ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 8 major respiratory pathogens in influenza-like illness (ILI) cases with acute respiratory infections at fever clinics in Huangpu District, Shanghai from 2015 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in Huangpu District. Individuals meeting the case definition of ILI from 2015 to 2024 was registered. Their nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for pathogen detection. A total of 8 respiratory viruses were tested, including Influenza A virus (Flu A), Influenza B virus (Flu B), adenovirus (ADV), enterovirus/human rhinovirus (EV/HRV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human coronavirus (HCoV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). ResultsFrom 2015 to 2019, a total of 344 ILI cases were tested, of which 192 out of 344 cases (55.81%) were tested positive for single respiratory pathogen. From 2023 to 2024, 1 557 ILI cases were tested, with 572 out of 1 557 cases (36.74%) being positive for single pathogen. From 2023 to 2024, the positive rate of single pathogen in ILI cases was significantly lower than that in 2015‒2019 (χ²=42.66, P<0.001). Specifically, the positive rate of Flu A (χ²=74.43, P<0.001) decreased, while that of HPIV (χ²=8.66, P=0.003) increased, both with statistically significant differences. According to the seasonal pattern, the epidemic intensity of Flu A decreased in summer, while that of HPIV increased in summer and autumn. Demographic results showed statistically significant differences in the positive rates of EV/HRV between genders (χ²=22.38, P<0.001), with males exhibiting a higher positive rate than females. No statistically significant differences were identified in the positive rates of single pathogen among different age groups (χ²=4.42, P=0.110). Nevertheless, statistically significant differences were noted when comparing the positive rates of EV/HRV, Flu A, Flu B and HPIV across different age groups (P<0.05). EV/HRV was more commonly detected in the 15‒<25 age group (10.93%), while Flu A and HPIV had the highest positive rates in the ≥60 age group (21.24% and 4.77%). Flu B had the highest positive rate in the 25‒<60 age group (11.26%). 52.63% of cases with co-infections occurred during winter, with the primary pathogens involved being EV/HRV (9 cases) and HCoV (6 cases). The most prevalent combination of co-infection was Flu A with EV/HRV. ConclusionThe prevalence of respiratory pathogens among ILI cases from 2023 to 2024 exhibited notable fluctuations compared to that from 2015 to 2019. Therefore, influenza surveillance should be strengthened, and attention should also be paid to the prevalence of respiratory pathogens such as HPIV. These findings have profound implications for future research, surveillance, vaccine planning, and public health policy making.

ObjectiveTo analyze the evolutionary characteristics and genetic variations of the HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase) genes of influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Shanghai during 2024, to investigate their transmission patterns, and to evaluate their potential impact on vaccine effectiveness. MethodsFrom January to October 2024, throat swab specimens were collected from influenza like illness (ILI) patients at 4 hospitals in Shanghai. Real-time fluorescence ploymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for virus detection and isolation of H1N1 influenza viruses. Forty influenza A(H1N1) virus strains were sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform, followed by phylogenetic analyses, genetic distance analysis, and amino acid variation analyses of HA and NA genes. ResultsPhylogenetic tree of the HA and NA genes revealed that the 40 influenza A(H1N1) virus strains circulating in Shanghai in 2024 exhibited no significant geographic clustering, with a broad origin of strains and complex transmission chains. Genetic distance analyses demonstrated that the average intra-group genetic distances of HA and NA genes among the Shanghai strains were 0.005 1±0.000 6 and 0.004 6±0.000 6, respectively, which were comparable to or higher than those observed in global surveillance strains. Both HA and NA genes displayed frequent mutations. Compared to the 2023‒2024 and 2024‒2025 Northern Hemisphere A(H1N1) vaccine strains (WHO-recommended), the HA proteins of 40 Shanghai strains exhibited amino acid substitutions at positions 120, 137, 142, 169, 216, 223, 260, 277, 356 and 451, with critical mutations at positions 137 and 142 located within the Ca2 antigenic determinant. Furthermore, mutations in the NA protein were observed at positions 13, 50, 200, 257, 264, 339 and 382. ConclusionThe genetic background of the 2024 Shanghai influenza A(H1N1) virus strains is complex and diverse, and antigenic variation may affect vaccine effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance genomic surveillance of influenza viruses, evaluate vaccine suitability, and implement more targeted prevention and control strategies against imported influenza viruses.

ObjectiveTo analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and prevention and control measures of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai in 2022， aiming to optimize future prevention and control strategies. MethodsDescriptive statistical method was used to analyze data on daily infections released by the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission from March 1 to June 30， 2022. ResultsAs of 30 June， a total of 627 110 infections and 588 deaths had been reported in Shanghai. Most of the cases were in Pudong New Area （35.47%）， Minhang District （10.18%） and Huangpu District （9.27%）. The cumulative infection rate was 8.78% in Huangpu District， which was the highest among all the districts. With the progress of the pandemic， the prevention and control measures were strengthened from a “precise prevention and control” strategy to “block and grid” screening， and then upgraded to city-wide lockdown. All daily new infections were identified from the quarantined population on April 29， 2022， reaching the goal of “clearance of community transmission”. ConclusionThe cumulative infections in Shanghai exceeded any previous epidemics in mainland China. Given the enhanced transmissibility and vaccine-induced immune escape of the Omicron variant， timely and strong public health measures are needed to suppress the pandemic under the general policy of "Dynamic zero-COVID".

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， and their combination on slow transit constipation via PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1）/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy. MethodFifty-six male SD rats were randomly assigned into normal group， model group， natural recovery group， Aurantii Fructus Immaturus group， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma group， Aurantii Fructus Immaturus combined with Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma group， and mosapride group， with 8 rats in each group. Slow transit constipation model was established by gavage with loperamide （3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） for 14 days in other groups except the normal group. After successful modeling， except that the model group was continuously induced by loperamide， the normal group and the natural recovery group were administrated with 0.9% normal saline by gavage， and the rats in the Aurantii Fructus Immaturus （1.35 g·kg^-1·d^-1） group， the Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma （2.7 g·kg^-1·d^-1） group， the Aurantii Fructus Immaturus combined with Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma （4.05 g·kg^-1·d^-1） group， and the mosapride （1.56 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 7 days. The amount of feces， fecal water content， and intestinal propulsion rate of rats were determined. The pathological changes of the colon were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff （AB-PAS） staining. The activity of respiratory chain complex and the ultrastructure of the colon tissue were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and observed by transmission electron microscopy， respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of PINK1， Parkin， and p62， and Western blot to determine the protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， PINK1， and Parkin. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group and the natural recovery group showed decreases in the amount of feces， fecal water content， intestinal propulsion rate （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅱ， Ⅲ， and Ⅳ in the colon tissue （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Further， the mRNA levels of PINK1 and Parkin and the protein levels of PINK1， Parkin， and LC3 were up-regulated （P<0.01） and the mRNA level of p62 was down-regulated in the model group （P<0.05） and the natural recovery group. Compared with the model group and the natural recovery group， the Aurantii Fructus Immaturus combined with Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma group showed increased amount of feces， fecal water content， intestinal propulsion rate， and activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅱ， Ⅲ， and Ⅳ （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Moreover， the combination meliorated the degree of mitochondrial swelling in the colon tissue， down-regulated the mRNA levels of PINK1 and Parkin and the protein levels of PINK1， Parkin， and LC3 （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and up-regulated the mRNA level of p62 （P<0.05）. ConclusionAurantii Fructus Immaturus and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， and their combination may remedy the colonic motility disorders in rats with slow transit constipation by blocking PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway to inhibit the excessive mitophagy in interstitial cells of Cajal in the colon tissue.

ObjectiveTo observe the hong-huang antioxidant on oxidative stress in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy, including their related blood indexes, blood rheology changes, and the effects on TCM clinical symptoms and symptoms of stress.MethodsA total of 60 cases of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy from Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM was randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 30 cases in each group. On the basis of conventional therapy, patients in treatment group were given hong-huang antioxidant (100 mL per bag) from the 1st day to the 14th day of chemotherapy, 2 bags for each day (morning and evening). Patients in control group were given foundation treatment the same as the treatment group. Patients in the two groups had their serum NO, the content of SOD, and blood rheology tested on the day before chemotherapy, and the 4th, 7th, 14th days during chemotherapy. Meanwhile, their symptom score and the integral of stress reaction and TCM symptoms were also assessed. ResultsOn the 4th day, serum NO of treatment group decreased, while SOD content increased,without statistical significance between the two groups (P>0.05). Serum NO on the 7th, 14th days was significantly lower than that in the control group, but the content of SOD was higher than that in the control group, with statistical significance between the two groups (P<0.05). Hemorheology on the 4th day significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.05), and was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05); Clinical symptoms and stress symptoms integral in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group on the 4th, 7th, 14th days of chemotherapy, with statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Hong-huang antioxidant can significantly improve the oxidative stress status, serological indexes, related blood rheology indexes, and clinical symptoms in patients with breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Chuanglingye decoction on angiogenesis and wound healing. Methods With a series of dosages of Chuanglingye decoction, their optimal effects of angiogenesis were searched for through the chicken embryo allantois membrane model(CAM). The vascular endothelial cell proliferation experiment (MTT) and the migration assay were used for the detection of effects. The gauze loading with Chuanglingye decoction of 0.2 ml as the experimental group and with saline of 0.2ml as the control group were applied on the total skin mechanical round wound of 1.5cm diameter and changed every other day. The sizes of area were detected on the day of 0,3,7,14 and 28 as well as the scores of inflammatory response, contains of TNF-αand Il-6 were detected on the day of 3 and 7. Results The CAM experiments showed that the angiogenic effects of 0.2 ml and 0.3 ml dosage of the Chuanglingye group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). The 0.2 ml dosage of Chuanglingye decoction was chosen for the further experiment. The HUVEC proliferation rate of the experimental group decreased 21%, as compared with the results of control group. The cell migration movement of 12 hours, 24 hours in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group. For theanimal experiments, the area sizes of the wound were similar in the experimental and control group without any significant differences. The scores of inflammatory response and contains of TNF-α(768±107)ng/L,(380±47)ng/L and Il-6(664±133)ng/L,(363±43)ng/L in the experimental group were significant decreased than those of the control group on the day of 3(958± 140)ng/L,(2215±314)ng/Land 7(512±62)ng/L,(1562±174)ng/L. Conclusion It showed that Chuanglingye decoction had negative effects on vascular endothelial cell migration and proliferation and thus inhibiting angiogenesis. These effects did not infer the process of the wound healing due to its ameliorating the inflammatory response which may be a help to wound healing.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of central synaptic plasticity on pain induced by experimental tooth movement and to analyzethe expression of protein kinases Mζ(PKMζ) in the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) after applying different magnitude of orthodontic force.Methods One hundred and thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats(200-250 g) were used in this study.Orthodontic tooth movement devices were placed on the teeth in the experimental group,and different orthodontic forces(0.39,0.78,1.17 N) were applied to move the maxillary first molars,respectively.The same mechanical devices were placed on the teeth in sham-treated group and no orthodontic force was applied.No orthodontic procedure was applied in blank control group.The average time spent on mouth-wiping behavior in each group was recorded after experimental tooth movement.Brain tissue of the anterior cingulate cortex was isolated on day 3 after experiment,and the expression level of PKMζ was analyzed with the method of immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay.ζ-pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide(ZIP),a selective inhibitor for PKMζ,was injected into ACC on day 3 after experimental tooth movement,and the effects of ZIP on mouth-wiping behavior were evaluated.Results No statistical difference was found between the blank control group and the sham-treated group in the average time spent on mouth-wiping,value of A and expression level of PKMζ(P＞0.05).Compared with the sham-treated group and blank control group,the average time of mouth-wiping behavior[(58.6±6.9),(66.3±7.8),(78.9±8.7) s],value of A(4 569±454,6 850±365,8 294±558) and expression level of PKMζ[(0.32±0.02),(0.34±0.02),(0.36±0.02) mg/L] in 0.39,0.78,1.17 N force group were found to be up-regulated with the increase of orthodontic force(P＜0.05).LSD test in three experimental sub-group showed statistical difference(P＜0.05).After microinjection of ZIP,the average time spent on mouth-wiping behavior significantly decreased(P＜0.01),while microinjecting saline did not change rats' mouth-wiping behavior(P＞0.05).Conclusions More pain caused by increased orthodontic force maybe due to the up-regulation of PKMζ in the anterior cingulate cortex.

Objective To investigate the effects of different ligation position,vena coronaria variation and lidocaine on myocardial infarction size and mortality in rats Methods Totally 120 male SD rats were divided into four groups with 30 rats in each group: low ligation with invisible vena coronaria,low ligation with visible vena coronaria,high ligation,and high ligation plus lidocaine Results MI was successfully created in 930% rats of high ligation groups and in 673% rats of low ligation groups The mortality was 433% in rats of high ligation groups,only 133% in rats when lidocaine in use Conclusion High ligation increases the success rate of rat model of myocardial infarction and the application of lidocaine decreases the mortality of the rat model