BACKGROUND:Activation of nuclear factor-κB/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)signaling leads to endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,and plays a key role in the initiation of lipid metabolism disorders and arteriosclerosis.However,currenty,the effect of walnut oil and peanut oil on skeletal muscle inflammatory factors in arteriosclerotic rats remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect and mechanism of walnut oil and peanut oil on atherosclerosis.METHODS:Forty 8-week-old SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=10)and high fat group(n=30)after 1 week of adaptive feeding.The atherosclerosis model was established by high-fat diet combined with vitamin D3 injection.The rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into model group(n=10),peanut oil group(n=8)and walnut oil group(n=8).The latter two groups were gavaged with peanut oil or walnut oil for 4 weeks(5 days/week,1.2 g/kg per day).After the intervention,ELISA was used to detect the related indexes of blood lipids in rats.The morphological changes of aorta were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The RT-qPCR and western blot assay were used to detect nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,Caspase-1,interleukin-1β,interleukin-18 mRNA and nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,interleukin-1β protein expression levels in skeletal muscle.The protein expressions of nuclear factor-κB and NLRP3 were detected by immunofluorescence immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the normal control group,the aortic wall of rats in the model group was thickened,the damage and lipid precipitation were more serious,the blood lipid levels and arteriosclerosis index were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,Caspase-1,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-18,and the protein expressions of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,and interleukin-1β in skeletal muscle were significantly increased(P＜0.01).(2)Compared with model group,the vulnerable area of aortic tissue in peanut oil group and walnut oil group was significantly reduced,the levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum,and atherosclerosis index were decreased(P＜0.01),and the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,Caspase-1,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-18 and the protein expressions of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,and interleukin-1β in skeletal muscle were significantly decreased(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).(3)Compared with peanut oil group,the serum total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in walnut oil group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and the mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,Caspase-1,interleukin-18,and the protein levels of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,interleukin-1β decreased significantly in skeletal muscle(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).It is concluded that both peanut oil and walnut oil have ameliorative effect on atherosclerotic damage,which may be related to nuclear factor-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway,and walnut oil has better ameliorative effect than peanut oil.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effect and potential mechanism of imperatorin(IMP)on doxorubicin(DOX)resistance in breast cancer.METHODS The effects of maximum non-toxic concentration(100 μg/mL)of IMP combined with different concentrations of DOX(12.5,25,50,75,100 μg/mL)on the proliferation of MCF-7/DOX cells were determined by MTT method.MCF-7/DOX cells were divided into blank control group(1‰ dimethyl sulfoxide),DOX group(50 μg/mL),IMP+DOX group(100 μg/mL IMP+50 μg/mL DOX)and IMP group(100 μg/mL).mRNA and protein expressions of multidrug resistance protein 1(MDR1)and multidrug resistance-associated protein l in each group were measured.The relevant pathways and targets involved in the improvement of DOX resistance in breast cancer cells by IMP were screened and validated by using transcriptome sequencing technology,along with gene ontology(GO)enrichment analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.RESULTS Compared with DOX alone,the combination of IMP and DOX reduced the half inhibitory concentration of DOX on MCF-7/DOX cells from 81.965 μg/mL to 43.170 μg/mL,the reverse fold was 1.90,and the mRNA expression of MDR1 was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05).The results of GO enrichment analyses and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the reversal of DOX resistance in breast cancer by IMP was mainly associated with the regulation of biological processes such as detoxification,multiple biological processes,and cell killing.The main pathway involved was the p53 signaling pathway,and the key targets mainly included constitutively photomorphogenic protein 1(COP1),cyclin E1(CCNE1),growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45A(GADD45A)and GADD45B.The results of the verification experiments showed that compared with DOX group,there was a trend of up-regulation of COP1 mRNA,and significant down-regulation of CCNE1,GADD45A,and GADD45B mRNA expression in IMP+DOX group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The effect of IMP in ameliorating DOX resistance in breast cancer is related to its regulation of COP1,CCNE1,GADD45A and GADD45B targets in the p53 signaling pathway.

External apical root resorption(EARR)is one of the most common side effects of orthodontic treatment.Contact with sur-rounding anatomical structures during tooth movement is a significant cause for EARR.However,a comprehensive review of factors leading to EARR due to direct contact of surrounding anatomical structures with the root apex during orthodontic treatment is still lac-king.This review summarizes the anatomical structures related to EARR,including alveolar bone,incisive canal,maxillary sinus,ad-jacent teeth,and bone islands.Alveolar bone,incisive canal,and adjacent teeth can directly cause EARR during orthodontic treat-ment,while the impact of the maxillary sinus and bone islands on EARR has not been discovered so far.Analyzing the anatomical structures around the tooth roots can help develop more effective methods to prevent or reduce the occurrence of EARR during orthodon-tic treatment.

BACKGROUND:Carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory factors play a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis.However,the effects of different exercise intensity interventions on carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats remain to be revealed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different exercise intensity interventions on carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS:Thirty-two 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=12)and modeling group(n=20)after 1 week of adaptive feeding.Rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus were prepared by high-fat diet and single injection of streptozotocin.After successful modeling,the rats were randomly divided into diabetic control group(n=6),moderate-intensity exercise group(n=6)and high-intensity intermittent exercise group(n=6).The latter two groups were subjected to treadmill training at corresponding intensities,once a day,50 minutes each,and 5 days per week.Exercise intervention in each group was carried out for 6 weeks.After the intervention,ELISA was used to detect blood glucose and blood lipids of rats.The morphological changes of skeletal muscle were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The mRNA expression levels of carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory cytokines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.The protein expression levels of carboxylesterase 1 and inflammatory cytokines were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal control group,fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin resistance index in the diabetic control group were significantly increased(P<0.01),insulin activity was decreased(P<0.05),and the mRNA and protein levels of carboxylesterase 1,never in mitosis gene A related kinase 7(NEK7)and interleukin 18 in skeletal muscle tissue were upregulated(P<0.05).Compared with the diabetic control group,fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and insulin resistance index in the moderate-intensity exercise group and high-intensity intermittent exercise group were down-regulated(P<0.05),and insulin activity was increased(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the diabetic control group,the mRNA level of NEK7 and the protein levels of carboxylesterase 1,NEK7 and interleukin 18 in skeletal muscle were decreased in the moderate-intensity exercise group(P<0.05),while the mRNA levels of carboxylesterase 1,NEK7,NOD-like receptor heat protein domain associated protein 3 and interleukin 18 and the protein levels of carboxylesterase 1 and interleukin 18 in skeletal muscle were downregulated in the high-intensity intermittent exercise group(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that compared with the diabetic control group,the cavities of myofibers in the moderate-intensity exercise group became smaller,the number of internal cavities was reduced,and the cellular structure tended to be more intact;the myocytes of rats in the high-intensity intermittent exercise group were loosely arranged,with irregular tissue shape and increased cavities in myofibers.To conclude,both moderate-intensity exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise can reduce blood glucose,lipid,insulin resistance and carboxylesterase 1 levels in type 2 diabetic rats.Moderate-intensity exercise can significantly reduce the expression level of NEK7 protein in skeletal muscle,while high-intensity intermittent exercise can significantly reduce the expression level of interleukin 18 protein in skeletal muscle.In addition,the level of carboxylesterase 1 is closely related to the levels of NEK7 and interleukin 18.

Objective To explore the trajectory of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women with assisted reproductive technology(ART),and analyze the influencing factors of each trajectory subgroups,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the management of psychological health during pregnancy in pregnant women with ART.Methods A total of 205 pregnant women who had conceived using ART were sampled from the obstetrics clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing from August 2023 to April 2024 using a convenient sampling method.The baseline data were assessed by general information questionnaire,Symptom Checklist-90,Distress Disclosure Index and Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire at 10-14 weeks gestation,and the follow-up information was assessed by Symptom Checklist-90 at 22-26 weeks of gestation and 34-38 weeks of gestation.Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract symptom clusters;the latent class growth mixture model was used to identify the track categories;the multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the track.Results 180 cases were finally included.By exploratory factor analysis,5,4 and 5 factors were extracted at 3 time points respectively.Trajectories of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women with ART is divided into 3 potential classes:low level-slow relieving group(28.89％),high level-significant increasing group(6.11％),medium level-slow increasing group(65.00％).Logistic regression analyses showed that duration of infertility,number of ART,literacy,pain self-expression and positive psychological capital were influential factors in the potential categories of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women conceived with ART(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The trajectory of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women with ART was divided into 3 potential classes.Medical workers could develop corresponding interventions based on the influencing factors and implement comprehensive and efficient symptom management.

External apical root resorption(EARR)is one of the most common side effects of orthodontic treatment.Contact with sur-rounding anatomical structures during tooth movement is a significant cause for EARR.However,a comprehensive review of factors leading to EARR due to direct contact of surrounding anatomical structures with the root apex during orthodontic treatment is still lac-king.This review summarizes the anatomical structures related to EARR,including alveolar bone,incisive canal,maxillary sinus,ad-jacent teeth,and bone islands.Alveolar bone,incisive canal,and adjacent teeth can directly cause EARR during orthodontic treat-ment,while the impact of the maxillary sinus and bone islands on EARR has not been discovered so far.Analyzing the anatomical structures around the tooth roots can help develop more effective methods to prevent or reduce the occurrence of EARR during orthodon-tic treatment.

BACKGROUND:Activation of nuclear factor-κB/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)signaling leads to endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,and plays a key role in the initiation of lipid metabolism disorders and arteriosclerosis.However,currenty,the effect of walnut oil and peanut oil on skeletal muscle inflammatory factors in arteriosclerotic rats remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect and mechanism of walnut oil and peanut oil on atherosclerosis.METHODS:Forty 8-week-old SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=10)and high fat group(n=30)after 1 week of adaptive feeding.The atherosclerosis model was established by high-fat diet combined with vitamin D3 injection.The rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into model group(n=10),peanut oil group(n=8)and walnut oil group(n=8).The latter two groups were gavaged with peanut oil or walnut oil for 4 weeks(5 days/week,1.2 g/kg per day).After the intervention,ELISA was used to detect the related indexes of blood lipids in rats.The morphological changes of aorta were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The RT-qPCR and western blot assay were used to detect nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,Caspase-1,interleukin-1β,interleukin-18 mRNA and nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,interleukin-1β protein expression levels in skeletal muscle.The protein expressions of nuclear factor-κB and NLRP3 were detected by immunofluorescence immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the normal control group,the aortic wall of rats in the model group was thickened,the damage and lipid precipitation were more serious,the blood lipid levels and arteriosclerosis index were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,Caspase-1,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-18,and the protein expressions of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,and interleukin-1β in skeletal muscle were significantly increased(P＜0.01).(2)Compared with model group,the vulnerable area of aortic tissue in peanut oil group and walnut oil group was significantly reduced,the levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum,and atherosclerosis index were decreased(P＜0.01),and the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,Caspase-1,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-18 and the protein expressions of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,and interleukin-1β in skeletal muscle were significantly decreased(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).(3)Compared with peanut oil group,the serum total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in walnut oil group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and the mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,Caspase-1,interleukin-18,and the protein levels of nuclear factor-κB,NLRP3,interleukin-1β decreased significantly in skeletal muscle(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).It is concluded that both peanut oil and walnut oil have ameliorative effect on atherosclerotic damage,which may be related to nuclear factor-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway,and walnut oil has better ameliorative effect than peanut oil.

Objective To explore the trajectory of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women with assisted reproductive technology(ART),and analyze the influencing factors of each trajectory subgroups,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the management of psychological health during pregnancy in pregnant women with ART.Methods A total of 205 pregnant women who had conceived using ART were sampled from the obstetrics clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing from August 2023 to April 2024 using a convenient sampling method.The baseline data were assessed by general information questionnaire,Symptom Checklist-90,Distress Disclosure Index and Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire at 10-14 weeks gestation,and the follow-up information was assessed by Symptom Checklist-90 at 22-26 weeks of gestation and 34-38 weeks of gestation.Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract symptom clusters;the latent class growth mixture model was used to identify the track categories;the multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the track.Results 180 cases were finally included.By exploratory factor analysis,5,4 and 5 factors were extracted at 3 time points respectively.Trajectories of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women with ART is divided into 3 potential classes:low level-slow relieving group(28.89％),high level-significant increasing group(6.11％),medium level-slow increasing group(65.00％).Logistic regression analyses showed that duration of infertility,number of ART,literacy,pain self-expression and positive psychological capital were influential factors in the potential categories of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women conceived with ART(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The trajectory of psychological symptom clusters in pregnant women with ART was divided into 3 potential classes.Medical workers could develop corresponding interventions based on the influencing factors and implement comprehensive and efficient symptom management.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is defined as having a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥50% accompanied by elevated natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels or other evidence of congestion. HFpEF is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates and has surpassed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) to become the predominant form of heart failure. This article reviewed the definition, epidemiology, classification, diagnosis, pathology, comorbidities, and treatment of HFpEF, providing evidence for clinical research.

Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons. Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied, the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated. Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system, we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain. We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions, among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals. In regions such as the striatum and optic tract, even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected. Furthermore, in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations. Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.
Mice ; Animals ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology* ; Parvalbumins/metabolism* ; Parkinson Disease/pathology* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Interneurons/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Brain/pathology*