Objective To observe the protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Emodin and Geniposide compatibility on the intestinal mucosal barrier function damage in rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,Emodin group,Geniposide group,Emodin and Geniposide compatibility group(compatibility group),and Ulinastatin group.The SIRS model in rats was established by abdominal injection of yeast polysaccharide.The Emodin,Geniposide,Ulinastatin,and compatibility groups received administration immediately and 12 hours after the injection of yeast polysaccharide.After 24 hours of modeling,the contents of D-lactate(D-LA),diamine oxidase(DAO),endotoxin(ET),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukins(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10)in the serum of each group were measured;The small intestine was taken for histopathological examination,and the positive protein expression levels of nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65)and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4)in the small intestine tissue were determined by immuno histochemistry.Results Compared with the normal control group,the levels of D-LA,DAO,ET,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 in the serum of the model group were significantly increased[D-LA(μmol/L):99.11±11.93 vs.36.94±1.92,DAO(U/L):5 018.80±759.00 vs.2 253.23±372.40,ET(μg/L):0.36±0.04 vs.0.15±0.02,TNF-α(ng/L):66.61±20.88 vs.9.47±0.78,IL-1β(ng/L):63.73±7.64 vs.25.86±5.90,IL-6(ng/L):392.00±56.47 vs.111.17±36.22,IL-10(ng/L):41.90±8.12 vs.19.75±1.54,all P<0.05],histopathological observations showed that the small intestine mucosa was significantly swollen,the arrangement of mucosal epithelial cells was disordered,and there was cell shedding,increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the intestinal mucosa,decreased goblet cells,loose and congested lamina propria;the positive protein expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB in the small intestine tissue was enhanced[TLR-4 positive protein expression(A value):0.59±0.08 vs.0.27±0.04,NF-κB positive protein expression(A value):0.65±0.07 vs.0.30±0.06,both P<0.05].Compared with the model group,the levels of D-LA,DAO,and ET in the serum of the Emodin group,Geniposide group,Ulinastatin group,and compatibility group were significantly decreased[D-LA(μmol/L):67.49±8.32,69.08±6.76,69.17±5.63,58.16±7.12 vs.99.11±11.93,DAO(U/L):3 659.38±563.90,3 713.29±354.70,3 575.30±444.4,3 087.01±227.50 vs.5 018.80±759.0,ET(μg/L):0.27±0.04,0.24±0.03,0.23±0.03,0.20±0.02 vs.0.36±0.04,all P<0.05],and the contents of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 were significantly decreased[TNF-α(ng/L):44.34±10.63,39.23±11.74,35.80±11.49,28.74±9.56 vs.66.61±20.88,IL-1β(ng/L):50.30±8.22,46.74±5.10,48.25±5.16,40.84±5.02 vs.63.73±7.64,IL-6(ng/L):299.27±50.65,263.98±37.62,281.84±63.24,216.72±38.90 vs.392.00±56.47,all P<0.05].The levels of serum anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 were significantly increased(ng/L:92.63±32.83,87.34±30.79,71.66±16.82,133.70±39.40 vs.41.90±8.12,all P<0.05).The pathological changes in the intestinal tissue of the Emodin group,Geniposide group,compatibility group,and Ulinastatin group were reduced,and the positive expressions of NF-κB p65 and TLR-4 proteins in the small intestine tissue were significantly decreased[TLR-4 positive protein expression(A value):0.49±0.03,0.47±0.08,0.36±0.08,0.42±0.06 vs.0.59±0.08,NF-κB p65 positive protein expression(A value):0.50±0.06,0.49±0.07,0.42±0.06,0.46±0.09 vs.0.65±0.07,all P<0.05].Compared with the Emodin group and Geniposide group,the serum D-LA,DAO,ET,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in the compatibility group were significantly decreased,the serum IL-10 level was significantly increased,the pathological changes in the intestinal tissue were reduced,and the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and TLR-4 in the small intestine tissue were significantly decreased(all P<0.05).Conclusions Emodin and Geniposide can help relieve SIRS induced by yeast polysaccharide,and their effect is related to protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibiting the inflammatory response.When combined,they exhibit a synergistic effect.

In order to understand nurses’ willingness to participate in humanistic nursing training and its influencing factors, and provide reference for managers to understand the current situation and improve nurses’ enthusiasm for humanistic nursing training. The convenience sampling method was used to investigate 23 707 nurses in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) through a self-designed questionnaire distributed on the Internet. The results showed that 98.1% of nurses thought that participating in humanistic nursing related training was helpful to clinical work, but only 88.6% of the respondents were willing to participate in humanistic nursing training. Thirty factors were analyzed from four aspects of basic characteristics of individuals, cognitive relevant experience and organizational atmosphere. Fifteen factors had significant significance in binary Logistic regression analysis (P<0.05). Among them, the factors that had a positive impact on training willingness were: marriage, education, professional title, post establishment, agree with humanistic care is the basic duty of a nurse praised, experience of being praised at work, family support, rapport with patients, passion of colleagues to participate in training, sustained high-quality care demonstration activities, join the humanistic care related organization, hospital reimbursement of training expenses (OR value of 6.559~1.113, P<0.001). The OR value of humanistic nursing as a nurse’s responsibility was 6.559 and the 95%CI was 5.585~7.702. The factors that hindered nurses from participating in training were: work occupied most of time and energy, think humanistic nursing is abstract and difficult to understand, think the mastered humanistic knowledge and skills meet the needs of work (OR value of 0.657~0.722, P<0.001). Through the analysis, it is considered that nurses have a extremely consistent high recognition of the significance of humanistic nursing training, but their willingness to receive training is affected by many factors such as individual experience, cognitive attitude and organizational atmosphere. In order to realize nurses’ high recognition of humanistic nursing training to high enthusiasm of behavior, the aspects of individual cognition and organizational atmosphere must be discussed.

Objective:To analyze the psychological experience of physical privacy protection during critical care for postoperative lung cancer patients.Methods:This study adopted the descriptive phenomenology method. From January 5 to 31, 2022, purposive sampling was used to select 20 postoperative lung cancer patients from Tongji University affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital for semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interview data was processed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:This study extracted 4 themes, including emphasizing privacy protection, being involuntary after operation, attitudes and reactions to privacy exposure (understanding and acceptance, complaints and doubts, indifference and conformity, shame and helplessness, sensitivity and resistance), needs and expectations (patients performing life care themselves, same-sex nursing procedures, and negotiating with patients before operation) .Conclusions:Postoperative lung cancer patients have a high sensitivity to exposing their private parts of the body during critical care. Patients have a negative psychological state after exposing their physical privacy, and there is a high need and expectation for physical privacy protection.

Radiotherapy, as a common modality for the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC), frequently induces oral and maxillofacial complications. However, the complex tissues and diverse pathogeneses of these regions lead to limited treatment protocols and research progress currently. This paper systematically summarizes radiation-induced oral mucositis, salivary gland injury, and dental caries in radiotherapy for HNC and reviews existing pathogenetic hypotheses, treatment, and research progress. The purpose is to provide some reference for further research on relevant pathological mechanisms and the development of new preventive and treatment methods.

ObjectiveTo compare the differences in resistance and structure of skin between acupoints and non-acupoints， and to study the difference in skin permeability characteristics of Corydalis Rhizoma total alkaloid patches （CTTP） after administration at Shenque acupoint and non-acupoint， so as to provide experimental support for its clinical acupoint application to prevent and treat chronic pain. MethodTaking corydaline （CD）， tetrahydropalmatine （THP） and corydalis L （CDL） as evaluation indexes， and the quantitative analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The mobile phase was methanol-0.04 mol·L^-1 phosphoric acid aqueous solution （70∶30， pH 6.0 adjusted with triethylamine）， the detection wavelength was 281 nm. In vitro transdermal test in Franz diffusion cell and in vivo transdermal test were used to study the skin permeability characteristics of CTTP through Shenque acupoint and non-acupoint administration. At the same time， the skin resistance between Shenque acupoint and non-acupoint was measured before and after the administration， and the distribution of the drug in each layer of the skin was compared by freezing sectioning， and visual verification was performed with fluorescence inverted microscope. ResultAfter 24 h of administration， the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the cumulative permeation and retention of CD， THP and CDL at Shenque acupoint skin were higher than those at non-acupoint skin （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the skin resistance of Shenque acupoint was lower than that of non-acupoint at all time points. The fluorescence microscopic observation results showed that the drug content of each layer of the skin was all Shenque acupoint>non-acupoint， indicating that the skin of Shenque acupoint had better effect on drug penetration and storage than non-acupoint. ConclusionThe 24 h cumulative permeation and retention of CTTP in Shenque acupoint skin are higher than those in non-acupoint skin， and the mechanism may be related to the thin skin， low electrical resistance and large number of hair follicle bodies at Shenque acupoint.

This paper expounds the concept of humanistic nursing and humanistic nursing training, and summarizes the current situation of humanistic nursing training. Mainly includes training courses based on humanistic care nursing theory, training courses based on humanistic medical practice skill training, training courses based on training mode, training courses guided by promoting hospital development, humanistic training aimed at developing humanistic nursing discipline, etc. Through summarizing the existing research results, to provide reference for the construction of systematic training courses of humanistic nursing practice ability.

In order to understand nurses’ willingness to participate in humanistic nursing training and its influencing factors, and provide reference for managers to understand the current situation and improve nurses’ enthusiasm for humanistic nursing training. The convenience sampling method was used to investigate 23 707 nurses in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) through a self-designed questionnaire distributed on the Internet. The results showed that 98.1% of nurses thought that participating in humanistic nursing related training was helpful to clinical work, but only 88.6% of the respondents were willing to participate in humanistic nursing training. Thirty factors were analyzed from four aspects of basic characteristics of individuals, cognitive relevant experience and organizational atmosphere. Fifteen factors had significant significance in binary Logistic regression analysis (P<0.05). Among them, the factors that had a positive impact on training willingness were: marriage, education, professional title, post establishment, agree with humanistic care is the basic duty of a nurse praised, experience of being praised at work, family support, rapport with patients, passion of colleagues to participate in training, sustained high-quality care demonstration activities, join the humanistic care related organization, hospital reimbursement of training expenses (OR value of 6.559~1.113, P<0.001). The OR value of humanistic nursing as a nurse’s responsibility was 6.559 and the 95%CI was 5.585~7.702. The factors that hindered nurses from participating in training were: work occupied most of time and energy, think humanistic nursing is abstract and difficult to understand, think the mastered humanistic knowledge and skills meet the needs of work (OR value of 0.657~0.722, P<0.001). Through the analysis, it is considered that nurses have a extremely consistent high recognition of the significance of humanistic nursing training, but their willingness to receive training is affected by many factors such as individual experience, cognitive attitude and organizational atmosphere. In order to realize nurses’ high recognition of humanistic nursing training to high enthusiasm of behavior, the aspects of individual cognition and organizational atmosphere must be discussed.

Objective:To assess the urethral mobility of normal parous women in China and explore the impacts of related risk factors on it using translabial ultrasound.Methods:Females who met the inclusion criteria in 37 tertiary hospitals from February 2017 to August 2018 were included. All women underwent standardized translabial ultrasound examination and the urethral rotation angle (URA), bladder neck position at maximum Valsalva maneuver (BNP-V) and bladder neck descent (BND) were measured. Questionnaires were used to collect basic information including age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), past medical history, maternity history, and urinary incontinence related history. Mann-Whitney U test and multiple linear regression analysis were adopted to explore the influences of age, BMI, delivery mode and parity on normal parous women′s urethral mobility. Then, the study subjects were divided into different groups and the corresponding values of URA, BNP-V and BND were compared. Results:Compared with parous women with normal BMI and no history of vaginal delivery, those who were overweight and/or had a history of vaginal delivery were more likely to gain greater URA and BND ( P<0.05). The URA and BND were not significantly different between women with different times of cesarean sections ( P>0.05); while for women with a history of vaginal delivery, these two parameters increased with the increase of the number of transvaginal deliveries ( P<0.05). Conclusions:BMI and vaginal delivery are important risk factors for the urethral mobility of normal parous women. The urethral mobility increases with the increase of BMI and the number of vaginal deliveries.

Objective:To analyze the changes in biological characteristics including infectivity, growth and pathogenicity of Chlamydia muridarum ( Cm) after serial passage in vitro in special conditions in order to provide reference for screening attenuated live vaccines and virulence-related genes. Methods:Wild-type Cm strain (G0) was cultured for several passages using conventional cell culture method under alternate unassisted and assisted culture conditions. Then, the 28th generation (G28) of Cm was selected and compared with the parental G0 strain in terms of centrifugation dependence, attaching ability, intracellular growth curve, plaque size and fallopian tube lesions after genital tract infection in a mouse model. Results:Compared with the parental G0 strain, the G28 strain showed significantly decreased dependence on centrifugation during cell infection ( P<0.05) and increased attachment capacity to cells ( P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the growth curves 32 h after cell infection or in the plaque sizes between the parental G0 and G28 strains. In the in vivo virulence test, fallopian tube lesions were observed in 87.5% of G0-infected mice and 37.5% of G28-infected mice ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the parental G0 strain, the G28 strain showed significantly enhanced in vitro infection ability, but decreased in vivo pathogenicity, which brought hope for further identification of virulence genes, isolation of attenuated strains with single genotype and development of live attenuated Chlamydia vaccines.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common complications after liver transplantation. The survival rate of recipients after liver transplantation with diabetes mellitus and the long-term survival rate of grafts are significantly lower than those of their counterparts without diabetes mellitus. In recent years, diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation has attracted widespread attention along with the rapid development of liver transplantation in China. Although post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) has been extensively investigated in the past two decades, multiple problems remain to be further resolved. The study was designed to review the latest research progress upon diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation, covering the definition and diagnostic criteria of PTDM, risk factors, prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation, aiming to deepen the understanding of diabetes mellitus following liver transplantation, deliver effective prevention and management, improve the long-term survival rate and enhance the quality of life of the recipients.