Objective: To analyze the implementation status and challenges of sex education in special education schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective promotion strategies. Methods: From November 2023 to January 2024, a census survey was conducted among 120 in service teachers from 7 special education schools in Luzhou. The questionnaire covered the current status of sex education in schools, teachers attitudes and knowledge toward sex education, and their coping methods for students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Results: About 77.5% of teachers reported having provided sex education to students, but 93.2% indicated a lack of specialized sex education textbooks for special children, 90.4% reported no full time teachers for sex education, and the methods of sex education were relatively limited (50.0% mainly based on lecture method). Nearly 95.8% of teachers held a positive attitude toward sex education, with 98.3% supporting its implementation. Only 26.7% of teachers demonstrated a good grasp of sex education knowledge, with the best understood topic being "recognition and protection of private parts" (21.6%). When dealing with students inappropriate sexual behaviors, the active response rate of teachers was 23.9%, with the highest active response rate observed for "intentionally hugging or kissing the opposite sex" (39.7%). Conclusions The special education schools in Luzhou lack comprehensive sex education curricula, teaching materials and full time teachers, sufficient knowledge among teachers, and adequate proactive responses to students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Greater emphasis should be placed on sex education for special children, including the training of dedicated teachers, to provide comprehensive and high quality sex education services for special children.

The cellular and molecular components of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and their information exchange processes significantly influence the trends of anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, numerous studies have begun to evaluate TIME in the context of previous cancer treatment strategies. This review will systematically summarize the compositional characteristics of TIME and, based on this foundation, explore the impact of current cancer therapies on the remodeling of TIME, aiming to provide new insights for the development of innovative immune combination therapies that can convert TIME into an anti-tumor profile.
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Animals

Lung cancer is still one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. With the increase of its incidence and the development of medical technology, the overall survival of lung cancer patients has significantly extended compared to before. The incidence of brain and meningeal metastases from lung cancer has also been rising year by year, but patients with brain and meningeal metastases from lung cancer have a poor prognosis and a very high mortality rate, and the diagnosis is mainly based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other imaging examinations. However, the imaging features are diverse and the specificity is low, which makes it easy to be misdiagnosed and missed. Therefore, accurately identifying brain and meningeal metastases and timely targeted treatment is crucial for improving patient prognosis. This paper analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of a case of lung cancer with no obvious recurrence and metastasis in nearly 7-year long-term follow-up after radical lung cancer surgery, but the patient with abnormal behavior, impaired consciousness and epilepsy in the past 5 months, and multiple punctate calcifications in the brain found by head CT and MRI. This paper consider that the patient's mental and behavioral symptoms were caused by brain and meningeal metastasis of lung cancer after excluding infectious disease and ineffective treatment of autoimmune encephalitis, and further pathological biopsy and genetic detection confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) L858R gene mutation, and the patient's symptoms were significantly improved after targeted therapy by Osimertinib. This paper also searched the relevant literatures of brain calcifications in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, UpToDate, PubMed, etc., and found that intracerebral calcifications exist in a variety of diseases, including infectious, genetic and neurodegenerative diseases, vascular diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors. However, brain calcification in brain and meningeal metastases are often underestimated, and the consequent risk is misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Therefore, brain and meningeal metastases manifested as brain calcification should not be ignored in patients with a history of previous tumors.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective To establish an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPDQ) in human plasma and urine. Methods Plasma and urine samples (0.3 mL each) were mixed with 0.9 mL acetonitrile and dichloromethane, vortexed, and subjected to ultrasonic treatment to facilitate extraction. After centrifugation, the extract was collected, evaporated to dry powder under nitrogen, and reconstituted. Separation was performed on a C18 column, and detection was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with external standard quantification. Results 6PPDQ showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-25.00 μg/L in both human plasma and urine, with correlation coefficients of 0.999 5 and 0.999 7, respectively. The detection limits for plasma and urine were 8 and 6 ng/L, and the lower limits of quantification were 27 and 19 ng/L, respectively. The average recovery rates were 97.00%-100.00% for plasma and 90.00%-96.50% for urine. The within-run relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 4.35%-10.00% for plasma and 2.34%-11.11% for urine, while the between-run RSDs were 6.80%-8.46% and 2.60%-10.00%, respectively. Samples can be stored for seven days at 4 ℃ or -20 ℃. respectively. Samples can be stored for seven days at 4 ℃ or -20 ℃. Matrix effects ranged from 87.12%-99.27% for plasma and 91.00%-97.56% for urine. Conclusion The proposed method is simple, highly sensitive, and reproducible, and is suitable for the determination of 6PPDQ in human plasma and urine samples.

Metabolomics, including targeted metabolomics and non-targeted metabolomics, is a method to study endogenous small molecule metabolites in organisms. The process of metabolomics analysis generally includes sample collection and pre-treatment, sample detection, data preprocessing, metabolite identification, data statistical analysis, and others. At present, metabolomics technology has been applied to study toxicological mechanism of occupational hazards, early detection and diagnosis of occupational diseases, screening biomarkers of occupational exposure, and others. The application of metabolomics technology to explore the relationship between workers' metabolites and exposure to occupational hazardous, assess the potential impact of occupational exposure on workers' health, and search for ideal biomarkers or therapeutic targets is conducive to early warning and monitoring of occupational health hazards, and assistance in the early diagnosis and prognosis of occupational diseases.In the future, further research is needed in the field of occupational health using metabolomics to establish more complete and standardized workflows and experimental methods, combine big data technology to explore potential biomarkers, utilize metabolic information to provide precise occupational health services, and use artificial intelligence models for data mining and disease diagnosis in metabolomics.

Objective To analyze differential metabolites (DMs) in the urine of workers with occupational nickel exposure using non-targeted metabolomics, and to screen differential metabolic pathways. Methods A total of 30 nickel exposed workers were selected as the exposure group, and 30 administrative staff from the same factory were selected as the control group using the judgment sampling method. Urine samples of the individuals from the two groups were collected. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and non-targeted metabolomics were used to detect and identify metabolites. The differential metabolic profiles were compared between workers of the two groups, and key differential metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers were screened. The association of DMs and urinary nickel level were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results A total of 418 metabolites were identified in the urine of worker in the exposure and control groups. The result of principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares analysis showed that there were 128 DMs in the urine of workers in the exposure group compared with the control group. These DMs were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, carnitine synthesis, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolism pathways, including glycine and serine metabolism. The result of correlation analysis and ROC curve analysis revealed that 4-methylcatechol, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, 2-hydroxyphenylacetone sulfate, 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and decylbenzenesulfonic acid could be the potential biomarkers for nickel exposure (all area under the ROC curve >0.800). Conclusion There were significant differences in the urinary metabolic profiles of workers with occupational nickel exposure. The five DMs including 4-methylcatechol, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, 2-hydroxyphenylacetone sulfate, 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and decylbenzenesulfonic acid. These DMs could be potential biomarkers of occupational nickel exposure.

Biotoxins, which include bacterial, fungal, marine, plant, and animal toxins, are widespread in living and occupational environments, posing potential threats to human health. Rapid detection of biotoxins in blood is crucial for preventing health hazards and enabling timely disease diagnosis and treatment. Biosensors and immunoassay technologies have critical advantages in the rapid detection of biotoxins in blood. Common biosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance biosensors and fluorescent biosensors, enhance sensitivity and reduce detection limits through signal amplification. Common immunoassay methods, such as colloidal gold immunochromatography, fluorescence immunochromatography, and chemiluminescence immunoassay, improve detection efficacy and sensitivity through specific antibody-antigen binding and nanotechnology. However, current rapid detection technologies of bitoxins in blood face challenges such as matrix interference and insufficient specificity, and they fall short in high-throughput detection of multiple toxins simultaneously. Future developments should focus on improving sample pretreatment, innovating signal amplification methods, enhancing specificity on recognition of elements, and designing portable detection devices and high-throughput platforms for simultaneous toxin analysis. These advancements aim to improve the sensitivity and reliability of detection methods, providing more accurate and convenient solutions for biotoxin detection in blood.

Economic development drives the increase of endogenous demand,and Internet medicine integrates regional medical resources,expanding the fairness of the public's access to medical and health services.However,it is also accompanied an ethical crisis with the development of technology,which requires continuous standardization and practice.Starting from the principle of medical fairness,this paper sorted out the main advantaged characteristics of the development of Internet medicine from the aspects of data fairness,cost equity,opportunity equity,and educational equity.The existing ethical problems of Internet medicine were explored including unfair protection of ethical review mechanisms,unfair data collection of scientific and technological subjects,unfair distribution of benefits and risks,and unfair utilization of Internet medical resources.It also proposed the governance paths of compacting the subject responsibility,perfecting review and supervision,improving the sharing mechanism,bridging the digital divide,strengthening risk prevention,protecting the citizens'rights and interests,strengthening education and guidance,and increasing grassroots investment.

As an important part of the enteric nervous system(ENS),enteric glial cells(EGCs)play an important role in regulating intestinal homeostasis and maintaining intestinal health in hu-mans and animals.This review focuses on the role of EGCs in maintaining intestinal barrier homeo-stasis,maintaining gastrointestinal transit and motor function,regulating the niche of intestinal cells,and the role in the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases,hoping to provide new ideas for further research on the function and mechanism of EGCs in the intestine and the occur-rence,development and treatment of related intestinal diseases.

Objective To investigate the value of CT calcification type of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE)for predicting its lymph node metastasis.Methods Totally 100 patients with HAE confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively collected,among them 50 with lymph node metastases were divided into metastasis group,while the other 50 with lymph node reactive hyperplasia into non-metastasis group.Patients'general data,as well as preoperative CT findings,including the number,location,the maximum diameter and calcification type of lesions were compared between groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for clinical and CT features being significant different between groups to screen the independent predictors of HAE lymph node metastasis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the predictive efficacy of CT calcification type alone and combining with other independent predictors for predicting node metastasis of HAE.Results A total of 62 groups of lymph node metastases were detected in 50 patients in metastasis group,including 39 cases with single group lymph node metastasis,10 cases with 2 groups lymph node metastasis and 1 case with 3 groups lymph node metastasis.There were significant differences of location,the maximum diameter and CT calcification type of HAE lesions within liver between groups(all P＜0.05),which were all independent predictors of HAE lymph node metastasis(all P＜0.05).The AUC of CT calcification type alone and combining with other independent predictors for predicting node metastasis of HAE was 0.757 and 0.859,respectively,which were significant different(P=0.002).Conclusion CT calcification type of HAE could effectively predict lymph node metastasis,and the predictive efficacy might be improved by combining location and maximum diameter of HAE lesions.