Optical brain-computer interface (OBCI) represents an emerging class of neural interaction technologies that use “light” as an information carrier to enable the acquisition, decoding, and modulation of neural signals. Compared with conventional electrical brain-computer interface (BCI), OBCI demonstrates distinct advantages in spatial resolution, cell-type specificity, and the capacity for simultaneous multiparametric monitoring. Driven by rapid advances in functional near-infrared spectroscopy, optical neuroimaging, and optogenetics, optical approaches have progressively extended across the full “read, decode, write” continuum of neural activity, providing a novel technological framework for the development of high-precision closed-loop brain-computer systems. This review systematically summarizes the principal technological strategies and recent advances in OBCI, and further discusses the key challenges encountered during clinical translation, as well as future development direction.

Bladder tumor is a common tumor in the urinary system, posing a serious threat to patients’ health and quality of life. The standard surgical method for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is the transurethral resection of bladder tumor. As a new type of minimally invasive treatment, transurethral holmium laser has shown unique advantages in the treatment of bladder tumors. This work introduces the epidemiological characteristics of bladder tumors and the limitations of traditional treatment methods and elaborates on the technical principles, development history of holmium laser and its application status in the treatment of bladder tumors. By analyzing clinical research data, it compares therapeutic effects between holmium laser and other treatment methods. It also presents the key points of surgical techniques, perioperative management strategies, and measures for the prevention and treatment of complications. This research discusses the current technical challenges and future development directions in holmium laser treatment, providing references for clinical practice and research.

Curcumin (Cur), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the rhizomes of plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae and Araceae families, has attracted considerable interest for its remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Extensive studies have focused on its potential in treating various diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders. However, its clinical application has been hampered by inherent physicochemical challenges, such as poor aqueous solubility, short half-life, and low bioavailability. To address these challenges, nanodrug delivery systems have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of curcumin, thereby enhancing its therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the pharmacological activities and underlying mechanisms of curcumin, encompassing its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. Furthermore, it highlights the significant advancements achieved through the development of curcumin-based nanomedicines. By synthesizing current findings, this review aims to provide insights that may inspire innovative strategies for the future design and broader applications of curcumin nanomedicines.

Objective:To establish a quality control method for the standard decoction of Polygoni Avicularis Herba.Methods:Totally 12 batches of decoction pieces from different origins were collected, the standard decoction was prepared and the quality evaluation method was established, the content of index components in the decoction pieces and the standard decoction was determined with HPLC, the index components, solution pH and other parameters were calculated, and the similarity analysis was carried out against the fingerprints.Results:The total content of myricetin in 12 batches of decoction pieces was >0.12%, and the content of myricetin in the standard decoction was >0.03%, which met the standard of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The pH value was 5.1-5.5, the transfer rate of myricetin components ranged from 50.0%-106.3%, and the fingerprint study showed that there were 7 common peaks. The similarity analysis results indicated that the standard decoction of 12 batches of decoction pieces of Polygoni Avicularis Herba had good consistency.Conclusion:The preparation process is stable and feasible in line with the traditional decoction preparation method, and can be used for the research and quality evaluation of the standard decoction.

Edentulous patients often present with severe alveolar bone resorption, restructured maxillofacial anatomy, and loss of occlusal relationships, making implant-supported rehabilitation technically more challenging—particularly in terms of guide stability, implant positioning accuracy, and prosthesis design. Traditional treatment workflows largely rely on clinician experience, which is inherently subjective and limits the ability to achieve precise, controlled implant placement and predictable restorative outcomes. In recent years, the widespread adoption of digital technologies has brought transformative progress to implantology for edentulous jaws. Innovations span from preoperative imaging and 3D reconstruction, intelligent surgical planning, personalized guide design, dynamic navigation, and robotic-assisted implant placement, to digital prosthesis design and immediate loading protocols. These advancements have markedly improved surgical precision, procedural efficiency, and patient satisfaction. This article systematically reviews the key applications and clinical value of digital technologies across the various stages of implant rehabilitation in edentulous cases. We also highlight current challenges, such as high costs and dependence on specialized equipment. Finally, we explore future directions toward more intelligent and integrated solutions that are driven by advances in artificial intelligence, multimodal image fusion, and robotics.

Objective:To improve the isolation and culture method of seasonal influenza virus in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs), and evaluate their isolation efficiency.Methods:We randomly selected 80 positive samples of H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) and seasonal H3N2 (H3N2snl) influenza virus nucleic acid, and inoculated them into the amniotic and urinary sac cavities of 10-day-old (traditional method) and 14-day-old (improved method) ECEs respectively to adapt the virus to the ECEs (E1-E2). Both method were used to inoculate 10-day-old urinary sac amplification virus (E2-E3), and the final virus isolation positive rates of the two method were compared; using fluorescence quantitative PCR method to detect viral nucleic acids in the improved amniotic and urinary sac cultures, and evaluate the viral proliferation at different inoculation sites; we analyzed the correlation between virus content and isolation positivity rate in the original specimen based on the CT value of nucleic acid testing and the final virus isolation positivity rate using the improved method.Results:The improved method obtained 42 strains of H1N1pdm09 strain, with a positive rate of 52.5% ( χ2=38.571, P<0.01); obtained 54 strains of H3N2snl strain, with a positive rate of 67.5% ( χ2=40.921, P<0.01). Significant differences were observed in the isolation efficiency of H1N1pdm09 samples when the improved method was applied to different inoculation sites of chicken embryos ( χ2=30.476, P<0.01), and similar differences were noted for H3N2snl samples ( χ2=4.928, P=0.026). There was no significant difference in the isolation rate of different CT value intervals of the original samples ( χH1N1pdm092=10.226, χH3N2snl2=3.764, P>0.05). Conclusions:The improved method of inoculating 14-day old ECEs adapted the virus, and the final number of strains obtained was significantly higher than the traditional method of inoculating 10 day old ECEs, which can significantly improve the positive isolation rate of H1N1pdm09 and H3N2snl influenza virus in ECEs. The amniotic cavity is more sensitive to H1N1pdm09 and H3N2snl influenza viruses, which helps the virus adapt in ECEs. There was no significant difference in the sample isolation rate and total positive rate of virus isolation among different CT value ranges, and further verification is needed.

Genomic imprinting refers to the phenomenon of differential expression of two alleles due to their different parental origins. Genes that produce genomic imprinting are usually called imprinted genes. The genetic effect caused by the presence of imprinted genes is called parent-of-origin effect. Parent-of-origin effect and genomic imprinting play important roles in the pathophysiological mechanism and occurrence and development of cardio-metabolic diseases. In-depth exploration of the law and potential roles of imprinted genes and parent-of-origin effects will help to better understand the mechanism of cardio-metabolic diseases, and also provide important theoretical basis for the precise treatment of diseases related to imprinted genes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.002.].

Gene regulation relies on the precise binding of transcription factors (TFs) at regulatory elements, but simultaneously detecting hundreds of TFs on chromatin is challenging. We developed cFOOT-seq, a cytosine deaminase-based TF footprinting assay, for high-resolution, quantitative genome-wide assessment of TF binding in both open and closed chromatin regions, even with small cell numbers. By utilizing the dsDNA deaminase SsdAtox, cFOOT-seq converts accessible cytosines to uracil while preserving genomic integrity, making it compatible with techniques like ATAC-seq for sensitive and cost-effective detection of TF occupancy at the single-molecule and single-cell level. Our approach enables the delineation of TF footprints, quantification of occupancy, and examination of chromatin influences on TF binding. Notably, cFOOT-seq, combined with FootTrack analysis, enables de novo prediction of TF binding sites and tracking of TF occupancy dynamics. We demonstrate its application in capturing cell type-specific TFs, analyzing TF dynamics during reprogramming, and revealing TF dependencies on chromatin remodelers. Overall, cFOOT-seq represents a robust approach for investigating the genome-wide dynamics of TF occupancy and elucidating the cis-regulatory architecture underlying gene regulation.
Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Humans ; Chromatin/genetics* ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Mice ; DNA Footprinting/methods*

A case of an adult patient who was admitted to the hospital with the primary complaint of dysuria was presented. CT imaging of the urinary tract revealed incomplete duplication of the bladder, accompanied by multiple diverticula in the left bladder. Urodynamic studies indicated low detrusor contraction of the bladder. Cystoscopy revealed that the left bladder was connected to the urethra, with both bladders linked by a narrow connection. Laparoscopic expansion of this junction alleviated dysuria; however, it did not significantly reduce bladder residual volume during the short-term follow-up.