Oligoasthenospermia （OAS） is the common cause of male infertility，bringing fertility problems to many families. Its pathogenesis is complex，involving endocrine disorders，reproductive system infection，oxidative stress injury，immune dysfunction and other aspects. At present，the Western medicine treatment of OAS is mainly based on drugs，surgery，and assisted reproductive technology. However，drug therapy has certain side effects，and long-term use is easy to produce drug resistance. Surgical treatment has certain trauma and risk. Assisted reproductive technology is not widely available because of its high cost. Therefore，there is an urgent need to develop safer，economical，and effective treatment options. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has obvious advantages in the treatment of OAS. It can play a role in the treatment of OAS by reducing oxidative stress，inhibiting inflammatory response，reducing apoptosis，and regulating cell autophagy through multiple pathways and targets. Recent studies have shown that TCM compound prescriptions，single medicinal materials，medicinal pairs，and their active components can ameliorate OAS by regulating several key signaling pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） pathway，Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（JAK2/STAT3） pathway，nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 （Nrf2/HO-1） pathway，stem cell factor/tyrosine kinase receptor （SCF/c-kit） pathway，nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） pathway，transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smads pathway，and extracellular regulated protein kinase （ERK） pathway. This article summarizes the role of the above signaling pathways in the occurrence and development of OAS and the therapeutic mechanism of TCM，aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical treatment of OAS and the research and development of drugs.

Objective To explore the effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)in treating patients with hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(HSOS)caused by gynura segetum,and to analyze the mid-to-long-term survival.Methods The clinical data of 44 patients with HSOS caused by gynura segetum,who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from April 2016 to September 2022 to receive TIPS treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative and postoperative liver and kidney functions,ascites,and portal vein pressure were compared.Ultrasonography examination was performed to check the patency of stent and the thickness of ascites,the postoperative complications were recorded.Kaplan-Meier curve was used to calculate the cumulative survival so as to evaluate the survival of patients.Results Based on the severity of the illness,the 44 patients were divided into mild group(n=5),moderate group(n=13),severe group(n=19)and very severe group(n=7).Successful TIPS operation was achieved in all the patients,with a surgical success rate of 100％.No serious complications occurred.After TIPS,the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE)was 20.5％(9/44).The portal pressure decreased from preoperative(42.00±0.91)cm H2 O to postoperative(18.27±0.67)cm H2O,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).The postoperative blood creatinine,aminotransferase,total bilirubin and Child-Pugh score were decreased when compared with their preoperative values,while the albumin level was increased when compared with its preoperative value,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The postoperative one-year and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 90.9％and 88.6％respectively.The 1-,3-,6-and 12-month survival rates in mild group were all 100％,in moderate group were 100.0％,100.0％,92.3％and 92.3％respectively,in severe group were 94.7％,94.7％,94.7％and 89.5％respectively,and in very severe group were 85.7％,71.4％,71.4％and 71.4％respectively.Conclusion For the treatment of HSOS caused by gynura segetum,TIPS can significantly improve the patient's ascites with low overall complication rate and high mid-to-long-term survival rate.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of sacral canal posterior wall reconstruction in the treatment of symptomatic sacral canal cysts.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinical data of 80 patients with symptomatic sacral cysts who underwent surgical treatment at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between June 2018 and September 2024 were collected. There were 19 males and 61 females, with an average age of (49.0±11.3) years (ranged from 23-76 years). The patients were divided into the traditional group ( n=30) and the reconstruction group ( n=50) based on the surgical approach. The traditional group underwent the conventional surgical method without reconstruction of the posterior wall of the sacral canal, while the reconstruction group underwent posterior wall reconstruction of the sacral canal. Postoperative observations included the integrity of the sacral canal posterior wall, wound healing, and symptom improvement in both groups. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation( ± s). Independent samples t-test was used for comparisons of measurement data between groups. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Ordinal data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables. Results:Among the 80 patients, the sacral bone integrity score in the reconstruction group was (1.42±0.49) scores, compared to (3.00±0.00) scores in the traditional group, the reconstruction group showed significantly better results ( P<0.05). Symptom improvement was also significantly different between the two groups ( P=0.038): in the traditional group, 17 patients experienced complete symptom resolution, 6 partial improvement, 7 no improvement, and 0 worsening; in the reconstruction group, 37 had complete symptom resolution, 11 partial improvement, 2 no improvement, and 0 worsening. The effective improvement rate (complete+ partial improvement) in the reconstruction group was significantly better than that in the traditional group ( P=0.012). In terms of wound healing, 76 cases healed well, 4 had delayed healing, and 0 had infections. In the traditional group, 27 healed well, 3 had delayed healing, 0 infections; in the reconstruction group, 49 healed well, 1 had delayed healing, and 0 infections. There was no significant difference in wound healing rate between the two groups ( P=0.146). A significant positive correlation was found between sacral canal posterior wall integrity and symptom improvement ( r=0.288, P=0.010). Conclusion:Sacral canal posterior wall reconstruction significantly improves postoperative anatomical integrity and clinical outcomes without increasing complications, supporting its adoption as a preferred surgical approach for symptomatic sacral canal cysts.

Several types of arthritis share the common feature that the generation of inflammatory mediators leads to joint cartilage degradation. However, the shared mechanism is largely unknown. H2BK120ub1 was reportedly involved in various inflammatory diseases but its role in the shared mechanism in inflammatory joint conditions remains elusive. The present study demonstrated that levels of cartilage degradation, H2BK120ub1, and its regulator WW domain-containing adapter protein with coiled-coil (WAC) were increased in cartilage in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients as well as in experimental RA and OA mice. By regulating H2BK120ub1 and H3K27me3, WAC regulated the secretion of inflammatory and cartilage-degrading factors. WAC influenced the level of H3K27me3 by regulating nuclear entry of the H3K27 demethylase KDM6B, and acted as a key factor of the crosstalk between H2BK120ub1 and H3K27me3. The cartilage-specific knockout of WAC demonstrated the ability to alleviate cartilage degradation in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CIOA) mice. Through molecular docking and dynamic simulation, doxercalciferol was found to inhibit WAC and the development of cartilage degradation in the CIA and CIOA models. Our study demonstrated that WAC is a key factor of cartilage degradation in arthritis, and targeting WAC by doxercalciferol could be a viable therapeutic strategy for treating cartilage destruction in several types of arthritis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of prophylactic analgesia using erector spinae plane block (ESPB) combined with ketorolac tromethamine on postoperative analgesia and early recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. A total of 105 gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from June 2022 to October 2023 were selected, and the patients were divided into ESPB+ketorolac tromethamine group (T group), ESPB group (C1 group), and ketorolac tromethamine group (C2 group) by using the random number table method, with 35 cases in each group. The prophylactic analgesia method was preoperative ESPB + ketorolac tromethamine in T group, preoperative ESPB in C1 group and preoperative ketorolac tromethamine in C2 group. The intraoperative sufentanil and remifentanil dosage and the postoperative resting pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, remedial analgesia, recovery status and complication occurrence were compared among the 3 groups.Results:The baseline characteristics and intraoperative conditions of the patients in the 3 groups were compared, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The intraoperative sufentanil dosage in T group was less than that in C1 and C2 groups [30 (25, 30) μg vs. 35 (30, 35) μg vs. 40 (35, 45) μg], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = 33.03, P < 0.001); the intraoperative remifentanil dosage in T group was less than that in C1 and C2 groups [0.34 (0.30, 0.40) mg vs. 0.40 (0.30, 0.50) mg vs. 0.70 (0.60, 0.85) mg], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = 53.84, P < 0.001). The VAS scores at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after surgery in T group were lower than those in C1 and C2 groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). The press number of analgesic pump in T group was less than that in C1 and C2 groups [1 (0, 2) times vs. 2 (1, 2) times vs. 4 (3, 5) times], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = 48.10, P < 0.001). The postoperative first time of exhaust and get out of bed and days of hospital stay in T group were shorter than those in C1 and C2 groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). The differences in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, dizziness, pruritus, pneumonia, and anastomotic fistula among the 3 groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). None of the 3 groups experienced postoperative drowsiness, hypotension or respiratory depression. Conclusions:Prophylactic analgesia using ESPB combined with ketorolac tromethamine can effectively reduce the postoperative pain of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, reduce the use of analgesic drugs, and promote the early recovery of the patients in the postoperative period without increasing the postoperative complications.

Objective:To investigate the short-term clinical efficacy of implantation with a 3D-printed microporous titanium prosthesis in the treatment of large segmental infectious tibial defects.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the electronic medical records of the 47 patients with large segmental tibial defects who had been treated with 3D-printed microporous titanium prostheses at Department of Orthopaedics, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from January 2019 to February 2024. The cohort included 36 males and 11 females, with an age of (46.2±11.8) years and a mean bone defect length of 12.3 (8.0, 16.8) cm. In the 19 patients complicated with soft tissue defects, the area of soft tissue defects ranged from 10.0 cm × 6.0 cm to 33.0 cm × 10.0 cm. For the 28 patients without soft tissue defects at the lower leg, the bone defects were filled with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate bone cement at the first stage; for the 19 patients complicated with soft tissue defects, the soft tissue defects at the lower limb were repaired using an anterolateral thigh flap with vascular anastomosis at the same time when bone defects were filled with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate bone cement at the first stage. After infection control at 2 to 8 months after surgery, individualized 3D-printed microporous titanium prostheses were implanted at the second stage to reconstruct the bone defects. Postoperative observations included the patients' first standing time, crutch walking time, full weight-bearing time, osseointegration of the tibial fracture and the prosthesis, and complications during follow-up.Results:The follow-up period for the 47 patients was (34.7±14.3) months. The first standing time was (2.2±0.6) months, crutch walking time (3.8±1.1) months, and full weight-bearing time (5.3±1.2) for this cohort. The evaluation by the Paley's bone healing score resulted in 25 excellent cases, 18 good cases, 1 medium case, and 3 poor cases, giving an excellent and good rate of 91.5% (43/47). One year after operation, the X-ray films showed that the tibial fractures and prostheses were well integrated in the 43 patients. Two patients developed recurrent tibial infection which was responded to replacement of the vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate spacer. The fixation screws for tibial prosthesis were broken in one patient, but no recurrence of infection was observed after revision. The overall incidence of complications was 6.4% (3/47).Conclusion:In the treatment of large segmental infectious tibial defects, by facilitating rapid functional recovery and ensuring a low incidence of complications, implantation with a 3D-printed microporous titanium prosthesis demonstrates fine short-term clinical efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the effects of prophylactic analgesia using erector spinae plane block (ESPB) combined with ketorolac tromethamine on postoperative analgesia and early recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. A total of 105 gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from June 2022 to October 2023 were selected, and the patients were divided into ESPB+ketorolac tromethamine group (T group), ESPB group (C1 group), and ketorolac tromethamine group (C2 group) by using the random number table method, with 35 cases in each group. The prophylactic analgesia method was preoperative ESPB + ketorolac tromethamine in T group, preoperative ESPB in C1 group and preoperative ketorolac tromethamine in C2 group. The intraoperative sufentanil and remifentanil dosage and the postoperative resting pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, remedial analgesia, recovery status and complication occurrence were compared among the 3 groups.Results:The baseline characteristics and intraoperative conditions of the patients in the 3 groups were compared, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The intraoperative sufentanil dosage in T group was less than that in C1 and C2 groups [30 (25, 30) μg vs. 35 (30, 35) μg vs. 40 (35, 45) μg], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = 33.03, P < 0.001); the intraoperative remifentanil dosage in T group was less than that in C1 and C2 groups [0.34 (0.30, 0.40) mg vs. 0.40 (0.30, 0.50) mg vs. 0.70 (0.60, 0.85) mg], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = 53.84, P < 0.001). The VAS scores at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after surgery in T group were lower than those in C1 and C2 groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). The press number of analgesic pump in T group was less than that in C1 and C2 groups [1 (0, 2) times vs. 2 (1, 2) times vs. 4 (3, 5) times], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = 48.10, P < 0.001). The postoperative first time of exhaust and get out of bed and days of hospital stay in T group were shorter than those in C1 and C2 groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). The differences in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, dizziness, pruritus, pneumonia, and anastomotic fistula among the 3 groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). None of the 3 groups experienced postoperative drowsiness, hypotension or respiratory depression. Conclusions:Prophylactic analgesia using ESPB combined with ketorolac tromethamine can effectively reduce the postoperative pain of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, reduce the use of analgesic drugs, and promote the early recovery of the patients in the postoperative period without increasing the postoperative complications.

Erectile Dysfunction(ED)is a relatively common clinical condition characterized by male sexual dysfunction.Macrophages,as key components of the immune and inflammatory response systems,play crucial roles in immune surveillance,tissue repair,and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in processes related to erectile function.Immune inflammation is recognized as one of the pathological factors contributing to ED,and inflammatory markers—including macrophages—are widely believed to be closely associated with the onset of the disorder.This review summarizes the multifaceted roles of macrophages in vascular injury,neural repair,hormonal balance,and immune microenvironment remodeling in the context of erection.It aims to provide a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the involvement of macrophages in ED and discusses the potential of macrophage-targeted therapies for treating ED.

Erectile Dysfunction(ED)is a relatively common clinical condition characterized by male sexual dysfunction.Macrophages,as key components of the immune and inflammatory response systems,play crucial roles in immune surveillance,tissue repair,and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in processes related to erectile function.Immune inflammation is recognized as one of the pathological factors contributing to ED,and inflammatory markers—including macrophages—are widely believed to be closely associated with the onset of the disorder.This review summarizes the multifaceted roles of macrophages in vascular injury,neural repair,hormonal balance,and immune microenvironment remodeling in the context of erection.It aims to provide a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the involvement of macrophages in ED and discusses the potential of macrophage-targeted therapies for treating ED.

Objective:To investigate the short-term clinical efficacy of implantation with a 3D-printed microporous titanium prosthesis in the treatment of large segmental infectious tibial defects.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the electronic medical records of the 47 patients with large segmental tibial defects who had been treated with 3D-printed microporous titanium prostheses at Department of Orthopaedics, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from January 2019 to February 2024. The cohort included 36 males and 11 females, with an age of (46.2±11.8) years and a mean bone defect length of 12.3 (8.0, 16.8) cm. In the 19 patients complicated with soft tissue defects, the area of soft tissue defects ranged from 10.0 cm × 6.0 cm to 33.0 cm × 10.0 cm. For the 28 patients without soft tissue defects at the lower leg, the bone defects were filled with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate bone cement at the first stage; for the 19 patients complicated with soft tissue defects, the soft tissue defects at the lower limb were repaired using an anterolateral thigh flap with vascular anastomosis at the same time when bone defects were filled with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate bone cement at the first stage. After infection control at 2 to 8 months after surgery, individualized 3D-printed microporous titanium prostheses were implanted at the second stage to reconstruct the bone defects. Postoperative observations included the patients' first standing time, crutch walking time, full weight-bearing time, osseointegration of the tibial fracture and the prosthesis, and complications during follow-up.Results:The follow-up period for the 47 patients was (34.7±14.3) months. The first standing time was (2.2±0.6) months, crutch walking time (3.8±1.1) months, and full weight-bearing time (5.3±1.2) for this cohort. The evaluation by the Paley's bone healing score resulted in 25 excellent cases, 18 good cases, 1 medium case, and 3 poor cases, giving an excellent and good rate of 91.5% (43/47). One year after operation, the X-ray films showed that the tibial fractures and prostheses were well integrated in the 43 patients. Two patients developed recurrent tibial infection which was responded to replacement of the vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate spacer. The fixation screws for tibial prosthesis were broken in one patient, but no recurrence of infection was observed after revision. The overall incidence of complications was 6.4% (3/47).Conclusion:In the treatment of large segmental infectious tibial defects, by facilitating rapid functional recovery and ensuring a low incidence of complications, implantation with a 3D-printed microporous titanium prosthesis demonstrates fine short-term clinical efficacy.