Gastric cancer has high incidence and mortality rate. Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for gastric cancer and has achieved considerable success. However, due to genetic variations and tumor heterogeneity, the effectiveness of chemothrapy drugs varies among different patients. Therefore, accurate assessment of patient’s sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs is crucial for personalized treatment. Gastric cancer organoids serve as effective tools for predicting patient’s sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. This review summarizes the applications and related research progress of gastric cancer organoids in determining chemotherapy drug sensitivity, discusses the strengths and limitations of organoid models, and proposes outlooks for future research directions, hoping that organoids can provide more effective personalized treatment options and a greater range of drug choices for gastric cancer treatment.

Maternal health during pregnancy has a direct impact on the risk and severity of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in the offspring, especially in the case of drug exposure. However, little progress has been made to assess the risk of drug exposure during pregnancy due to ethical constraints and drug use factors. We collected and manually curated sub-pathways and pathways (sub-/pathways) and drug information to propose an analytical framework for predicting drug candidates. This framework linked sub-/pathway activity and drug response scores derived from gene transcription data and was applied to human fetal brain development and six NDDs. Further, specific and pleiotropic sub-/pathways/drugs were identified using entropy, and sex bias was analyzed in conjunction with logistic regression and random forest models. We identified 19 disorder-associated and 256 regionally pleiotropic and specific candidate drugs that targeted risk sub-/pathways in NDDs, showing temporal or spatial changes across fetal development. Moreover, 5443 differential drug-sub-/pathways exhibited sex-biased differences after filling in the gender labels. A user-friendly NDDP visualization website ( https://ndd-lab.shinyapps.io/NDDP ) was developed to allow researchers and clinicians to access and retrieve data easily. Our framework overcame data gaps and identified numerous pleiotropic and specific candidates across six disorders and fetal developmental trajectories. This could significantly contribute to drug discovery during pregnancy and can be applied to a wide range of traits.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/metabolism* ; Male ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Fetal Development/drug effects* ; Drug Discovery/methods* ; Brain/metabolism*

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with spinal fractures with thoracic and lumbar fracture as the most common type shows characteristics of unstable fracture, high incidence of nerve injury, high mortality and high disability rate. The diagnosis may be missed because it is mostly caused by low-energy injury, when spinal rigidity and osteoporosis have a great impact on the accuracy of imaging examination. At the same time, the treatment choices are controversial, with no relevant specifications. Non-operative treatments can easily lead to bone nonunion, pseudoarthrosis and delayed nerve injury, while surgeries may be failed due to internal fixation failure. At present, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture. In this context, the Spinal Trauma Academic Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ankylosing spondylitis combined with thoracolumbar fracture ( version 2023) by following the principles of evidence-based medicine and systematically review related literatures. Ten recommendations on the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, classification and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture were put forward, aiming to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of such disorder.

Objective:To introduce a new technique of double eyelid blepharoplasty by manipulating the relocation and reconnection of aponeurotic flap with tarsus (Bridge Technique), which can achieve physiological, dynamic, natural-looking and minimal-scar double eyelids.Methods:From September 2018 to January 2020, subjects from the Han ethnicity who received double eyelid blepharoplasty using our "Bridge Technique" in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were included. The overall aesthetic outcomes were comprehensively graded as good, moderate and poor both by doctors and patients regarding on palpebral fissure, the smoothness of eyelid margin and double eyelid, evenness of incision, symmetry and relapse rate, respectively.Results:151 subjects, including 127 female and 24 male, were included. Their age ranged from 18-41 years old (mean, 27.1 years). At the follow-up of 6-month post-surgery, 90.7% (137 cases), 7.3% (11 cases) and 2.0% (3 cases) of their aesthetic outcomes were graded as good, moderate and poor by three single-blinded doctors, respectively. 86.1% (130 cases), 11.9% (18 cases) and 2.0% (3 cases) were graded as good, moderate and poor by the patients themselves. The overall follow-up period ranged from 6-18 months (mean, 12.7 months). The long-term outcomes were achieved to be stable without any complications.Conclusions:The "Bridge Technique" , which is the tarsal-fixation with aponeurotic flap linkage in blepharoplasty, has been proven as an effective technique for creating dynamic, stable, natural-looking and physiological double eyelids. In addition, it can also effectively avoid unsatisfactory corneal exposure rate which might be caused by the mild ptosis with poor levator function.

Objective:To introduce a new technique of double eyelid blepharoplasty by manipulating the relocation and reconnection of aponeurotic flap with tarsus (Bridge Technique), which can achieve physiological, dynamic, natural-looking and minimal-scar double eyelids.Methods:From September 2018 to January 2020, subjects from the Han ethnicity who received double eyelid blepharoplasty using our "Bridge Technique" in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were included. The overall aesthetic outcomes were comprehensively graded as good, moderate and poor both by doctors and patients regarding on palpebral fissure, the smoothness of eyelid margin and double eyelid, evenness of incision, symmetry and relapse rate, respectively.Results:151 subjects, including 127 female and 24 male, were included. Their age ranged from 18-41 years old (mean, 27.1 years). At the follow-up of 6-month post-surgery, 90.7% (137 cases), 7.3% (11 cases) and 2.0% (3 cases) of their aesthetic outcomes were graded as good, moderate and poor by three single-blinded doctors, respectively. 86.1% (130 cases), 11.9% (18 cases) and 2.0% (3 cases) were graded as good, moderate and poor by the patients themselves. The overall follow-up period ranged from 6-18 months (mean, 12.7 months). The long-term outcomes were achieved to be stable without any complications.Conclusions:The "Bridge Technique" , which is the tarsal-fixation with aponeurotic flap linkage in blepharoplasty, has been proven as an effective technique for creating dynamic, stable, natural-looking and physiological double eyelids. In addition, it can also effectively avoid unsatisfactory corneal exposure rate which might be caused by the mild ptosis with poor levator function.