Objective: To analyze the implementation status and challenges of sex education in special education schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective promotion strategies. Methods: From November 2023 to January 2024, a census survey was conducted among 120 in service teachers from 7 special education schools in Luzhou. The questionnaire covered the current status of sex education in schools, teachers attitudes and knowledge toward sex education, and their coping methods for students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Results: About 77.5% of teachers reported having provided sex education to students, but 93.2% indicated a lack of specialized sex education textbooks for special children, 90.4% reported no full time teachers for sex education, and the methods of sex education were relatively limited (50.0% mainly based on lecture method). Nearly 95.8% of teachers held a positive attitude toward sex education, with 98.3% supporting its implementation. Only 26.7% of teachers demonstrated a good grasp of sex education knowledge, with the best understood topic being "recognition and protection of private parts" (21.6%). When dealing with students inappropriate sexual behaviors, the active response rate of teachers was 23.9%, with the highest active response rate observed for "intentionally hugging or kissing the opposite sex" (39.7%). Conclusions The special education schools in Luzhou lack comprehensive sex education curricula, teaching materials and full time teachers, sufficient knowledge among teachers, and adequate proactive responses to students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Greater emphasis should be placed on sex education for special children, including the training of dedicated teachers, to provide comprehensive and high quality sex education services for special children.

The cellular and molecular components of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and their information exchange processes significantly influence the trends of anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, numerous studies have begun to evaluate TIME in the context of previous cancer treatment strategies. This review will systematically summarize the compositional characteristics of TIME and, based on this foundation, explore the impact of current cancer therapies on the remodeling of TIME, aiming to provide new insights for the development of innovative immune combination therapies that can convert TIME into an anti-tumor profile.
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Animals

Lung cancer is still one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. With the increase of its incidence and the development of medical technology, the overall survival of lung cancer patients has significantly extended compared to before. The incidence of brain and meningeal metastases from lung cancer has also been rising year by year, but patients with brain and meningeal metastases from lung cancer have a poor prognosis and a very high mortality rate, and the diagnosis is mainly based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other imaging examinations. However, the imaging features are diverse and the specificity is low, which makes it easy to be misdiagnosed and missed. Therefore, accurately identifying brain and meningeal metastases and timely targeted treatment is crucial for improving patient prognosis. This paper analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of a case of lung cancer with no obvious recurrence and metastasis in nearly 7-year long-term follow-up after radical lung cancer surgery, but the patient with abnormal behavior, impaired consciousness and epilepsy in the past 5 months, and multiple punctate calcifications in the brain found by head CT and MRI. This paper consider that the patient's mental and behavioral symptoms were caused by brain and meningeal metastasis of lung cancer after excluding infectious disease and ineffective treatment of autoimmune encephalitis, and further pathological biopsy and genetic detection confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) L858R gene mutation, and the patient's symptoms were significantly improved after targeted therapy by Osimertinib. This paper also searched the relevant literatures of brain calcifications in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, UpToDate, PubMed, etc., and found that intracerebral calcifications exist in a variety of diseases, including infectious, genetic and neurodegenerative diseases, vascular diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors. However, brain calcification in brain and meningeal metastases are often underestimated, and the consequent risk is misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Therefore, brain and meningeal metastases manifested as brain calcification should not be ignored in patients with a history of previous tumors.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective To establish an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPDQ) in human plasma and urine. Methods Plasma and urine samples (0.3 mL each) were mixed with 0.9 mL acetonitrile and dichloromethane, vortexed, and subjected to ultrasonic treatment to facilitate extraction. After centrifugation, the extract was collected, evaporated to dry powder under nitrogen, and reconstituted. Separation was performed on a C18 column, and detection was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with external standard quantification. Results 6PPDQ showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-25.00 μg/L in both human plasma and urine, with correlation coefficients of 0.999 5 and 0.999 7, respectively. The detection limits for plasma and urine were 8 and 6 ng/L, and the lower limits of quantification were 27 and 19 ng/L, respectively. The average recovery rates were 97.00%-100.00% for plasma and 90.00%-96.50% for urine. The within-run relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 4.35%-10.00% for plasma and 2.34%-11.11% for urine, while the between-run RSDs were 6.80%-8.46% and 2.60%-10.00%, respectively. Samples can be stored for seven days at 4 ℃ or -20 ℃. respectively. Samples can be stored for seven days at 4 ℃ or -20 ℃. Matrix effects ranged from 87.12%-99.27% for plasma and 91.00%-97.56% for urine. Conclusion The proposed method is simple, highly sensitive, and reproducible, and is suitable for the determination of 6PPDQ in human plasma and urine samples.

Economic development drives the increase of endogenous demand,and Internet medicine integrates regional medical resources,expanding the fairness of the public's access to medical and health services.However,it is also accompanied an ethical crisis with the development of technology,which requires continuous standardization and practice.Starting from the principle of medical fairness,this paper sorted out the main advantaged characteristics of the development of Internet medicine from the aspects of data fairness,cost equity,opportunity equity,and educational equity.The existing ethical problems of Internet medicine were explored including unfair protection of ethical review mechanisms,unfair data collection of scientific and technological subjects,unfair distribution of benefits and risks,and unfair utilization of Internet medical resources.It also proposed the governance paths of compacting the subject responsibility,perfecting review and supervision,improving the sharing mechanism,bridging the digital divide,strengthening risk prevention,protecting the citizens'rights and interests,strengthening education and guidance,and increasing grassroots investment.

Metabolomics, including targeted metabolomics and non-targeted metabolomics, is a method to study endogenous small molecule metabolites in organisms. The process of metabolomics analysis generally includes sample collection and pre-treatment, sample detection, data preprocessing, metabolite identification, data statistical analysis, and others. At present, metabolomics technology has been applied to study toxicological mechanism of occupational hazards, early detection and diagnosis of occupational diseases, screening biomarkers of occupational exposure, and others. The application of metabolomics technology to explore the relationship between workers' metabolites and exposure to occupational hazardous, assess the potential impact of occupational exposure on workers' health, and search for ideal biomarkers or therapeutic targets is conducive to early warning and monitoring of occupational health hazards, and assistance in the early diagnosis and prognosis of occupational diseases.In the future, further research is needed in the field of occupational health using metabolomics to establish more complete and standardized workflows and experimental methods, combine big data technology to explore potential biomarkers, utilize metabolic information to provide precise occupational health services, and use artificial intelligence models for data mining and disease diagnosis in metabolomics.

Objective To analyze differential metabolites (DMs) in the urine of workers with occupational nickel exposure using non-targeted metabolomics, and to screen differential metabolic pathways. Methods A total of 30 nickel exposed workers were selected as the exposure group, and 30 administrative staff from the same factory were selected as the control group using the judgment sampling method. Urine samples of the individuals from the two groups were collected. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and non-targeted metabolomics were used to detect and identify metabolites. The differential metabolic profiles were compared between workers of the two groups, and key differential metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers were screened. The association of DMs and urinary nickel level were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results A total of 418 metabolites were identified in the urine of worker in the exposure and control groups. The result of principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares analysis showed that there were 128 DMs in the urine of workers in the exposure group compared with the control group. These DMs were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, carnitine synthesis, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolism pathways, including glycine and serine metabolism. The result of correlation analysis and ROC curve analysis revealed that 4-methylcatechol, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, 2-hydroxyphenylacetone sulfate, 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and decylbenzenesulfonic acid could be the potential biomarkers for nickel exposure (all area under the ROC curve >0.800). Conclusion There were significant differences in the urinary metabolic profiles of workers with occupational nickel exposure. The five DMs including 4-methylcatechol, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, 2-hydroxyphenylacetone sulfate, 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and decylbenzenesulfonic acid. These DMs could be potential biomarkers of occupational nickel exposure.

Biotoxins, which include bacterial, fungal, marine, plant, and animal toxins, are widespread in living and occupational environments, posing potential threats to human health. Rapid detection of biotoxins in blood is crucial for preventing health hazards and enabling timely disease diagnosis and treatment. Biosensors and immunoassay technologies have critical advantages in the rapid detection of biotoxins in blood. Common biosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance biosensors and fluorescent biosensors, enhance sensitivity and reduce detection limits through signal amplification. Common immunoassay methods, such as colloidal gold immunochromatography, fluorescence immunochromatography, and chemiluminescence immunoassay, improve detection efficacy and sensitivity through specific antibody-antigen binding and nanotechnology. However, current rapid detection technologies of bitoxins in blood face challenges such as matrix interference and insufficient specificity, and they fall short in high-throughput detection of multiple toxins simultaneously. Future developments should focus on improving sample pretreatment, innovating signal amplification methods, enhancing specificity on recognition of elements, and designing portable detection devices and high-throughput platforms for simultaneous toxin analysis. These advancements aim to improve the sensitivity and reliability of detection methods, providing more accurate and convenient solutions for biotoxin detection in blood.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of serum bispecific phosphatase 1(DUSP1)ex-pression level in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism(APTE).Methods A total of 112 patients with APTE admitted to the hospital from March 2020 to July 2022 were enrolled as the observation group,and 50 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations in the hospital during the same period were en-rolled as the control group.The APTE patients were followed up for 6 months after treatment,and were grouped into a good prognosis group(90 cases)and a poor prognosis group(22 cases)based on their progno-sis.The serum DUSP1 relative expression level and pulmonary embolism severity index(PESI)score were compared among the groups before admission.Spearman correlation was applied to analyze the relationship between serum DUSP1 relative expression level and PESI score.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the predictive value of serum DUSP1 relative expression level and PESI score on the prognosis of APTE patients.Results Compared with the control group,the serum DUSP1 relative expres-sion level in the observation group was increased(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in serum DUSP1 relative expression level and PESI score among patients with different risk levels(P<0.05),the serum DUSP1 relative expression level and PESI score in high-risk APTE patients were higher than those in medium-risk patients(P<0.05),and those in medium-risk patients were higher than those in low-risk pa-tients(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum DUSP1 relative expression level was posi-tively correlated with PESI score(r=0.561,P<0.05).ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of DUSP1 and PESI score alone for predicting the poor prognosis in APTE patients was 0.789 and 0.867,with sensitivity of 65.8%and 86.8%,specificity of 44.2%and 67.2%,respectively.The AUC of the combination of the two for predicting the poor prognosis in APTE patients was 0.952,with sensitivity and specificity of 92.1%and 75.6%,respectively.Conclusion The serum DUSP1 relative expression level in APTE patients is elevated,and with the aggravation of the disease,the serum DUSP1 relative expression level gradually increases.DUSP1 is an effective indicator for predicting poor prognosis in APTE patients.

Objective·To systematically review the effectiveness of actigraphy on the evaluation of circadian rhythm characteristics in patients with depression.Methods·A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,PsycINFO,CNKI,WanFang Data,and Chinese biomedical literature database(CBM),from the inception of each database to May 5th,2023.Case control studies that used actigraphy to evaluate circadian rhythms in patients with depression and compared them with healthy controls were collected.Literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the quality of the included literature was evaluated by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software.Results·A total of 9 articles were included,including 390 patients with depression and 288 healthy controls.The meta-analysis showed that the MESOR(midline statistic of rhythm)(SMD=-0.29,95%CI-0.51 ?-0.07,P=0.009)of the circadian cosine function in patients with depression was lower than that in healthy controls;sleep onset(MD=33.06,95%CI 14.90 ? 51.23,P=0.000)and sleep offset(MD=53.80,95%CI 22.38 ? 85.23,P=0.000)were later in patients with depression than those in healthy controls;no statistical difference was found in the activity level of the most active 10 hours(SMD=-0.26,95%CI-0.52 ? 0.01,P=0.060)between patients with depression and healthy controls,although there was a trend for lower activity in patients with depression;no statistical difference was found in the acrophase(MD=25.33,95%CI-12.41 ? 63.06,P=0.190)of the circadian cosine function between patients with depression and healthy controls;no clear statistical significance of the difference was found in the amplitude(SMD=-0.14,95%CI-0.42 ? 0.14,P=0.340)and the activity level of the least active 5 hours(SMD=0.31,95%CI-0.10 ? 0.71,P=0.140)between patients with depression and healthy controls.Conclusion·Actigraphy can reflect circadian rhythm disruption in patients with depression to some extent,but the limited number of included studies and inconsistencies in the study populations and methodologies have affected the quality and results of the analyses.More high-quality clinical trials are needed to provide evidence.