ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Xianglian Huazhuo prescription （XLHZ） in treating chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） by regulating cell cycle and inhibiting proliferation， using bioinformatics technology and animal experiments. MethodsDifferential expressed genes （DEGs） related to CAG were screened using GEO database and GEO2R tool. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA） was employed to search for hub genes of CAG. These hub genes were intersected with cell cycle proliferation based on GeneCards database. Eenrichment analysis of the intersecting genes was performed to obtain signaling pathways and biological processes related to CAG. Protein protein interaction （PPI） analysis of genes was conducted using the Protein Interaction Platform （STRING） database to search the super hub gene （hub 2.0）， and animal experiments were conducted for further validation. Fourteen of 70 male Wistar rats were randomly selected as the normal group， and the remaining 56 rats were prepared by the combined modeling method of "starvation disorder+N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG） + sodium salicylate". The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group， XLHZ-H， XLHZ-M， and XLHZ-L groups （36， 18， 9 g·kg^-1， respectively）， and Morodan group （1.4 g·kg^-1）. Each group was given corresponding intervention for 60 days. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa in rats. The ultrastructure of gastric mucosal tissue cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The relative expression levels of TGF-β₁， Smad2 and Smad3 proteins， S/G₂/M phase marker geminin and proliferation marker MCM2 were detected by Western blot in gastric mucosal tissue， and Spearman correlation analysis was performed. ResultsA total of 15 hub 2.0 genes were identified， including TGF-β₁， suggesting the involvement of the TGF-β₁ signaling pathway in the CAG pathogenesis. Compared with the normal group， the expressions of TGF-β₁， Smad2， geminin and MCM2 proteins in the gastric mucosa tissue of the model group were increased （P<0.05）， and the expression of Smad3 protein was decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the expressions of TGF-β₁ and geminin in the gastric mucosa were decreased in the drug groups （P<0.05）. The XLHZ-M group， XLHZ-H group and Morodan group had significantly decreased protein expression of Smad2 and MCM2 （P<0.05）. The protein expression of Smad3 was significantly increased in XLHZ-M， XLHZ-H， and Morodan groups （P<0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Smad3 was negatively correlated with other indicators， and positively correlated with other indicators （P<0.01）. ConclusionXLHZ may inhibit TGF-β₁/Smads signaling pathway， regulate cell cycle， and inhibit proliferation in the treatment of CAG.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Xianglian Huazhuo prescription （XLHZ） in treating chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） by regulating cell cycle and inhibiting proliferation， using bioinformatics technology and animal experiments. MethodsDifferential expressed genes （DEGs） related to CAG were screened using GEO database and GEO2R tool. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA） was employed to search for hub genes of CAG. These hub genes were intersected with cell cycle proliferation based on GeneCards database. Eenrichment analysis of the intersecting genes was performed to obtain signaling pathways and biological processes related to CAG. Protein protein interaction （PPI） analysis of genes was conducted using the Protein Interaction Platform （STRING） database to search the super hub gene （hub 2.0）， and animal experiments were conducted for further validation. Fourteen of 70 male Wistar rats were randomly selected as the normal group， and the remaining 56 rats were prepared by the combined modeling method of "starvation disorder+N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine （MNNG） + sodium salicylate". The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group， XLHZ-H， XLHZ-M， and XLHZ-L groups （36， 18， 9 g·kg^-1， respectively）， and Morodan group （1.4 g·kg^-1）. Each group was given corresponding intervention for 60 days. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa in rats. The ultrastructure of gastric mucosal tissue cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The relative expression levels of TGF-β₁， Smad2 and Smad3 proteins， S/G₂/M phase marker geminin and proliferation marker MCM2 were detected by Western blot in gastric mucosal tissue， and Spearman correlation analysis was performed. ResultsA total of 15 hub 2.0 genes were identified， including TGF-β₁， suggesting the involvement of the TGF-β₁ signaling pathway in the CAG pathogenesis. Compared with the normal group， the expressions of TGF-β₁， Smad2， geminin and MCM2 proteins in the gastric mucosa tissue of the model group were increased （P<0.05）， and the expression of Smad3 protein was decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the expressions of TGF-β₁ and geminin in the gastric mucosa were decreased in the drug groups （P<0.05）. The XLHZ-M group， XLHZ-H group and Morodan group had significantly decreased protein expression of Smad2 and MCM2 （P<0.05）. The protein expression of Smad3 was significantly increased in XLHZ-M， XLHZ-H， and Morodan groups （P<0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Smad3 was negatively correlated with other indicators， and positively correlated with other indicators （P<0.01）. ConclusionXLHZ may inhibit TGF-β₁/Smads signaling pathway， regulate cell cycle， and inhibit proliferation in the treatment of CAG.

Objective:To explore the association between dietary patterns and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), so as to provide insights for the prevention and management of T2DM.Methods:Participants were recruited from the " The Tianjin Chronic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study(TCLSIH)" cohort study from 2013 to 2018, who had completed the modified semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) and blood glucose testing( n=26 425), free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes at baseline. The relevant information collected includes food frequency, blood glucose concentration, and other confounding factors. In this study, the correlation between dietary patterns and T2DM was tested using Cox proportional risk regression model, and the gender stratification analysis and body mass index stratification analysis of different gender groups were carried out. All statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.3 software. Results:The age of all participants was (41.0±11.5)years, and the cumulative incidence was 3.84% for T2DM. The cumulative incidence of T2DM in male population was 5.29%, while that in female population was 2.16%. There were significant differences in the incidence of T2DM among different genders( P <0.001). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios( HR) and corresponding 95% CI of T2DM across the plant-based dietary pattern score were 1.09(95% CI 0.91-1.31), 0.80(95% CI 0.66-0.97), and 0.76(95% CI 0.62-0.94; Ptrend =0.010). Moreover, no statistically significant differences were observed between animal and traditional northern Chinese diets with the incidence of T2DM. Conclusions:The plant-based dietary patterns were associated with substantially lower risk of developing T2DM, and there were no significant association between animal and traditional northern Chinese dietary patterns with T2DM. Plant-based dietary patterns characterized by a variety of fruit, leeks, onions, seaweed may be beneficial to the prevention and control of T2DM.

Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/diagnostic imaging* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Body Mass Index

Objective To investigate the safety of young recipients undergoing living donor renal transplantation from elderly relative donors through long-term follow-up of the pathological changes. Methods According to the age of donors, 28 young recipients were divided into the observation group (n=14, elderly donors) and control group (n=14, young and middle-aged donors). The 7-year survival after renal transplantation, the serum creatinine (Scr) levels at various postoperative time points were compared between two groups. The chronic pathological injury scores of renal allograft biopsy at time-zero, postoperative 6-month and 7-year were compared between two groups. The expression levels of renal interstitial fibrosis indicators connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), cell senescence indicators intercellular connexin (Cx)-43 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) at postoperative 6-month and 7-year were compared between two groups. Results The 7-year survival rates in the observation and control groups were 78.5% and 92.8% with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). In the observation and control groups, the levels of Scr were 190 and 160 μmol/L at the postoperative 7 d, and 170 and 125 μmol/L at postoperative 1 month. At each postoperative time point, the levels of Scr in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P > 0.05). The total chronic pathological injury scores of renal transplant biopsy at time-zero in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P > 0.05), whereas the total chronic pathological injury scores at postoperative 7-year did not significantly differ between two groups (P > 0.05). Within either group, the total chronic pathological injury scores at postoperative 7-year was remarkably higher than those at time-zero and postoperative 6-month (both P < 0.05). The expression levels of CTGF, TGF-β, LN, FN, mTOR, Cx43 of renal transplant tissue at postoperative 7-year did not significantly differ between two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions The long-term follow-up outcomes demonstrate that the pathological changes of young recipients undergoing renal transplantation from elderly donors are similar to those from young and middle-aged donors. It is safe and feasible for young recipients to undergo renal transplantation from elderly donors in the pathological perspective.

Objective To study the pathological changes of renal grafts from elderly donor in young recipients and to investigate the safety of kidney transplantation from elderly donors.Methods Fourteen elderly kidney donors (with the age >55 years old)and fourteen young recipients (with the age <30 years old)underwent living related donor renal transplantation at the Department of Transplantation of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2008 to December 2008 were enrolled as the object of study.Every elderly donor kidney was performed time-zero biopsy and every young recipient was performed routine renal graft biopsy 6 months after transplantation.The pathological and structural changes of kidney tissues after renal transplantation from elderly donors were observed.Results The histopathological changes occurred at 6 months after transplantation from elderly kidney donors to young recipients.Compared with those before transplantation,the severity of renal arteriolar lesion and the index of renal arteriolar sclerosis alleviated after transplantation (P <0.05 ), and the ratio of glomerulosclerosis did not change after transplantation (P >0.05 ).The expression of fibronectin (FN)decreased after transplantation,but the difference had no statistical significance (P >0.05 ).The expression of laminin (LN ) decreased after transplantation (P <0.05).Conclusions The histopathological structure of renal graft from elderly donors in young recipients has improved.

Objective To investigate the application value of ImmuKnow immune cell function assay in monitoring of immune function changes after renal transplantation.Methods One hundred and six patients with uraemia undergoing renal transplantation in the Department of Organ Transplantation of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 201 3 to December 201 4 were included.Blood specimens were collected before transplantation and at the occurrence of infection or acute rejection during 1 2 months after transplantation.ImmoKnow was used to determine the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)content in CD4 +T cells.The ATP content of patients with renal transplantation at different clinical conditions were observed and compared,including periopreative group,stable group,acute rejection group and infecticn group (including severe pneumonia).The ratio of T cell subsets (CD4 +T cells,CD8 +T cells)and natural killer (NK)cells in peripheral blood were detected.Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect the association between ATP and the blood trough concentration of tacrolimus (FK506)and ciclosporin (CsA).Results The ATP content of the patients in the infection group was lower than that of the patients in the stable group (P <0.001 ).The ATP content of patients with severe pneumonia was lower than that of patients with other infections (P <0.05).The percentage of CD4 +T cells of the patients in the infection group was lower than that of the patients in the postoperative stable group (P <0.05 ). The ATP content was not associated with the postoperative blood trough concentration of FK506 and CsA.Conclusions ImmuKnow assay may be used to monitor the postoperative immune function of patients after renal transplantation.The detection of ATP content in CD4 + T cells has hinting and pre-warning function for postoperative infection,especially for severe pneumonia.

BACKGROUND:Chronic al ograft nephropathy is a complication of kidney transplantation and most of patients wil eventual y develop transplant kidney dysfunction. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as a low immunogenicity special cellpopulation have been shown to have differentiation, transdifferentiation, paracrine and other basic functions, which have been successful used in other clinical areas. Based on this characteristic, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may play a therapeutic role in chronic al ograft nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:To study the safety and feasibility of autologus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation via renal artery infusion and subsequent intravenous infusion guided by the digital subtraction angiography in the treatment of chronic al ograft nephropathy. METHODS:Eleven patients with chronic al ograft nephropathy who were confirmed from March 2011 to January 2013 were enrol ed, and then received transplant renal artery infusion once guided by the digital subtraction angiography and subsequent intravenous infusion twice of bone marrow mesechymal stem cells. Changes in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, cystatin C, 24-hour urine protein, andβ2 microglobulin in the blood and urinary were monitored in patients up to 1 year after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bleeding, transplant renal artery embolization, pseudoaneurysm and other related complications were not found in any of the 11 patients. The levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and cystatin C were significantly decreased at 1 week and 1 month after celltherapy (P<0.05), while after 3 months of treatment, there was no difference before and after treatment (P>0.05). The creatinine clearance at 1 week and 1 month after treatment showed a remarkable increase, which were significantly different from that before treatment (P<0.05), but after 3 months of treatment, the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The level of 24-hour urine protein was significantly decreased after 7 days of treatment (P<0.05), and no difference was found after 1 month (P>0.05). The level ofβ2 microglobulin in the blood and urinary had no changes before and after treatment. These findings indicate that guided by the digital subtraction angiography, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the renal artery infusion and subsequent intravenous infusion can improve kidney function of patients, but the celldosage and infusion method remain to be solved.