BackgroundIn recent years， the incidence of depression among adolescents has been increasing steadily， posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health and even leading to severe consequences such as self-harm and suicide. At the same time， the detection rate of subclinical depression symptoms among adolescents is even higher. Although these symptoms do not meet the clinical diagnostic criteria， they have significantly affected their quality of life， and their persistence over time may further develop into depression. Therefore， in-depth exploration of adolescent depression symptoms and the predictive factors holds significant practical significance and research value. However， up to now， no large-scale investigation and research on depression symptoms among children and adolescents has been conducted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， in order to provide references for formulating scientific and effective prevention strategies and intervention measures. MethodsBy using the cluster stratified random sampling method， 6 281 students from the third grade of primary school to the second grade of high school in 12 leagues and cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected in March 2024. A self-designed questionnaire and the Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） were used for on-site investigation. ResultsA total of 6 058 （96.45%） children and adolescents completed the valid questionnaire survey， and 2 728 cases （45.03%） were found to have depressive symptoms. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents of different genders， ages， whether they were only children， different family types， family monthly income， parents' educational levels， and whether the mother was employed （χ²=33.769， 40.618， 48.593， 29.972， 142.648， 195.999， 168.190， 5.445， P<0.05 or 0.01）.The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that for children and adolescents， being female， aged between 12 and 16， over 16 years old， not being an only child， living in a reconstituted family， having a monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and having parents with an education level of primary school or below were predictors of depressive symptoms （OR=1.241， 1.427， 1.273， 1.177， 1.549， 1.278， 1.462， 1.417， 1.514， 1.929， 1.660， 1.528， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionThe detection rate of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. Factors that may predict depressive symptoms in children and adolescents include female gender， ages between 12 and 16， ages over 16 years old， non-only children， families with a restructured structure， monthly family income of less than 5 000 yuan， and parents with an education level of primary school or below. ［Funded by Science and Technology Planning Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （number， 2022YFSH0119）］

OBJECTIVE: To screen the optimal regimen of acupuncture and moxibustion for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), so as to provide the evidences for clinical decision-making. METHODS: From 7 databases in Chinese and English i.e. the Full-Text Database of China Journal Network (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) and Cochrane Library, randomized controlled trial (RCT) articals of OSAHS treated with acupuncture and moxibustion were searched. The quality of evidence was evaluated with the modified Jadad scale, the evaluation index was established and the optimal regimen of acupuncture and moxibustion for OSAHS was screened by multi-index decision analysis. RESULTS: A total of 10 RCTs were included, and the filiform needling therapy was optimal in treatment of OSAHS. The acupoints included Lianquan (CV23), Danzhong (CV17), Zhongwan (CV12), and bilateral Kongzui (LU6), Pishu (BL20), Fenglong (ST40), Zusanli (ST36), Yinlingquan (SP9) and Zhaohai (KI6). Zusanli (ST36) received the reinforcing method, Pishu (BL20) and Fenglong (ST40) were stimulated with the reducing technique, and the rest acupoints with the uniform reinforcing-reducing. Each acupoint was manually manipulated once every 10 min during the needle retention for 30 min. Acupuncture was delivered once a day, 5 times a week and for consecutive 4 weeks. Among the included literature, the severity of disease was not reported in detail, the filiform needling was the dominant intervention, the local acupoints such as Lianquan (CV23) and Panglianquan (Extra) were mainly selected. The apnea-hypopnea index and the minimum oxygen saturation were taken as the evaluation indexes, and the effect was evaluated in reference to the generally accepted standards. The attention to safety evaluation was insufficient, the report on methodology was not adequate and the quality was low. CONCLUSION Filiform needling is the dominant therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion for OSAHS, and the local acupoints are considered specially. But the quality of clinical research should be improved.
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy* ; Acupuncture Points ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Erectile dysfunction （ED） is one of the most common manifestations of male reproductive system damage， and it is also a common complication of diabetes mellitus （DM）. ED is closely related to the patient’s quality of life， sexual partner relationship， and family stability. In addition， it is an early warning signal for many physical diseases. As the incidence of DM keeps growing， the incidence of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction （DMED） increases accordingly. Currently， drug treatment for ED presents limited effects， and the treatment of DMED is more difficult. Therefore， developing effective and safe drugs is a clinical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Recent studies have proved that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can alleviate oxidative stress， reduce inflammation， and modulate autophagy by regulating multiple signaling pathways， thus ameliorating DMED， showing definite therapeutic effects via multiple pathways， targets， and links. Multiple signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， nitric oxide （NO）-cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）， Ras homolog family member A （RhoA）/Rho， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （NRF2）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， and protein kinase C （PKC） mediate the occurrence and development of DMED， while there is still a lack of conclusive records. By reviewing relevant articles published in recent years， this paper summarizes the role of the above-mentioned signaling pathways in the occurrence and development of DMED and the research progress in TCM treatment of DMED via regulation of related signaling pathways. This review is expected to provide new ideas and references for further clinical diagnosis and treatment， basic research， and drug development.

Objective:To describe the prevalence of anxiety disorders and its distribution in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,and to explore the relevant factors of anxiety disorders.Methods:From June 2019 to Decem-ber 2019,representative multi-stage disproportionate stratified sampling procedure was used to sample in residents aged 18 and over in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.All respondents were face-to-face interviewed by trained interviewers.Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0(CIDI-3.0)was used to diagnose anxiety disorders according to the criteria and definition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ).Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical anal-ysis.Results:Totally 12 315 people were interviewed in the survey.The weighted 12-mouth prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder was 4.64％,and the lifetime prevalence rate was 6.25％.The weighted 12-month prevalence rate of anxiety disorders was higher in female than that in male(5.38％vs.3.92％).The rate was higher in rural resi-dents than that in urban residents(5.67％vs.3.95％).The rate was higher in people with chronic diseases than that in people without chronic diseases(6.81％vs.2.29％).Logistic regression analysis showed that unmarried(OR=2.32,95％CI:1.31-4.10),separated/divorced(OR=2.49,95％CI:1.33-4.67),in debt(OR=1.55,95％CI:1.04-2.32),chronic disease(OR=2.22,95％CI:1.39-3.53),family history of anxiety disorders(OR=12.05,95％CI:8.78-16.53),poor sleep(OR=2.64,95％CI:1.97-3.54)were risk factors of occurrence of anxiety disorders,while junior high school(OR=0.65,95％CI:0.44-0.96)was protective factor of anxiety disor-ders.Conclusion:Adults with chronic diseases,poor sleep,unmarried or separated/divorced,family history of anxi-ety disorders,and financial debt are at higher risk groups of anxiety disorder in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Re-gion.

Objective:To describe the prevalence and distributions of mood disorder in Inner Mongolia Au-tonomous Region,and analyze the related risk factors.Methods:The multistage stratified sampling method with un-equal probability was used to select permanent residents aged 18 years and over in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Re-gion.The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 was used as a diagnostic tool.Mood disorders were di-agnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ).Single and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the related factors of mood disorders.Results:Totally,12 315 community residents were interviewed in the survey.The weighted 12-month prevalence and lifetime prevalence of mood disorder were 5.4％and 8.7％,respectively.Weighted 12-month prevalence of depressive disorder was 4.9％,and that of bipolar disorder was 0.3％.Among all subtypes of mood disorder,the 12-month prevalence rate of major depressive disorder(3.1％)was the highest.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female,unmarried,separated or divorced,unemployment,family history,other mental disorders,sleep disorders and chronic diseases(OR=1.56,2.80,2.07,1.42,13.46,7.97,3.23,2.13)were risk factors of mood disorder,while aged 65 years and over(OR=0.44)was protective factor of mood disorders.The lifetime consultation rate in patients with mood disorders was 15.5％,the rate of psychiatric consultation was 3.7％,the rate of medication was 1.8％.Con-clusion:It indicates that female residents and people who are unmarried,separated and divorced,unemployed,with family history,suffering from other mental disorders,suffering from sleep disorders,and suffering from chronic dis-eases may be high risk groups of mood disorders,and the utilization rate of health services is rather low in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Objective:To describe the prevalence of anxiety disorders and its distribution in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,and to explore the relevant factors of anxiety disorders.Methods:From June 2019 to Decem-ber 2019,representative multi-stage disproportionate stratified sampling procedure was used to sample in residents aged 18 and over in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.All respondents were face-to-face interviewed by trained interviewers.Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0(CIDI-3.0)was used to diagnose anxiety disorders according to the criteria and definition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ).Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical anal-ysis.Results:Totally 12 315 people were interviewed in the survey.The weighted 12-mouth prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder was 4.64％,and the lifetime prevalence rate was 6.25％.The weighted 12-month prevalence rate of anxiety disorders was higher in female than that in male(5.38％vs.3.92％).The rate was higher in rural resi-dents than that in urban residents(5.67％vs.3.95％).The rate was higher in people with chronic diseases than that in people without chronic diseases(6.81％vs.2.29％).Logistic regression analysis showed that unmarried(OR=2.32,95％CI:1.31-4.10),separated/divorced(OR=2.49,95％CI:1.33-4.67),in debt(OR=1.55,95％CI:1.04-2.32),chronic disease(OR=2.22,95％CI:1.39-3.53),family history of anxiety disorders(OR=12.05,95％CI:8.78-16.53),poor sleep(OR=2.64,95％CI:1.97-3.54)were risk factors of occurrence of anxiety disorders,while junior high school(OR=0.65,95％CI:0.44-0.96)was protective factor of anxiety disor-ders.Conclusion:Adults with chronic diseases,poor sleep,unmarried or separated/divorced,family history of anxi-ety disorders,and financial debt are at higher risk groups of anxiety disorder in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Re-gion.

Objective:To describe the prevalence and distributions of mood disorder in Inner Mongolia Au-tonomous Region,and analyze the related risk factors.Methods:The multistage stratified sampling method with un-equal probability was used to select permanent residents aged 18 years and over in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Re-gion.The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 was used as a diagnostic tool.Mood disorders were di-agnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ).Single and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the related factors of mood disorders.Results:Totally,12 315 community residents were interviewed in the survey.The weighted 12-month prevalence and lifetime prevalence of mood disorder were 5.4％and 8.7％,respectively.Weighted 12-month prevalence of depressive disorder was 4.9％,and that of bipolar disorder was 0.3％.Among all subtypes of mood disorder,the 12-month prevalence rate of major depressive disorder(3.1％)was the highest.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female,unmarried,separated or divorced,unemployment,family history,other mental disorders,sleep disorders and chronic diseases(OR=1.56,2.80,2.07,1.42,13.46,7.97,3.23,2.13)were risk factors of mood disorder,while aged 65 years and over(OR=0.44)was protective factor of mood disorders.The lifetime consultation rate in patients with mood disorders was 15.5％,the rate of psychiatric consultation was 3.7％,the rate of medication was 1.8％.Con-clusion:It indicates that female residents and people who are unmarried,separated and divorced,unemployed,with family history,suffering from other mental disorders,suffering from sleep disorders,and suffering from chronic dis-eases may be high risk groups of mood disorders,and the utilization rate of health services is rather low in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Objective:To analyze the hotspots and trends of the researches on artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Based on the core database of Web of Science, the studies over AI in the diagnosis and treatment of TBI published from January 2000 to June 2024 were obtained by searching with the subject headings. VOSviewer software was used to analyze the publication year trend, country publication volume, country cooperation network, author publication volume, author citation frequency and author cooperation network. CiteSpace software was also used to identify key words with a significant rise in frequency over a short period of time to obtain the research trends.Results:A total of 2 662 relevant studies were retrieved, from which 677 related with AI in the diagnosis and treatment of TBI were finally enrolled. The number of published studies per year generally showed a rapid growth from 2018 to 2023. The United States had the highest number of publications as a country (362 studies). The author Camarillo had the most publications (9 studies). Rehabilitation was the keyword with the highest frequency (133 times) and the clustering topics containing the three largest number of keywords were virtual reality (VR), mild TBI, and deep learning. The keywords of mobile application, mobile health and intracranial pressure showed a significant increase in frequency from January 2022 to June 2024.Conclusions:VR technology, mild TBI and deep learning technology are the research hotspots of AI in TBI diagnosis and treatment. Mobile apps, mobile health, and intracranial pressure may be new research trends for AI in the diagnosis and treatment of TBI.

Objective:To describe the current situation of mental health service utilization of community pa-tients with five mental disorders in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and provide reference for health education and formulating relevant policies.Methods:The multistage stratified sampling method with unequal probability was used to select a total of 12 315 community residents aged 18 and over in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Using Composite International Diagnostic Interview,mood disorders,anxiety disorders,substance use disorders,intermit-tent explosive disorders,and eating disorders,and health service utilization were investigated.Descriptive statistics was completed by single factor analysis method.Results:The lifetime rates of consultation and treatment of any mental disorder were 18.7％and 10.2％,respectively.The highest proportion of patients received treatment by non-medical professionals was 31.4％,followed by psychiatrists in psychiatric hospital or psychologists in general hospitals.Among the patients,1.1％of them received medication,and 2.5％received psychotherapy.Conclusion:The utilization rate of mental health services in community patients with five mental disorders is relatively low.It is necessary to conduct health education for medical help seeking properly.

The treatment of bi （痹） disease in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》） is mainly based on acupuncture therapy. There are differences in needling depth， angle， needling techniques， number of needles and the selection of needle instruments. By reviewing literature， it is found that in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor， five body constituents （skin， vessel， flesh， sinew， bone） disease location differentiation is taken as the principle for the diagnosis and treatment of bi disease， guiding the needle to the lesion level where the disease is located， and according to the severity of the disease， the characteristics of pathological qi and other factors， the choice of specific acupuncture method and needles are made. This paper summarized and grouped the 17 kinds of acupuncture methods for the treatment of bi disease according to the different five body consitutuents disease location. For needle instruments， filiform needles which can softly unblock and regulate qi are often used in the treatment of bi disease. Lance needles are good at treating vessel bi with the function of clearing blood and moving qi. Round-sharp needles and fire needles are applicable for sinew bi， among which fire needles are especially good at that induced by cold. Long needles have advantages for deep-seated bi disease due to their long needle body. The puncturing method should be in accordance with the needle instruments. The five body instituents disease location differentiation and treatment is a unique system of acupuncture in the treatment of bi disease， which is worthy of more inheritance and application.