era of intelligent healthcare delivery.