Sampling is the first stage of the DNA Typing in forensic science,and some studies found that the sampling technology affected the outcomes of"Contact DNA"testing.Since swabs are the most commonly used collection instrument for"Contact DNA",the researchers in forensic science field should pay more attention to study the collection efficiency of swabs.However,currently the majority of relevant research is focused on downstream testing processes,such as typing and amplification;the corresponding work on sampling performance by swabs is quite limited.Furthermore,the absence of an internationally recognized standard procedure makes it impossible to directly compare the collection results among laboratories.In this paper,a review on the use of swabs in the forensic science field is presented.It analyzes the collection efficiency,advantages and disadvantages of different swabs,and investigates the need and feasibility of developing a standardized method to evaluate the swab collection efficiency,for improving the sampling performance of swabs and ultimately increasing the detection rate of"Contact DNA"in forensic science.

Objective·To investigate the expression of serpin family E member 1(SERPINE1)in gastric cancer and its potential mechanisms in promoting gastric cancer.Methods·Pan-cancer analysis of SERPINE1 was performed by using the TIMER2.0 online website,and the differences in the expression of SERPINE1 in samples with different tumor stages of gastric cancer were analysed by the clinical data of gastric cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Survival curves were plotted.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect mRNA expression in paired samples of clinical gastric cancer tissues.The small interfering RNA(siRNA)transfection technique was used to knock down the expression of SERPINE1 in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell lines,and the migration and invasive abilities of gastric cancer cells were investigated by Transwell and invasion chamber experiments.The effects of SERPINE1 knockdown on the angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells were further explored by the migration assay of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)and tubule formation assay of HUVECs.The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)dataset was used for differential gene analysis in high and low expression groups based on the median value of SERPINE1 expression.The differentially expressed genes were further analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA).qRT-PCR was performed to verify the expression levels of key genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and angiogenesis.Results·Bioinformatics analysis showed that SERPINE1 was highly overexpressed in a variety of primary tumour tissues,including gastric cancer.SERPINE1 gene expression increased with increasing tumour stage(P<0.001),and increased expression of SERPINE1 was associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer(P<0.001).qRT-PCR results showed that SERPINE1 was significantly highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues(P=0.038).After knocking down SERPINE1,gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells had decreased migration and invasion(P<0.05).Gastric cancer culture supernatants from the SERPINE1-knockdown gastric cancer cell line reduced angiogenesis in HUVECs(P<0.05).Differential genes in gastric cancer patients in the SERPINE1 high-expression group in the GEO database were enriched in cancer-related pathways such as focal adhesion,extracellular matrix receptor interaction,and angiogenesis-related pathways like angiogenesis and the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)signalling pathway.The expression of SERPINE1 was negatively correlated with cadherin 1(CDH1),and positively correlated with other key genes related to EMT and angiogenesis.Moreover,the expression levels of key genes related to EMT and angiogenesis detected by qRT-PCR in SERPINE1 knockdown gastric cancer cell lines(P<0.05),were consistent with the correlation analysis results mentioned above.Conclusion·SERPINE1 expression is elevated in gastric cancer tissues,which could regulate the expression levels of key genes related to EMT and angiogenesis to promote the migration,invasion and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells.

Sampling is the first stage of the DNA Typing in forensic science,and some studies found that the sampling technology affected the outcomes of"Contact DNA"testing.Since swabs are the most commonly used collection instrument for"Contact DNA",the researchers in forensic science field should pay more attention to study the collection efficiency of swabs.However,currently the majority of relevant research is focused on downstream testing processes,such as typing and amplification;the corresponding work on sampling performance by swabs is quite limited.Furthermore,the absence of an internationally recognized standard procedure makes it impossible to directly compare the collection results among laboratories.In this paper,a review on the use of swabs in the forensic science field is presented.It analyzes the collection efficiency,advantages and disadvantages of different swabs,and investigates the need and feasibility of developing a standardized method to evaluate the swab collection efficiency,for improving the sampling performance of swabs and ultimately increasing the detection rate of"Contact DNA"in forensic science.

Objective·To investigate the expression of serpin family E member 1(SERPINE1)in gastric cancer and its potential mechanisms in promoting gastric cancer.Methods·Pan-cancer analysis of SERPINE1 was performed by using the TIMER2.0 online website,and the differences in the expression of SERPINE1 in samples with different tumor stages of gastric cancer were analysed by the clinical data of gastric cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Survival curves were plotted.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect mRNA expression in paired samples of clinical gastric cancer tissues.The small interfering RNA(siRNA)transfection technique was used to knock down the expression of SERPINE1 in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell lines,and the migration and invasive abilities of gastric cancer cells were investigated by Transwell and invasion chamber experiments.The effects of SERPINE1 knockdown on the angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells were further explored by the migration assay of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)and tubule formation assay of HUVECs.The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)dataset was used for differential gene analysis in high and low expression groups based on the median value of SERPINE1 expression.The differentially expressed genes were further analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA).qRT-PCR was performed to verify the expression levels of key genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and angiogenesis.Results·Bioinformatics analysis showed that SERPINE1 was highly overexpressed in a variety of primary tumour tissues,including gastric cancer.SERPINE1 gene expression increased with increasing tumour stage(P<0.001),and increased expression of SERPINE1 was associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer(P<0.001).qRT-PCR results showed that SERPINE1 was significantly highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues(P=0.038).After knocking down SERPINE1,gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells had decreased migration and invasion(P<0.05).Gastric cancer culture supernatants from the SERPINE1-knockdown gastric cancer cell line reduced angiogenesis in HUVECs(P<0.05).Differential genes in gastric cancer patients in the SERPINE1 high-expression group in the GEO database were enriched in cancer-related pathways such as focal adhesion,extracellular matrix receptor interaction,and angiogenesis-related pathways like angiogenesis and the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)signalling pathway.The expression of SERPINE1 was negatively correlated with cadherin 1(CDH1),and positively correlated with other key genes related to EMT and angiogenesis.Moreover,the expression levels of key genes related to EMT and angiogenesis detected by qRT-PCR in SERPINE1 knockdown gastric cancer cell lines(P<0.05),were consistent with the correlation analysis results mentioned above.Conclusion·SERPINE1 expression is elevated in gastric cancer tissues,which could regulate the expression levels of key genes related to EMT and angiogenesis to promote the migration,invasion and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent chronic joint disease caused by various factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is an increasingly promising therapeutic option for osteoarthritis. However, the chronic inflammation of knee joint can severely impede the therapeutic effects of transplanted cells. Gelatin microspheres (GMs) are degradable biomaterial that have various porosities for cell adhesion and cell–cell interaction. Excellent elasticity and deformability of GMs make it an excellent injectable vehicle for cell delivery. METHODS: We created Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs)-GMs complexes and assessed the effects of GMs on cell activity, proliferation and chondrogenesis. Then, WJMSCs loaded in GMs were transplanted in the joint of osteoarthritis mice. After four weeks, joint tissue was collected for histological analysis. Overexpressing-luciferase WJMSCs were performed to explore cell retention in mice. RESULTS: In vitro experiments demonstrated that WJMSCs loaded with GMs maintained cell viability and proliferative potential. Moreover, GMs enhanced the chondrogenesis differentiation of WJMSCs while alleviated cell hypertrophy. In KOA mice model, transplantation of WJMSCs-GMs complexes promoted cartilage regeneration and cartilage matrix formation, contributing to the treatment of KOA. Compared with other groups, in WJMSCs+GMs group, there were fewer cartilage defects and with a more integrated tibia structure. Tracking results of stable-overexpressing luciferase WJMSCs demonstrated that GMs significantly extended the retention time of WJMSCs in knee joint cavity. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that GMs facilitate WJMSCs mediated knee osteoarthritis healing in mice by promoting cartilage regeneration and prolonging cell retention. It might potentially provide an optimal strategy for the biomaterial-stem cell based therapy for knee osteoarthritis.

While Mek1/2 and Gsk3β inhibition ("2i") supports the maintenance of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in a homogenous naïve state, prolonged culture in 2i results in aneuploidy and DNA hypomethylation that impairs developmental potential. Additionally, 2i fails to support derivation and culture of fully potent female ESCs. Here we find that mouse ESCs cultured in 2i/LIF supplemented with lipid-rich albumin (AlbuMAX) undergo pluripotency transition yet maintain genomic stability and full potency over long-term culture. Mechanistically, lipids in AlbuMAX impact intracellular metabolism including nucleotide biosynthesis, lipid biogenesis, and TCA cycle intermediates, with enhanced expression of DNMT3s that prevent DNA hypomethylation. Lipids induce a formative-like pluripotent state through direct stimulation of Erk2 phosphorylation, which also alleviates X chromosome loss in female ESCs. Importantly, both male and female "all-ESC" mice can be generated from de novo derived ESCs using AlbuMAX-based media. Our findings underscore the importance of lipids to pluripotency and link nutrient cues to genome integrity in early development.
Male ; Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Genomic Instability ; Lipids ; DNA/metabolism* ; Cell Differentiation

Objective: To explore the relationship between prepregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy with preschool obesity and body composition in offspring, so as to provide evidence for gestational weight gain and childhood obesity prevention. Methods: A total of 1 333 preschool children were recruited from 3 kindergartens in Tianjin from September to December 2020. Structured questionnaire was used to collect children s lifestyle information. Height, weight and body fat mass of children were assessed, and body fat percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI) and non fat mass index (FFMI) were calculated. Maternal medical records were collected and the mothers were grouped according to their prepregnancy weight status and weight gain during pregnancy. χ 2 test, t test, linear regression model and Logistic regression were used to analyze the differences of obesity and body composition among different groups. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschoolers was 12.7% and 7.7%. After adjusting maternal age and delivery, gestational age, gender, age and lifestyle of children, the correlation between maternal pre pregnancy BMI,gestational weight gain with obesity and body composition indexes of children in preschool age was statistically significant ( P <0.05). For mothers with normal weight before pregnancy, excessive weight gain during pregnancy increased risk of high FM% and high FMI in offspring ( OR=1.81, 1.68, P <0.05). There was no significant correlation between maternal weight gain during pregnancy with offspring obesity and body composition among mothers with prepregnant overweight or obesity. Conclusion Maternal weight status before pregnancy and weight gain during pregnancy are correlated with obesity and body composition in the preschool age of offspring. It is suggested that mothers should maintain appropriate weight status before and during pregnancy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of anastomotic reinforcing sutures on the incidence of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Methods: In this study, 300 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer, scheduled to undergo laparoscopic anterior resection at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Anhui Provincial Hospital, between September 2014 and December 2016, were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo laparoscopic rectal resection with (reinforcing group, n = 150) or without (control group, n = 150) anastomotic reinforcing sutures. The laparoscopic total mesorectal excision was followed for all patients. In the reinforcing group, 4-0 absorbable sutures were used to reinforce the 2-4 needles used for the 2 cross-cutting lines that formed the stapler. Concurrent obstructions; the need for hemorrhagic emergency surgery, preventive ileostomy, Hartmann operation, abdominoperineal resection, or open surgery; and the presence of unresectable cancer were all reasons for excluding patients from the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the clinical data collected for the two groups. According to the multivariate analysis results, patients were further divided into high-risk (≥ 2 high risk factors) and low-risk (≤1 high risk factor) groups, and were stratified to analyze the relationship between reinforcing suture use and the incidence of anastomotic leakage. This trial, approved by the Ethics Committee of Anhui Provincial Hospital, was registered as NCT02830633. Results: A total of 291 patients were included in the study, namely 145 in the reinforcing group and 146 in the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to their general data or intra-operative conditions (all P > 0.05) . The overall incidence of anastomotic leakage was 7.6% (22/291) ; 3.4% (5/145) in the reinforcing group and 11.6% (17/146) in the control group (χ² = 6.992, P = 0.008) . Multivariate analyses showed that the lack of reinforcing sutures was an independent risk factor for anastomotic leakage (OR = 2.75; 95%CI, 1.72-5.48; P = 0.014) . Other independent risk factors included NRS2002 score ≥ 3 points, tumor diameter ≥ 4 cm, and tumor to anal margin distance < 5 cm. There were 80 patients in the high-risk group and 211 in the low-risk group, based on the aforementioned 3 risk factors. The incidence of anastomotic leakage was 27.1% (13/48) among the control patients in the high-risk group, but only 6.2% (2/32) among high-risk patients receiving reinforcing anastomotic sutures (χ² = 5.470, P = 0.019) . In the low-risk group, the incidence of anastomotic leakage was 2.7% (3/113) among patients receiving reinforcing anastomotic sutures, and 4.1% (4/98) among those not receiving reinforcing sutures. No significant difference was observed (χ² = 0.333, P = 0.564) . Conclusion Anastomotic reinforcing sutures for the prevention of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer is convenient and effective, particularly for patients with multiple risk factors.

Bipolar Disorder ; blood ; immunology ; metabolism ; Depressive Disorder ; blood ; immunology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proteomics