Objective To investigate the alterations in metabolic molecules and pathways during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the lungs of mice induced by silica exposure. Methods A total of 30 specific pathogen-free male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group and a silicosis model group. Mice were intratracheally instilled with 40 µL of either 0.9% sodium chloride solution or silica suspension at a mass concentration of 125 g/L. At 7, 14, and 28 days post-exposure, five mice from each group were sacrificed to evaluate lung histopathological changes. The mRNA expression of EMT-related genes was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify metabolites in mouse lung tissues, and differential metabolites (DMs) and metabolic pathways were analyzed. Results Following silica exposure, lung tissues of mice in the silicosis model group showed progressively aggravated pathological changes, including increased inflammatory cell infiltration, thickening of alveolar walls, collagen deposition, and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, with typical silicotic nodules forming by day 28. The Ashcroft scores and the mRNA expression of cadherin (Cdh)2 and vimentin of mice in the silicosis model group increased (all P<0.05), along with decreased Cdh1 mRNA expression compared with the control group at all the three time points (all P<0.05). The Ashcroft scores and the mRNA expression of Cdh2 and vimentin of mice in the silicosis model group increased with the increase of observation time after silica exposure (all P<0.05), while mRNA expression of Cdh1 decreased (all P<0.05). Metabolomics analysis indicated that silica exposure specifically altered the expression of lipids and disrupted multiple metabolic pathways during EMT in lung tissues of silicosis model group mice,with glycerophospholipid metabolism being most obviously affected (P<0.05). Conclusion Silica exposure may induce EMT in mouse lung tissue, resulting in pulmonary fibrosis in a time-dependent manner. The underlying mechanism may be associated with silica-induced disturbances in glycerophospholipid metabolism in mouse lung tissue.

Objective:To summarize the application of digital health technology in swallowing rehabilitation for patients with head and neck neoplasms.Methods:Following the scoping review framework of Arksey and O'Malley, literature on the application of digital health technology in swallowing rehabilitation for patients with head and neck neoplasms was electronically retrieved from databases including the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, IEEE Xplore, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The search period was from database establishment to August 5, 2025.Results:A total of 21 articles were included. Types of head and neck neoplasms included oropharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, oral cancer, tongue cancer, laryngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, and others. The application forms of digital health technologies involved virtual reality technology, telemedicine systems, interactive mobile health APPs/digital health platforms, and wearable devices. Interactive mobile health apps/digital health platforms were currently the most widely adopted form, with some applications integrating wearable devices for physiological data monitoring. The main components of the intervention included guiding swallowing training methods, training monitoring/supervision and feedback, swallowing function screening/assessment, and health education.Conclusions:The application of digital health technology in swallowing rehabilitation for patients with head and neck neoplasms is still in its early stages, but its advantages in enhancing rehabilitation accessibility and promoting patient adherence have already begun to emerge. Nevertheless, it also faces challenges such as limited user-friendliness, insufficient personalized feedback, and a lack of humanistic care. It is necessary to further explore and develop personalized, precision-oriented intelligent swallowing rehabilitation systems tailored to the specific needs of swallowing rehabilitation for head and neck cancer patients. High-quality clinical studies should be conducted to validate long-term efficacy, thereby providing intelligent solutions for clinical nursing practices in swallowing rehabilitation for these patients.

Bipolar disorder(BD)is a chronic,recurrent mental illness characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood and state,clinically manifested as recurrent or alternating manic,depressive,and mixed episodes.The pathogenesis is complex and remains unknown,with neuroinflammation considered as a key factor in its development.In-depth research not only helps to understand the etiology,but also provides direction for the development of new therapeutic targets.This paper reviews recent studies on neuroinflammation in BD,discusses changes in peripheral and central inflammation and associated biomarkers,explores the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis,and briefly describes the mechanisms and potential of mood stabilizers and new therapeutic drugs in anti-inflammatory effect,aiming to suggest possible future research directions.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by multiple factors such as biology, psychology, and society. So far, there is a lack of specific biological markers for recognizing and diagnosing BD, and unmet clinical needs for diagnosis and treatment are widespread. This article summarizes changes in the diagnosis name and the progress of research in disease classification, epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of BD in the past decade in China and the world. It also discusses hot topics such as precision medicine, diagnostic biomarkers, and digital healthcare for BD, and proposes thoughts on future clinical practice and scientific research in BD.

Objective To explore the optimisation path of medical resource allocation efficiency improvement in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) hospitals under the synergistic effect of multiple factors,so as to provide powerful support for the balanced development of medical resources in TCM hospitals.Methods The comprehensive efficiency of resource allocation in TCM hospitals in 31 provinces (cities and districts) of China obtained by Data Envelopment Analysis was taken as the outcome variable,and with the help of Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis,it examined the configurations of efficient medical resource allocation,considering the following conditional variables:per capital Regional GDP,the proportion of fiscal allocation revenue to total income,the ratio of TCM practicing (assistant) physicians to all practicing (assistant) physicians,the average length of hospital stay for discharged patients,the number of total diagnosis and treatments per thousand population,and the number of hospital beds per thousand population.Results By analyzing the conditional patterns of efficient allocation of medical resources in TCM hospitals,three equivalent driving paths can be summarized,which are comprehensive service capacity,TCM advantage and hospitalization driving paths.Conclusion The overall level of medical resource allocation efficiency of TCM hospitals in China needs to be improved.In the future,efforts should be made to improve the comprehensive service capacity and operational efficiency of hospitals,give full play to the advantages of TCM,build a high-quality TCM talent team,reasonably shorten the average hospital stay,and improve the utilization efficiency of hospital beds.

Objective To explore the optimisation path of medical resource allocation efficiency improvement in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) hospitals under the synergistic effect of multiple factors,so as to provide powerful support for the balanced development of medical resources in TCM hospitals.Methods The comprehensive efficiency of resource allocation in TCM hospitals in 31 provinces (cities and districts) of China obtained by Data Envelopment Analysis was taken as the outcome variable,and with the help of Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis,it examined the configurations of efficient medical resource allocation,considering the following conditional variables:per capital Regional GDP,the proportion of fiscal allocation revenue to total income,the ratio of TCM practicing (assistant) physicians to all practicing (assistant) physicians,the average length of hospital stay for discharged patients,the number of total diagnosis and treatments per thousand population,and the number of hospital beds per thousand population.Results By analyzing the conditional patterns of efficient allocation of medical resources in TCM hospitals,three equivalent driving paths can be summarized,which are comprehensive service capacity,TCM advantage and hospitalization driving paths.Conclusion The overall level of medical resource allocation efficiency of TCM hospitals in China needs to be improved.In the future,efforts should be made to improve the comprehensive service capacity and operational efficiency of hospitals,give full play to the advantages of TCM,build a high-quality TCM talent team,reasonably shorten the average hospital stay,and improve the utilization efficiency of hospital beds.

Objective:To summarize the application of digital health technology in swallowing rehabilitation for patients with head and neck neoplasms.Methods:Following the scoping review framework of Arksey and O'Malley, literature on the application of digital health technology in swallowing rehabilitation for patients with head and neck neoplasms was electronically retrieved from databases including the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, IEEE Xplore, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The search period was from database establishment to August 5, 2025.Results:A total of 21 articles were included. Types of head and neck neoplasms included oropharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, oral cancer, tongue cancer, laryngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, and others. The application forms of digital health technologies involved virtual reality technology, telemedicine systems, interactive mobile health APPs/digital health platforms, and wearable devices. Interactive mobile health apps/digital health platforms were currently the most widely adopted form, with some applications integrating wearable devices for physiological data monitoring. The main components of the intervention included guiding swallowing training methods, training monitoring/supervision and feedback, swallowing function screening/assessment, and health education.Conclusions:The application of digital health technology in swallowing rehabilitation for patients with head and neck neoplasms is still in its early stages, but its advantages in enhancing rehabilitation accessibility and promoting patient adherence have already begun to emerge. Nevertheless, it also faces challenges such as limited user-friendliness, insufficient personalized feedback, and a lack of humanistic care. It is necessary to further explore and develop personalized, precision-oriented intelligent swallowing rehabilitation systems tailored to the specific needs of swallowing rehabilitation for head and neck cancer patients. High-quality clinical studies should be conducted to validate long-term efficacy, thereby providing intelligent solutions for clinical nursing practices in swallowing rehabilitation for these patients.

Abstract To understand the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), the present review aims to describe the burden and influencing factors of CVD, epidemiological characteristics and burden of ACEs, current research on the relationship between ACEs and CVD, and the mechanism of ACEs leading to CVD. It is proposed that further assessment of the relationship is warranted through identifying blood biomarkers, conducting prospective cohort studies and intervention studies. Such efforts would provide valuable scientific insights for primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease.

Objective To explore the mechanism of the gut-lung axis in paraquat-induced lung injury in mice, with a focus on analyzing the changes in intestinal gene expression and their potential roles. Methods Specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 wild-type mice were randomly divided into control, low-dose, and high-dose groups, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in the three groups received a single intragastric administration of paraquat solution at doses of 0, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight. The mice were euthanized on day 21. Lung histopathological changes were assessed, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the intestinal tissues of mice in these two groups were analyzed through transcriptomics. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to explore potential mechanisms of the gut-lung axis in paraquat-induced lung injury and fibrosis. Results Paraquat exposure induced dose-dependent pulmonary injury and fibrosis in the mice. The Ashcroft score of lung tissue was higher in the mice of low-dose group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Both the lung organ coefficient and Ashcroft score of lung tissues in the mice of high-dose group were higher than those in the control group and the low-dose group (all P<0.05). The result of transcriptomic analysis showed 146 DEGs, including 91 upregulated and 55 downregulated genes, in intestinal tissues of mice in the low-dose group, and 57 DEGs, including 47 upregulated and 10 downregulated genes in the high-dose group, compared with the control group. Notably, 19 DEGs were commonly altered in both low- and high-dose groups. The result of GO enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in biological processes including "immune response", "oxidative stress" and "cell differentiation". The result of KEGG enrichment analyses showed that DEGs were primarily involved in key processes including "oxidative stress response path way", "immune response path way" and "digestion and absorption path way". Conclusion Paraquat exposure alters intestinal gene expression, particularly in genes in biological processes related to immune responses and oxidative stress. These changes may mediate inflammatory signaling via the gut-lung axis and contribute to the development of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective: To analyze the implementation status and challenges of sex education in special education schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective promotion strategies. Methods: From November 2023 to January 2024, a census survey was conducted among 120 in service teachers from 7 special education schools in Luzhou. The questionnaire covered the current status of sex education in schools, teachers attitudes and knowledge toward sex education, and their coping methods for students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Results: About 77.5% of teachers reported having provided sex education to students, but 93.2% indicated a lack of specialized sex education textbooks for special children, 90.4% reported no full time teachers for sex education, and the methods of sex education were relatively limited (50.0% mainly based on lecture method). Nearly 95.8% of teachers held a positive attitude toward sex education, with 98.3% supporting its implementation. Only 26.7% of teachers demonstrated a good grasp of sex education knowledge, with the best understood topic being "recognition and protection of private parts" (21.6%). When dealing with students inappropriate sexual behaviors, the active response rate of teachers was 23.9%, with the highest active response rate observed for "intentionally hugging or kissing the opposite sex" (39.7%). Conclusions The special education schools in Luzhou lack comprehensive sex education curricula, teaching materials and full time teachers, sufficient knowledge among teachers, and adequate proactive responses to students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Greater emphasis should be placed on sex education for special children, including the training of dedicated teachers, to provide comprehensive and high quality sex education services for special children.