Gastric cancer has high incidence and mortality rate. Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for gastric cancer and has achieved considerable success. However, due to genetic variations and tumor heterogeneity, the effectiveness of chemothrapy drugs varies among different patients. Therefore, accurate assessment of patient’s sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs is crucial for personalized treatment. Gastric cancer organoids serve as effective tools for predicting patient’s sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. This review summarizes the applications and related research progress of gastric cancer organoids in determining chemotherapy drug sensitivity, discusses the strengths and limitations of organoid models, and proposes outlooks for future research directions, hoping that organoids can provide more effective personalized treatment options and a greater range of drug choices for gastric cancer treatment.

In order to improve the teaching quality of stomatology standardized residency training, the method of PDCA cycle quality management was tried, and 8 stomatology teachers were evaluated by 4 rounds of improvements. The evaluation included theoretical knowledge teaching satisfaction, operational skills teaching satisfaction, teaching level, teacher quality assessment, teaching quality supervision group evaluation and other indicators. The comprehensive teaching ability of all the teachers recruited in this study was significantly improved after 12 months of PDCA cycle training. The results suggest that the application of PDCA cycle helps stomatology teachers to provide high quality training to residents and provide the reference for the management of clinical teaching.

Objective To compare different drainage methods after right hepatectomy. Methods From April 2017 to February 2018, 90 patients who underwent right hepatectomy at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University were prospectively randomized to the latex tube group (right subphrenic drain with a latex tube connecting to a collection bag, n=30), the silicone tube group (right subphrenic drain with a silicone tube connecting to a closed-suction, n=30) or the combination group ( right subphrenic drain with a latex tub, combined with a silicone tube, n=30). The amount of fluid collection after the operation, complications after surgery, recovery of liver function, and length of hospital stay after operation were compared. Results There were no significant differences in the clinicopathological features among the 3 groups, including gender, age, cirrhosis status, extent of hepatectomy, and blood loss (P＞0. 05). There were no significant differences among the three groups on the incidences of postoperative complications [ the latex tube group, 20. 0% (6/30); the silicone tube group, 23. 3% (7/30); the combination group, 16. 7% (5/30); P＞0. 05]. Ultrasonography showed significantly lower rates of subphrenic collection in the combination group compared with the latex tube group and the silicone tube group [16. 7% (5/30) vs. 63. 3% (19/30) vs. 53. 3% (16/30); P＜0. 05]. The rates of postoperative fever, serum total bilirubin, ALT and postoperative hospital stay were similar among the three groups (P＞0. 05). Conclusions Drainage using the combina-tion of a latex tube connecting to a collection bag and a silicone tube connecting to closed-suction after right hepatectomy significantly reduced postoperatively subphrenic collection and prevented infection of the collec-tion. However, the treatment strategy did not delay liver function recovery, prolong hospital stay nor increase post-operative infection rate.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of immediate fluid resuscitation and delayed resuscitation in patients with traumatic shock. Methods The patients with traumatic shock treated in the Critical Care Medicine Department of People's Hospital of Wenjiang District from March 2014 to March 2017 were selected. According to the number of admission cases,one hundred and twenty patients with traumatic shock were randomly divided into two groups,60 cases in each group. The control group was given early immediate fluid resuscitation,the observation group was given delayed resuscitation,and the blood coagulation and blood routine indexes of the two groups were compared before and after the fluid resuscitation in the two groups,and the amount of fluid rehydration and the fatality rate in the two groups of patients with 1 h shock were observed,and the incidence rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were compared. Results After treatment,the blood clotting and blood routine indexes of the two groups were improved (P<0. 05),of which the thromboplastin time (PT) ((11. 04±1. 17) s),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ((28. 12±5. 93) s) in the observation group in the observation group were lower than those of the control group( (15. 12±1. 26) s,(36. 17±9. 05) s) (t = -15. 37,-9. 81,P<0. 05),platelet countPLT) ((146. 92±16. 85)×109 / L) was higher than that of the control group ((114. 18±10. 69)×109 / L ) (t= -9. 77,P<0. 05),and the blood routine hemoglobin (Hb) ((112. 21±9. 46) g/ L),and the base surplus (BE)((-5. 30 ± 2. 45) mmol/ L ) were all higher than those of the control group ((92. 95 ± 11. 20) g/ L, (-8. 27±3. 53) mmol/ L ) (t= -11. 46,-8. 99,P<0. 05),blood lactic acid (BL) ((2. 79±1. 12) mmol/ L ) was lower than that of the control group ((3. 54±1. 37) mmol/ L) (t = -8. 99,P<0. 05). The volume of 1 h infusion of shock in the observation group ((569. 96±187. 34) ml ) was lower than that of the control group((1957. 35±204. 14) ml) (t = 8. 725,P<0. 05). The incidence of ARDS (3. 33% (2/ 60)),MOD(3. 33%(2/ 60)) and fatality(1. 67%(1/ 60)) were lower than those of the control group(8. 33%(5/ 60),6. 67%(4/60),6. 67%(4/ 60) ( χ2 = 2. 725,3. 214,2. 985,P< 0. 05) . Conclusion The early stage of traumatic shock delayed fluid resuscitation is conducive to the protection of the blood coagulation function of patients,to improve blood indicators,to reduce the amount of 1 h infusion and to reduce the incidence of ARDS and MODS.

Objective To study curative efficacy of euthyrox in treatment of hypothyroidism during pregnancy and its effect on levels of TSH , FT3 and FT4.Methods 100 patients of hypothyroidism during pregnancy who received therapy from June 2014 to June 2015 in our hospital were selected as research objects, and divited into control group and observation group,50 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Fugui Dihuang wan, while the observation group was treated with euthyrox on the basis of control group.Then the levels of TSH,FT3 and FT4, pregnancy outcome, neonatal adverse outcome, treatment outcome of two groups after treatment were compared.Results After treatment, the level of TSH in observation group was lower than the control group, the levels of FT3 and FT4 was higher than the control group ( P<0.05 ); Incidence of pregnancy complications in observation group was less than the control group [12.00%(6/50)vs 40.00%(20/40)](P<0.05);Total neonatal adverse outcomes [8.00%(4/50) vs 26.00%(13/50)](P<0.05); The total effective rate of observation group was statistically higher than that in the control group [96.00%(48/50) vs 80.00%(40/50)](P<0.05).Conclusion Euthyrox is well for hypothyroidism during pregnancy, which can improve TSH, FT3 and FT4 levels, relieve clinical symptoms.

Objective To investigate that butyrate-producing probiotic clostridium butyricum improves the intestinal epithelial barrier function in food allergic mice by regulating TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (Trek1) expression in intestinal epithelial cells.Methods An intestinal allergy mouse model was created,then the model construction effect was verified by detecting the related indicators by ELISA,flow cytometer.The change of small intestinal tissue permeability was detected by the Ussing chambers.The Trek1 expressions in mouse jejunum tissue in control group and allergy group were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescent method;in the Transwell system,T84 cells were used to establish epithelial cellular monolayer for exposing to the allergic mediators,the Trek1 mRNA and protein expression were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Then the allergic mice were grouped and treated by different methods including normal saline,SIT,SIT/SB,SB,SIT/CB,CB,SIT/CB/Spadin,the expression of mice intestinal Trek1,intestinal barrier function and allergic reaction indicators were detected.Results Compared with the control group,the small intestinal Trek1 protein and tissue expression level in the food allergic mice were significantly decreased,the intestinal mucosal permeability was significantly increased,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);after T84 cells exposing to the allergic mediators,Trek1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),but adding p38 inhibitor in advance could antagonize this change;the single use of SIT,clostridium butyricum and sodium butyrate could increase the intestinal Trek1 expression in food allergic mice,and alleviated the allergic reaction(P＜0.05),whereas the combined use of SIT and clostridium butyricum or sodium butyrate had more significant effect(compared with the SIT group,P＜0.05),moreover could significantly decrease small intestinal mucosal permeability and improved the intestinal barrier function(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sodium butyrate or butyrate-producing probiotic clostridium butyricum can restore the intestinal barrier function,alleviates the allergic reaction and strengthens the SIT curative effect in allergic mice by increasing Trek1 expression.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 combined with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in a mouse model and to analyze the possible mechanism.Methods Fifty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups and respectively given normal diet (ND group), high-fat diet (HFD group), HFD containing Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (HFD+L) (2.2×109 CFU/ml), HFD containing FOS (HFD+FOS) (4 g/kg per day) and HFD containing Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 and FOS for 16 consecutive weeks.Levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum samples from each group were measured.Expression of tight-junction proteins (Claudin-1 and Occludin), p38 and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) in intestinal tissues were analyzed.Results Compared with the HFD group, the HFD+FOS+L group showed decreased levels of TC, TG, LDL, LPS and DAO in serum samples, but increased serum HDL level (P<0.05).Moreover, combined treatment with Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 and FOS alleviated liver lipid deposition, significantly increased the expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin in intestine and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 (P<0.05).Conclusion Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 combined with FOS may increase the expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin through inhibiting the phosphorylation of intestinal p38, which is conducive to maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and alleviating NAFLD.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 combined with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice and its possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 50 male C57 mice were randomly and equally divided into five experimental groups. Group 1 received a normal diet (ND). Other four groups received a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish NAFLD models. In addition to HFD, group 3 received Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (2.2×10⁹ CFU/mL), group 4 received FOS (4 g/kg per day), and group 5 received Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (2.2×10⁹ CFU/mL) and FOS (4 g/kg per day). All groups received continuous intervention for 16 weeks. The following indices were measured for all groups after intervention: general condition, the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-γ in the serum and liver. The mRNA levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, nuclear factor (NF)-κb, insulin receptor (InsR), and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 were measured by real-time RT-PCR. The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and comparison between groups was made by Bonferroni method. Results: Compared with group 2, groups 3, 4, and 5 had significantly lower body weight, Lee's index, liver index, and the levels of blood glucose and insulin resistance (P < 0.05). The serum level of LPS in group 2 was significantly higher than that in the other experimental groups (group 1: 8.80 ± 0.85 U/L, group 3: 12.31 ± 1.01 U/L, group 4: 12.27 ± 0.98 U/L, and group 5: 10.17 ± 0.79 U/L vs group 2: 15.45 ± 1.14 U/L, F = 55.117, P < 0.001). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the serum and liver in group 2 were also significantly higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Group 2 had significantly higher mRNA levels of TLR4 and NF-κb in the liver than the other groups (F = 82.933, P < 0.001; F = 149.033, P < 0.001); however, it had significantly lower mRNA levels of InsR and IRS-1 in the liver than the other groups (F = 33.347, P < 0.001; F = 70.225, P < 0.001). Conclusion Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 combined with FOS can reduce the level of LPS in the blood circulation, inhibit activation of the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway, and reduce the release of inflammatory factor and the body's insulin resistance, so it can relieve NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the effects of two cholesterol-lowering probiotics, DM9054 (Lac-tobacillus Rhamnosus GG, LGG) in combination with 86066 (Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, LP), on the metabolism of bile acid via a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the possible mecha-nism. Methods Twenty-one SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups including control group, NAFLD model group and probiotics intervention group. Rats in the control group received normal diet. The rat model of NAFLD was established by feeding rats with chronic high fat diet (45% of calories derived from fat di-et) for 20 weeks. Rats in the probiotics intervention group were given high fat diet together with cholesterol-low-ering probiotics through oral gavage. General indexes of each group including body weight and the levels of tri-glyceride, cholesterol and CK18-M30 in serums samples were detected. The expression of cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxy-lase (CYP7A1), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast grwoth factor 15 (FGF15) and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transparter(ASBT) at mRNA level were de-tected by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression of CYP7A1, FXR in liver tissues and ASBT in ileum tissues. The expression of FXR in liver and ileum tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results Rats with NAFLD showed loss of body weight and decreased levels of the serological markers after treating with the probiotics (P<0. 05). Compared with the rats in model group, enhanced expression of CYP7A1 and inhibited expression of FXR in liver tissues, activated FXR-FGF15 pathway in ileum tissues as well as down-regulated expression of ASBT in ileum tissues were detected in rats receiving probiotics intervention (P<0. 05). No significant difference in the expression of FGFR4 at mRNA level was observed between NAFLD rats with or without probiotics intervention (P>0. 05). Conclusion Probiotics intervention might up-regulate the expression of CYP7A1 by suppressing the FXR path-way in liver tissues and inhibiting the expression of ASBT in ileum tissues. Treating NAFLD rats with cholester-ol-lowering probiotics could activate the FXR-FGF15 pathway in ileum tissues and enhance the metabolism of bile acid, which contributed to the alleviation of NAFLD.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on bone metabolism in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

METHODSA total of 82 AIDS patients who received HAART in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School during January 2012 and May 2016 were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into TDF group (n=41) and AZT group (n=41), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum calcium, serum phosphate and serum ALP levels in 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30-month during the treatment were analyzed in both groups.

RESULTSBoth TDF-based and AZT-based therapies significantly improved CD4(+) T-cell levels of the patients, and no significant difference was observed between the groups. Compared with the baseline, GFR [(120.71±62.85) vs(110.08±39.18) mL/min] and serum phosphate [(1.25±0.19) vs(1.22±0.21) mmol/L] levels rose after 6-month treatment in TDF group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); Serum ALP [99.0(79.5-124.0) U/L vs 80.0(60.5-96.0) U/L] and serum calcium [(2.32±0.12) vs(2.25±0.17) mmol/L] levels rose significantly (P<0.05). As treatment continued, the levels of GFR, serum calcium and serum phosphate declined, while the serum ALP number was still increasing. After 30 months of HAART, the level of serum calcium [(2.16±0.15) vs(2.25±0.17) mmol/L], serum phosphate [(1.06±0.17) vs(1.22±0.21) mmol/L], GFR [(98.13±30.43) vs (110.08±39.18) mL/min] declined significantly (P<0.05) in TDF group, while serum ALP [110.0(98.5-120.5) U/L vs 80.0(60.5-96.0) U/L, P<0.05] increased. In AZT group, serum calcium and serum ALP levels rose and GFR level was declined (P<0.05), while serum phosphate level was not significantly changed during the treatment (P>0.05). Compared with AZT group, there were greater changes on the levels of GFR, serum calcium, serum phosphate and serum ALP in TDF group.

CONCLUSIONHAART is effective for patients with AIDS, and TDF-based therapy may have significant impact on bone metabolism of the patients, which needs close monitoring and timely intervention or adjustment if necessary.