[Purpose]To analyze cancer incidence and mortality in Xinjiang cancer registration ar-eas in 2020 and the trends from 2016 to 2020.[Methods]Incidence and mortality data of cancer reported by four cancer registration areas in Xinjiang in 2020 were collected.Crude incidence and mortality rates,age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC),and world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW),and cumulative rate(0～74 years old)were calculated.The Chinese standard population(2000 national census)and Segi's world standard population were used for standardization.Joinpoint regression was applied to ana-lyze the trends of incidence and mortality from 2016 to 2020,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)was calculated.[Results]In 2020,the crude incidence rate of cancer in Xinjiang cancer registration areas was 291.67/105(286.64/105 for male,296.64/105 for female),ASIRC and ASIRW were 190.43/105 and 206.58/105,and the cumulative incidence rate(0～74 years old)was 20.51％.The crude mortality rate was 185.58/105(2 1 8.79/105 for male,152.78/105 for female),ASMRC and ASMRW were 109.13/105 and 126.64/105,and the cumulative mortality rate(0～74 years old)was 11.54％.In 2020,the incidence and mortality rates increased with age,peaking in the age groups of 80～84 and ≥85 years old,respectively.Lung cancer was the leading cause of incidence(crude incidence rate:51.13/10s),followed by female breast cancer,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer and stomach cancer.Lung cancer was also the leading cause of mortality(crude mortality rate:41.14/105),followed by liver cancer,colorectal cancer,stomach cancer and fe-male breast cancer.There was no significant change in the ASIRC/ASMRC from 2016 to 2020(incidence AAPC=2.95％,mortality AAPC=8.51％,both P＞0.05).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality of cancer in Xinjiang cancer registration areas were stable from 2016 to 2020.Lung cancer,digestive system cancers(colorectal,gastric,liver cancers),and female breast cancer re-main the main cancers threatening the health of Xinjiang residents,indicating the need to strengthen screening and early diagnosis and treatment.

[Purpose]To analyze cancer incidence and mortality in Xinjiang cancer registration ar-eas in 2020 and the trends from 2016 to 2020.[Methods]Incidence and mortality data of cancer reported by four cancer registration areas in Xinjiang in 2020 were collected.Crude incidence and mortality rates,age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC),and world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW),and cumulative rate(0～74 years old)were calculated.The Chinese standard population(2000 national census)and Segi's world standard population were used for standardization.Joinpoint regression was applied to ana-lyze the trends of incidence and mortality from 2016 to 2020,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)was calculated.[Results]In 2020,the crude incidence rate of cancer in Xinjiang cancer registration areas was 291.67/105(286.64/105 for male,296.64/105 for female),ASIRC and ASIRW were 190.43/105 and 206.58/105,and the cumulative incidence rate(0～74 years old)was 20.51％.The crude mortality rate was 185.58/105(2 1 8.79/105 for male,152.78/105 for female),ASMRC and ASMRW were 109.13/105 and 126.64/105,and the cumulative mortality rate(0～74 years old)was 11.54％.In 2020,the incidence and mortality rates increased with age,peaking in the age groups of 80～84 and ≥85 years old,respectively.Lung cancer was the leading cause of incidence(crude incidence rate:51.13/10s),followed by female breast cancer,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer and stomach cancer.Lung cancer was also the leading cause of mortality(crude mortality rate:41.14/105),followed by liver cancer,colorectal cancer,stomach cancer and fe-male breast cancer.There was no significant change in the ASIRC/ASMRC from 2016 to 2020(incidence AAPC=2.95％,mortality AAPC=8.51％,both P＞0.05).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality of cancer in Xinjiang cancer registration areas were stable from 2016 to 2020.Lung cancer,digestive system cancers(colorectal,gastric,liver cancers),and female breast cancer re-main the main cancers threatening the health of Xinjiang residents,indicating the need to strengthen screening and early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of intraarticular vancomycin on early periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in knee arthroplasty and the incidence of postoperative complications.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 1 867 patients who underwent primary knee arthroplasty at Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from April 2022 to June 2023 were retrospectively analysed, including total knee arthroplasty (TKA), robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) and unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). There were 687 males and 1 180 females, aged (68.0±11.2)years(range:45 to 87 years). Patients were divided into the vancomycin group and the control group according to whether or not intra-articular injection of 1 g of vancomycin powder dissolved in 30 ml of saline was performed after intraoperative joint capsule closure. In the vancomycin group, 925 patients were included, including 782 TKA, 27 RA-TKA and 116 UKA.In the control group, 942 patients were included, including 767 TKA, 99 RA-TKA and 76 UKA. Early PJI, wound complications, and vancomycin-related toxicity including acute renal collapse, ototoxicity, and allergic reactions were assessed within 3 months postoperatively. The data were compared using the independent sample t test, χ2 test, and Fisher's exact probability method, as appropriate. Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC). Results:No PJI was found in all patients in the vancomycin group.Five cases (0.7%,5/767) of early PJI were found in TKA patients in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.030); 1 case of early PJI was found in each RA-TKA and UKA patients, with non-significant difference compared with vancomycin group (all P>0.05). Two cases (0.3%,2/782) of incisional complications were found in TKA patients in the vancomycin group, and 4 cases (0.5%, 4/767) of incisional complications were found in TKA patients in the control group, with non-significant difference( P=0.449); no incisional complication was found in RA-TKA patients in the vancomycin group, and 1 case (1.0%,1/99) of incisional complications were found in RA-TKA patients in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05); no incisional complication was found in both groups of UKA patients.No vancomycin-related acute kidney injury, ototoxicity, or allergic reactions was observed in all patients. Conclusion:Intra-articular injection of 1 g of vancomycin suspension after arthrotomy closure during TKA maybe lower the risk of early PJI without increasing the risk of wound complication and vancomycin-associated systemic toxicity.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of intraarticular vancomycin on early periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in knee arthroplasty and the incidence of postoperative complications.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 1 867 patients who underwent primary knee arthroplasty at Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from April 2022 to June 2023 were retrospectively analysed, including total knee arthroplasty (TKA), robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) and unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). There were 687 males and 1 180 females, aged (68.0±11.2)years(range:45 to 87 years). Patients were divided into the vancomycin group and the control group according to whether or not intra-articular injection of 1 g of vancomycin powder dissolved in 30 ml of saline was performed after intraoperative joint capsule closure. In the vancomycin group, 925 patients were included, including 782 TKA, 27 RA-TKA and 116 UKA.In the control group, 942 patients were included, including 767 TKA, 99 RA-TKA and 76 UKA. Early PJI, wound complications, and vancomycin-related toxicity including acute renal collapse, ototoxicity, and allergic reactions were assessed within 3 months postoperatively. The data were compared using the independent sample t test, χ2 test, and Fisher's exact probability method, as appropriate. Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC). Results:No PJI was found in all patients in the vancomycin group.Five cases (0.7%,5/767) of early PJI were found in TKA patients in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.030); 1 case of early PJI was found in each RA-TKA and UKA patients, with non-significant difference compared with vancomycin group (all P>0.05). Two cases (0.3%,2/782) of incisional complications were found in TKA patients in the vancomycin group, and 4 cases (0.5%, 4/767) of incisional complications were found in TKA patients in the control group, with non-significant difference( P=0.449); no incisional complication was found in RA-TKA patients in the vancomycin group, and 1 case (1.0%,1/99) of incisional complications were found in RA-TKA patients in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05); no incisional complication was found in both groups of UKA patients.No vancomycin-related acute kidney injury, ototoxicity, or allergic reactions was observed in all patients. Conclusion:Intra-articular injection of 1 g of vancomycin suspension after arthrotomy closure during TKA maybe lower the risk of early PJI without increasing the risk of wound complication and vancomycin-associated systemic toxicity.

Objective:To analyze the prognosis and risk factors for complete common peroneal nerve injury after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and revision via the modified Hardinge approach.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 11 patients (nerve injury group) who had developed complete common peroneal nerve injury after THA and revision via the modified Hardinge approach at Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from April 2016 to April 2022. There were 7 males and 4 females, with an age at the time of surgery of (59.5±10.1) years and a body mass index of (26.1±3.5) kg/m 2. In a 1∶5 ratio, another 55 patients were included in the nerve injury free group who had not developed common peroneal nerve injury after THA or revision and were matched in surgical year, surgical type, surgical approach, prosthesis fixation mode, and chief surgeon. The clinical data were compared between the 2 groups. Variables with P<0.05 were included in a multifactorial logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors for the complete common peroneal nerve injury after THA and revision via the modified Hardinge approach. The time for recovery of nerve function and functional recovery of the common peroneal nerve at the last follow-up were recorded in the nerve injury group. Results:The differences were statistically significant between the 2 groups in the comparisons of drainage tube placement, body mass index, operative time, and postoperative limb lengthening ( P<0.05). The multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that absence of drainage tube placement ( OR=0.047, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.680, P=0.025) and long operative time ( OR=1.063, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.128, P=0.044) were the risk factors for complete common peroneal nerve injury after THA and revision. The 11 patients were followed up for (48.0±22.0) months after operation. The function of the common peroneal nerve recovered fully at postoperative 3, 21, and 24 months respectively in 3 patients, and began to recover at postoperative 2, 3, 10, and 48 months and recovered to muscle strength levels 3, 2, 2, and 1 at the last follow-up in 4 patients respectively. The neurological function of the common peroneal nerve did not recover in 4 patients whose feet drooped significantly during walking to seriously affect their daily life. Conclusions:Absence of drainage tube placement and long operative time are the risk factors for complete common peroneal nerve injury after THA and revision via the modified Hardinge approach. Once complete common peroneal nerve injury occurs, the prognosis is generally poor for the patients.

Objective:To analyze the prognosis and risk factors for complete common peroneal nerve injury after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and revision via the modified Hardinge approach.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 11 patients (nerve injury group) who had developed complete common peroneal nerve injury after THA and revision via the modified Hardinge approach at Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from April 2016 to April 2022. There were 7 males and 4 females, with an age at the time of surgery of (59.5±10.1) years and a body mass index of (26.1±3.5) kg/m 2. In a 1∶5 ratio, another 55 patients were included in the nerve injury free group who had not developed common peroneal nerve injury after THA or revision and were matched in surgical year, surgical type, surgical approach, prosthesis fixation mode, and chief surgeon. The clinical data were compared between the 2 groups. Variables with P<0.05 were included in a multifactorial logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors for the complete common peroneal nerve injury after THA and revision via the modified Hardinge approach. The time for recovery of nerve function and functional recovery of the common peroneal nerve at the last follow-up were recorded in the nerve injury group. Results:The differences were statistically significant between the 2 groups in the comparisons of drainage tube placement, body mass index, operative time, and postoperative limb lengthening ( P<0.05). The multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that absence of drainage tube placement ( OR=0.047, 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.680, P=0.025) and long operative time ( OR=1.063, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.128, P=0.044) were the risk factors for complete common peroneal nerve injury after THA and revision. The 11 patients were followed up for (48.0±22.0) months after operation. The function of the common peroneal nerve recovered fully at postoperative 3, 21, and 24 months respectively in 3 patients, and began to recover at postoperative 2, 3, 10, and 48 months and recovered to muscle strength levels 3, 2, 2, and 1 at the last follow-up in 4 patients respectively. The neurological function of the common peroneal nerve did not recover in 4 patients whose feet drooped significantly during walking to seriously affect their daily life. Conclusions:Absence of drainage tube placement and long operative time are the risk factors for complete common peroneal nerve injury after THA and revision via the modified Hardinge approach. Once complete common peroneal nerve injury occurs, the prognosis is generally poor for the patients.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of platelet count(PC),PC to mean platelet volume(MPV) ratio(PC/MPV) and plateletcrit(PCT) in chronic periprosthetic joint infection(PJI).Methods:The medical records of 159 patients who underwent hip or knee revisions at Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from August 2013 to June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 51 patients(26 knees and 25 hips) in the PJI group,which included 28 males and 23 females,aged (68.0±11.8)years (range:32 to 84 years)with a body mass index(BMI)of (26.1±3.6) kg/m2.There were 116 patients(19 knees and 97 hips) in the aseptic loosening(AL) group,including 67 males and 49 females,aged (70.3±8.9)years(range:49 to 89 years)with a BMI of (25.0±3.6)kg/m2.The plasma C-reactive protein(CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),PC,MPV,PC/MPV and PCT levels of the two groups were recorded and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker,expect for MPV,and the diagnostic value of each biomarker was compared according to the area under the curve(AUC).Independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison between groups. Results:Compared with AL group,AJI group had significantly higher levels of CRP,ESR,PC,PC/MPV and PCT(all P<0.05),but lower level of MPV ( P<0.05).The AUCs for CRP,ESR,PC,PC/MPV and PCT were 0.820, 0.829, 0.689, 0.668 and 0.676,respectively. Based on the Youden index,the optimal predictive cutoff for CRP was 11.12 mg/L,with a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 87.1%.The optimal predictive cutoff for ESR was 17.60 mm/1 h,with a sensitivity of 81.4% and a specificity of 75.3%.The optimal predictive cutoff for PC was 243.00×10 9/L,with a sensitivity of 60.6% and a specificity of 71.8%.The optimal predictive cutoff for PC/MPV was 24.95,the sensitivity was 58.1% and the specificity was 74.1%.And the optimal predictive cutoff for PCT was 0.24%,with a sensitivity of 69.8% and a specificity of 63.5%. Conclusion:PC,PC to MPV ratio and PCT are of limited value to diagnose PJI.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of platelet count(PC),PC to mean platelet volume(MPV) ratio(PC/MPV) and plateletcrit(PCT) in chronic periprosthetic joint infection(PJI).Methods:The medical records of 159 patients who underwent hip or knee revisions at Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from August 2013 to June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 51 patients(26 knees and 25 hips) in the PJI group,which included 28 males and 23 females,aged (68.0±11.8)years (range:32 to 84 years)with a body mass index(BMI)of (26.1±3.6) kg/m2.There were 116 patients(19 knees and 97 hips) in the aseptic loosening(AL) group,including 67 males and 49 females,aged (70.3±8.9)years(range:49 to 89 years)with a BMI of (25.0±3.6)kg/m2.The plasma C-reactive protein(CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),PC,MPV,PC/MPV and PCT levels of the two groups were recorded and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker,expect for MPV,and the diagnostic value of each biomarker was compared according to the area under the curve(AUC).Independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison between groups. Results:Compared with AL group,AJI group had significantly higher levels of CRP,ESR,PC,PC/MPV and PCT(all P<0.05),but lower level of MPV ( P<0.05).The AUCs for CRP,ESR,PC,PC/MPV and PCT were 0.820, 0.829, 0.689, 0.668 and 0.676,respectively. Based on the Youden index,the optimal predictive cutoff for CRP was 11.12 mg/L,with a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 87.1%.The optimal predictive cutoff for ESR was 17.60 mm/1 h,with a sensitivity of 81.4% and a specificity of 75.3%.The optimal predictive cutoff for PC was 243.00×10 9/L,with a sensitivity of 60.6% and a specificity of 71.8%.The optimal predictive cutoff for PC/MPV was 24.95,the sensitivity was 58.1% and the specificity was 74.1%.And the optimal predictive cutoff for PCT was 0.24%,with a sensitivity of 69.8% and a specificity of 63.5%. Conclusion:PC,PC to MPV ratio and PCT are of limited value to diagnose PJI.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze gene variants in a Chinese pedigree with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). METHODS: Gene sequencing of the proband and his parents was performed using chip capture high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing techniques, and PolyPhen-2, SIFT, MutationTaster, and FATHMM software were used to predict the function of new variants. At the same time,the pedigree and variant genes of 4 albinism patients from this pedigree were analyzed. RESULTS: Sequencing results showed that the proband's TYR gene (NM_000372) has c.230G>A (p.Arg77Gln) and c.120_121insG (p.Asp42GlyfsTer35) compound heterozygous variants. The proband's father carries c.230G>A heterozygous variant, and the mother carries c.120_121insG heterozygous variant, indicating that the proband's two variants are from his father and mother. The former is a known missense variant, which can cause abnormal or loss of the original function of the protein polypeptide chain. The latter c.120_121insG(p.Asp42GlyfsTer35) is an unreported frameshift variant of the TYR gene subregion (EX1; CDS1). PolyPhen-2, SIFT, MutationTaster and FATHMM predictions are all prompted as "harmful variants". This variant caused the amino acid encoded protein to terminate prematurely, producing a truncated protein, which eventually formed a 76-amino acid short-type TYR protein instead of the 529-amino acid wild-type TYR protein. Through the pedigree analysis, the four patients in the pedigree are all of the same type of compound heterozygous variants, and the disease-causing genes are all from the patient's parents. They belong to a special form of consanguineous marriage within 5 generations. CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous variants of c.230G>A (p.Arg77Gln) and c.120_121insG (p.Asp42GlyfsTer35) of the TYR gene may underlie the disease in this pedigree. The gene sequencing results enrich the variant spectrum of the TYR gene, and has facilitated molecular diagnosis for the patient.
Albinism, Oculocutaneous/genetics* ; Consanguinity ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree

Objective To explore the variation trends of interleukin-1β( IL-1β) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in both normal and affected sides of brain tissues in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury and the therapeutic action of electroacupuncture.Methods The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established with suture embolization in the right middle cerebral artery.The rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and electroacupunture group.Each group was then divided into six subgroups by the time after operation (12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,144 h), ten rats in each subgroup. Frozen sections of brain tissues were prepared and the expression of IL-1βand ICAM-1 in brain tissues of both sides were detec-ted by immunohistochemistry.Results The expressions of IL-1βand ICAM-1 showed typical bimodal pattern in both affected is-chemic region and contralateral normal region.In the model group, the peaks of IL-1βin the cerebral ischemic region were at 12 h and 48 h, while in the contralateral normal region the peaks were at 12 h and 144 h, the expression of IL-1βin the ischemic region was significantly higher than that in the contralateral normal region at 48 h (P<0.05), and lower at 96 h and 144 h (P <0.05).In the electroacupuncture group, the expressions of IL-1βin the ipsilateral region were significantly lower than that in the contralateral region at 24 h, 48 h and 144 h (P<0.05).In the model group, the peaks of ICAM-1 in the cerebral ischemic regions were at 24 h and 72 h, while in the contralateral normal regions the peaks were at 24 h and 144 h.In the electroacupunc-ture group, the expressions of ICAM-1 in the ischemic regions were significantly lower than that in the contralateral normal re-gions at all the 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 144 h (P<0.05).Conclusions Our findings suggest that electroacupuncture may inhibit the inflammation of ischemia/reperfusion brain tissue through reducing the expression of IL-1βand ICAM-1 to relieve the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.