By systematically reviewing the concept evolution of pre-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （pre-COPD） and the research status of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， as well as considering the clinical practice， this paper puts forward the strategies for the prevention and treatment of pre-COPD with TCM. These strategies include identifying high-risk groups by combining TCM syndrome and constitution， advocating the principle of "treating disease before it arises" and promoting the combination of syndrome differentiation and constitution evaluation to achieve individualized intervention， promoting collaboration between TCM and western medicine， supported by digital and intelligent technologies， to establish a whole-process management mode of "hospital-community-family". The aim is to realize the early diagnosis， early intervention and whole-process management of pre-COPD， thereby helping reduce the incidence of COPD.

Since the introduction of monoamine oxidase and monoamine neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of major depression in the 1950s, their strengths and limitations have been fully and accurately determined. Therefore, the development of novel drugs for the treatment of depression has become a priority for researchers who aim to address treatment resistance and improve patient outcomes. Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (P. ginseng, Ren Shen) is a Chinese medicine used to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. Numerous studies have shown that ginsenosides, the primary active constituents of P. ginseng, exert a wide range of effects on the central nervous system. Recent studies have demonstrated that ginsenosides possess significant antidepressant properties in animal models. Ginsenosides, such as Rb1 and Rg1, are steroidal molecules, and steroid derivatives have been successfully used in anesthesia, epilepsy, and more recently, postpartum depression treatment. Based on these findings, ginsenosides are promising candidates for the treatment of depression. This raises the following question: What are the prospects of using ginsenosides to treat depression? To gain a clearer understanding, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent research on the antidepressant potential of ginsenosides, along with insights and suggestions for future development in this field.

Purpose To explore the role of translesion synthesis-related gene NmrA like redox sensor 1(NMRAL1)in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Bioinformatics analysis was em-ployed to investigate the expression of the NMRAL1 gene across various cancer types and its correlation with prognosis.Immunohistochemistry was utilized to analyze the expression pattern of NMRAL1 in PTC and conduct clinicopathological correlation analysis.Additionally,stable cell lines overexpressing NMRAL1 were established in TPC-1 cells.The effects of NMRAL1 overexpression on cell proliferation,migration,and invasion of TPC-1 and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were assessed using CCK-8 assay,clonogenic assay,Transwell assay,and scratch assay,respectively.Furthermore,RT-qPCR experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory effect of NMRAL1 on the expression of genes associated with translesion DNA synthesis.Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that NMRAL1 was highly expressed in all 26 types of tumors compared to normal tissues in the TCGA x GTEx dataset.Patients with high expression of NMRAL1 in thyroid cancer had significantly lower survival rates than those with low expression(P＜0.05).In the immunohisto-chemical validation of 30 PTC samples,NMRAL1 had a positive rate of 73.33％,in PTC tissues,while it was not ex-pressed in adjacent normal thyroid tissues.The staining intensity scores of NMRAL1 in PTC and adjacent tissues exhib-it significant differences(P＜0.000 1).High expression of NMRAL1 was associated with the size of the tumor(P=0.027 4)and lymph node metastasis(P=0.044 1).In vitro functional experiments revealed a significant enhance-ment in both cell proliferation and migration/invasion capacities upon overexpression of NMRAL1(P＜0.05).Moreo-ver,mRNA and protein expression levels of translesion synthesis-related genes were upregulated(P＜0.001).Con-clusion NMRAL1 promotes proliferation and migration of thyroid carcinoma cells,suggesting that this function may be achieved by enhancing DNA damage repair capacity,thereby improving the survival of damaged cells.

Sarcopenia is a systemic disease characterized by accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function,leading to an increased incidence of adverse outcomes such as falls and fractures.Sarcopenia is classified into primary and secondary types,with primary sarcopenia being closely related to aging and posing a serious threat to a healthy life among the elderly.Sarcopenia has an insidious onset and is often overlooked in terms of its clinical treatment.Its pathogenesis is complex,involving functional changes and pathological alterations in multiple systems,and presenting major research challenges.Cell models can effectively be used to simulate the pathological changes of diseases under controllable conditions,thus facilitating the investigation of the etiology and factors influencing sarcopenia,and providing an important approach for in-depth studies of its mechanism;however,there is currently no standardized cell model in the field of sarcopenia research.Commonly used cell models currently include models involving protein metabolism interventions,oxidative stress,and inflammatory response interventions.This review considers the commonly used skeletal muscle cell types and modeling method of sarcopenia,to provide a solid foundation and important method ological reference for further simulation of the pathological process of sarcopenia in subsequent experimental studies.

This report presents a rare case of viral encephalitis resulting from co-infection with human herpesvirus 7(HHV-7)and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)in a 16-year-old patient with Crohn's disease following adalimumab therapy.The patient was treated with adalimumab,with an initial subcutaneous dose of 160 mg,followed by 80 mg at week 2,and maintenance doses of 40 mg every two weeks,three months after initiating treatment,the patient developed symptoms including headache,diplopia,and signs of intracranial hypertension.Metagenomic sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid identified HHV-7 and EBV as the causative pathogens,with cranial magnetic resonance imaging supporting the diagnosis of viral encephalitis.Targeted antiviral therapy and supportive care led to significant resolution of neurological symptoms.Using the Naranjo's Assessment Scale,the association between adalimumab and viral encephalitis was evaluated,yielding a score of 5,indicating a"probable"causal link.This case underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring for rare central nervous system viral infections in patients with Crohn's disease receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.

Sarcopenia is a systemic disease characterized by accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function,leading to an increased incidence of adverse outcomes such as falls and fractures.Sarcopenia is classified into primary and secondary types,with primary sarcopenia being closely related to aging and posing a serious threat to a healthy life among the elderly.Sarcopenia has an insidious onset and is often overlooked in terms of its clinical treatment.Its pathogenesis is complex,involving functional changes and pathological alterations in multiple systems,and presenting major research challenges.Cell models can effectively be used to simulate the pathological changes of diseases under controllable conditions,thus facilitating the investigation of the etiology and factors influencing sarcopenia,and providing an important approach for in-depth studies of its mechanism;however,there is currently no standardized cell model in the field of sarcopenia research.Commonly used cell models currently include models involving protein metabolism interventions,oxidative stress,and inflammatory response interventions.This review considers the commonly used skeletal muscle cell types and modeling method of sarcopenia,to provide a solid foundation and important method ological reference for further simulation of the pathological process of sarcopenia in subsequent experimental studies.

This report presents a rare case of viral encephalitis resulting from co-infection with human herpesvirus 7(HHV-7)and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)in a 16-year-old patient with Crohn's disease following adalimumab therapy.The patient was treated with adalimumab,with an initial subcutaneous dose of 160 mg,followed by 80 mg at week 2,and maintenance doses of 40 mg every two weeks,three months after initiating treatment,the patient developed symptoms including headache,diplopia,and signs of intracranial hypertension.Metagenomic sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid identified HHV-7 and EBV as the causative pathogens,with cranial magnetic resonance imaging supporting the diagnosis of viral encephalitis.Targeted antiviral therapy and supportive care led to significant resolution of neurological symptoms.Using the Naranjo's Assessment Scale,the association between adalimumab and viral encephalitis was evaluated,yielding a score of 5,indicating a"probable"causal link.This case underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring for rare central nervous system viral infections in patients with Crohn's disease receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.

Purpose To explore the role of translesion synthesis-related gene NmrA like redox sensor 1(NMRAL1)in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Bioinformatics analysis was em-ployed to investigate the expression of the NMRAL1 gene across various cancer types and its correlation with prognosis.Immunohistochemistry was utilized to analyze the expression pattern of NMRAL1 in PTC and conduct clinicopathological correlation analysis.Additionally,stable cell lines overexpressing NMRAL1 were established in TPC-1 cells.The effects of NMRAL1 overexpression on cell proliferation,migration,and invasion of TPC-1 and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were assessed using CCK-8 assay,clonogenic assay,Transwell assay,and scratch assay,respectively.Furthermore,RT-qPCR experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory effect of NMRAL1 on the expression of genes associated with translesion DNA synthesis.Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that NMRAL1 was highly expressed in all 26 types of tumors compared to normal tissues in the TCGA x GTEx dataset.Patients with high expression of NMRAL1 in thyroid cancer had significantly lower survival rates than those with low expression(P＜0.05).In the immunohisto-chemical validation of 30 PTC samples,NMRAL1 had a positive rate of 73.33％,in PTC tissues,while it was not ex-pressed in adjacent normal thyroid tissues.The staining intensity scores of NMRAL1 in PTC and adjacent tissues exhib-it significant differences(P＜0.000 1).High expression of NMRAL1 was associated with the size of the tumor(P=0.027 4)and lymph node metastasis(P=0.044 1).In vitro functional experiments revealed a significant enhance-ment in both cell proliferation and migration/invasion capacities upon overexpression of NMRAL1(P＜0.05).Moreo-ver,mRNA and protein expression levels of translesion synthesis-related genes were upregulated(P＜0.001).Con-clusion NMRAL1 promotes proliferation and migration of thyroid carcinoma cells,suggesting that this function may be achieved by enhancing DNA damage repair capacity,thereby improving the survival of damaged cells.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) can collect and analyze the brain signals and provide direct communication between the brain and various external devices. Based on the maturity of neurointerventional technology, endovascular BCI has emerged and gained widespread attention due to its minimally invasive and efficient advantages. This article reviews the concept, feasibility, safety and application of endovascular BCI in nervous system related diseases, in order to strengthen the understanding of scientific research or clinical medical staff and provide reference for follow-up research.

Arsenic is a widely occurring metalloid element in the natural environment and is one of the primary carcinogens identified by the World Health Organization (WHO), but the specific carcinogenic mechanism is currently unclear. In recent years, through toxicological studies on arsenic, it has been found that exposure to arsenic can affect cellular metabolism in the body, which may be closely related to the carcinogenic mechanism of arsenic. Therefore, the authors review the research progress on arsenic exposure-induced effects on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis.