This paper comprehensively discusses on the potential neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of tobacco dependence， focusing on three important aspects， including acupuncture's regulation of tobacco dependence behavior， effects of acupuncture on withdrawal syndrome， and the role of acupuncture in preventing relapse. It is found that acupuncture can inhibit drug-seeking behavior by regulating the reward pathway and related neurons， such as dopamine， thus modulating tobacco dependence behavior. It also alleviates withdrawal symptoms by improving the oral environment of smokers and reducing negative emotions after quitting. Furthermore， acupuncture can prevent relapse by decreasing brain network activity related to smoking cravings and improving cognitive brain functions like addiction memory. Currently， research on the specific neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture in treating tobacco dependence and the involved neural circuits is limited. Future research directions are proposed， including the evaluation of clinical effects， exploration of specific therapeutic mechanisms， investigation of brain pathology， and strengthening the exploration of brain functions. Additionally， combining modern technologies to clarify the neural circuits involved in acupuncture intervention will provide a basis for acupuncture treatment of tobacco addiction.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of astilbin （AST） on renal injury in chronic renal failure （CRF） rats based on the Jagged-1/Notch-1 signaling pathway. METHODS CRF model was constructed by 5/6 nephrotomy. The successfully modeled rats were randomly separated into Model group， AST low-dose group （AST-L group）， AST high-dose group （AST-H group）， high-dose of AST+Notch pathway activator （Jagged-1/FC chimerin， referred to as “JFC”） group （AST-H+ JFC group）， and control group （CK group） for open surgery without resection was set up， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the AST-L group and AST-H group were given 40 and 80 mg/kg AST， respectively； the rats in the AST-H+JFC group were simultaneously given 80 mg/kg AST and 0.5 mg/kg JFC， and the rats in the CK group and Model group were given an equal volume of normal saline， once a day， for 4 weeks. After the last administration， the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （SCr）， and the level of 24 h urinary protein （UP） in urine， as well as the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-10 in each group were detected. The morphology and fibrosis of renal tissue were observed. The content of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） and the activities of sodium-potassium ATPase and calcium-magnesium ATPase in mitochondria of renal tissue were detected. The protein expressions of transforming growth factor- β （TGF- β）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， cleaved-caspase-3， Jagged-1 and Notch-1 in renal tissue were also observed. RESULTS Compared with CK group， the renal tissue of rats in the Model group was obviously damaged， renal tissue fibrosis was severe； the serum BUN and SCr levels， urine UP level， serum 4 LDH， TNF-α and IL-6 levels， as well as the protein expressions of TGF-β， HIF-1α， α-SMA， cleaved-caspase-3， Jagged-1 and Notch-1 in renal tissue were significantly increased， while the serum IL-10 level， ATP content and activities of sodium-potassium ATPase and calcium-magnesium ATPase in mitochondria of renal tissue were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with Model group， the renal tissue damage and fibrosis in the AST groups were reduced， the serum BUN and SCr levels， urine UP level， serum LDH， TNF-α and IL-6 levels， and the protein expressions of TGF-β， HIF-1α， α-SMA， cleaved-caspase-3， Jagged-1 and Notch-1 were significantly decreased， while the serum IL-10 level， ATP content and the activities of sodium-potassium ATPase and calcium-magnesium ATPase in mitochondria were significantly increased； the changes in the aforementioned indicators in AST- H group were more significant than those in the AST-L group（P＜0.05）. JFC could significantly reverse the improvement effect of high dose of AST on renal injury in CRF rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS AST can reduce inflammation in CRF rats， alleviate renal tissue damage and fibrosis， and improve renal mitochondrial capacity metabolism， possibly by inhibiting the Jagged-1/Notch-1 signaling pathway.

Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are two types of parasites that can cause intestinal infections in humans. Patients can be transmitted through the ingestion of food and drinking water contaminated with cysts, and present symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea after infection. If Entamoeba histolytica infection is not actively and effectively treated, patients may also present with clinical manifestations such as purulent and bloody stools and colonic ulcers. This study reports a diarrhea case with concurrent infection of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. During the diagnostic process, the parasites were rapidly detected using the direct saline smear method. Subsequently, iodine staining and iron hematoxylin staining techniques were employed to meticulously observe the internal structures and morphological features of the parasites under a microscope, enabling successful identification of the parasite species. The diagnostic process in this case suggests that laboratory personnel should further enhance their ability to recognize the morphological characteristics of cysts and trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia, providing an effective basis for the clinical differential diagnosis between Entamoeba histolytica infection and ulcerative colitis.

OBJECTIVE To observe the efficacy of cetrorelix combined with aspirin in preventing early-onset ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome （OHSS）. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 38 early-onset OHSS patients， who received treatment in our hospital from January 1st to July 1st， 2022. These patients were divided into intervention group （19 cases） and control group （19 cases） according to the therapy regimen. On the first day after oocyte retrieval surgery， the control group was given aspirin enteric-coated tablets 100 mg orally until menstruation began. The intervention group was given cetrorelix for injection 0.25 mg subcutaneously， for consecutive 3 days+aspirin enteric-coated tablets （same usage and dosage as the control group）. The first luteal phase， the degree of OHSS， and the ovarian volume， ascites volume， serum estradiol （E2）， white blood cell count （WBC）， hematocrit （HCT）， neutrophil ratio （NEUT%）， D-dimer （DD）， prothrombin time （PT）， fibrinogen （Fib） after oocyte retrieval surgery were observed and measured in 2 groups. RESULTS The first luteal phase was significantly shorter， and the proportions of median and severe OHSS cases were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After oocyte retrieval surgery， the intervention group showed significantly lower ovarian volume， ascites volume， serum E2， WBC， NEUT%， HCT， DD and Fib compared to the control group， but PT of intervention group was signiticantly higher than that of control group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Cetrorelix combined with aspirin is more effective in preventing early-onset OHSS than aspirin alone.

AIM: To assess the gap between the peak of the base curve to the surface of the cornea, as well as examines the correlation between the thickness of the tear film and the fitting of the orthokeratology lens through optical coherence tomography(OCT), providing an intuitive and quantitative clinical evaluation method for the fitting of the orthokeratology lens.METHODS: Myopia patients who fitted orthokeratology at our hospital from January to December 2023 were included. Examinations, including naked vision, slit lamp, non-contact intraocular pressure, ocular fundus, eye position, corneal diameter, corneal topography, tear film rupture time, optometry, etc., were performed on all patients before fitting. The trial lens parameter was selected according to the examination results, and fluorescein staining was performed to evaluate lens fitting state after patients adapted to wearing glasses. According to the performance of fluorescein staining, the inspected eyes are divided into three groups: lens loose group, lens fitting group, and lens tight group. In addition, the tear film thickness of three groups of subjects was measured by OCT, and the differences between the three groups of data were evaluated.RESULTS: A total of 49 myopic patients(77 eyes)were included. The average sphere degree was -3.10±1.25 D, the average cylinder degree was -0.43(-0.75, 0)D, the average horizontal keratometry(HK)was 42.48±0.81 D, and vertical keratometry(VK)was 42.98(42.25, 43.50)D. There were 21 cases(34 eyes)in the lens fitting group, with 13 cases of bilateral eyes, 8 cases of one eye, 14 cases(22 eyes)in the lens loose group, with 8 cases of bilateral eyes, 6 cases of one eye, and 14 cases(21 eyes)in the lens tight group, with 7 cases of bilateral eyes, 7 cases of one eye. There was no statistical difference in the main basic data of the subjects in the three groups(all P>0.05). OCT showed that the tear film thickness of the lens fitting group, the lens loose group, and the lens tight group was 231.18(219.0, 243.0), 220.41(214.0, 224.3), and 249.00(241.5, 258.0)μm, respectively, and there was statistical significance in the thickness among the three groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: OCT can serve as a safe and reliable method for measuring the tear film thickness, which can help evaluate the suitability of orthokeratology and provide a non-invasive, more intuitive, and quantitative evaluation method for the fitting and evaluation of orthokeratology.

The preparation edge of the tooth in oral restoration has always been the hot concern for dentists,and the improper preparation edge may lead to such diseases as caries and periodontitis,and ultimately lead to the restoration failure.The application of biologically oriented preparation technique has been proven to restore good periodontal soft and hard tissue morphology,which is expected to replace the traditional dental preparation methods.This article aims to comprehensively discuss the application of biologically oriented preparation technique in veneers,full crown and implantation.

Objective To study the application value of CAD/CAM technology in the teaching of inlay manufacturing.Methods A total of 60 undergraduates interned in the Department of Stomatology,Yan'an Hospital,Kunming Medical University were randomly divided into an experimental group(n=30)and a control group(n=30).We selected appropriate clinical cases for students to prepare for mandibular molar's proximal occlusal inlays.The instructor guided the results of the first preparation in different ways,and the students made the second modification and preparation,and the assessment team scored and evaluated the five aspects of the final preparation,the shape of the preparation,the shape of the occlusal surface,the dovetail retention,and the adjacent surface.Results The scores of all detection indexes in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of CAD/CAM technology in inlay manufacturing teaching can effectively improve students'clinical hands-on ability and achieve better teaching effects than traditional teaching methods.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective association between physical activity (PA),independently or in conjunction with other contributing factors,and osteoporosis (OP) outcomes. Methods The Physical Activity in Osteoporosis Outcomes (PAOPO) study was a community-based cohort investigation. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the participants' sociodemographic characteristics. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed to assess OP outcomes,and the relationship between BMD and OP was evaluated within this cohort. Results From 2013 to 2014,8,471 participants aged 18 years and older were recruited from Tangshan,China's Jidong community. Based on their PA level,participants were categorized as inactive,moderately active,or very active. Men showed higher physical exercise levels than women across the activity groups. BMD was significantly higher in the very active group than in the moderately active and inactive groups. Individuals aged>50 years are at a higher risk of developing OP and osteopenia. Conclusion The PAOPO study offers promising insights into the relationship between PA and OP outcomes,encouraging the implementation of PA in preventing and managing OP.

Objective To explore the predictive value of systemic immune inflammatory index(SII),systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR),platelet to lymphocyte radio(PLR),albumin to globulin(AGR)and heat shock protein 90α(HSP90α)in Fuhrman grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC).Methods From October 2019 to August 2022,212 patients who underwent surgical treatment for ccRCC were divided into low-grade tumor group and high-grade tumor group according to Fuhrman grade.The independent influencing factors of Fuhrman grading were determined by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and the predictive value of each inflammatory index to Fuhrman grading was evaluated by drawing Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).We constructed the line chart prediction model and evaluated the effectiveness of the model.Results The preoperative levels of SII,PLR,AGR,HSP90α and the maximum diameter of tumor were significantly different between high-grade group and low-grade group(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum diameter of tumor,PLR,AGR and HSP90α were independent influencing factors of Furhman grade.By drawing the ROC curve,it was found that the area under the curve(AUC)of PLR,AGR and HSP90α to predict Furhman grade were 0.641,0.675 and 0.696.In addition,the Furhman grade line chart prediction model had good prediction ability,the AUC was 0.789(95％CI:0.717～0.862),the sensitivity was 61.80％,and the specificity was 85.40％.Conclusions There was a significant correlation between inflammation-related indexes in peripheral blood and Furhman grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.The Furhman grade line chart prediction model based on the maximum diameter of tumor and peripheral blood inflammation index has good predictive ability.

Objective:To investigate the clinical phenotype and genotype characteristics of lipoyltransferase 1 deficiency (LIPT1D).Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was conducted for one case of LIPT1D, admitted to the Department of Neonatology at Shanghai Children's Hospital on May 7, 2023. Key terms "lipoyltransferase 1 deficiency", " LIPT1", and "lipoic acid" were used to search national databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and Yiigle; and international databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until September 15, 2023, to summarize the clinical presentations, biochemical phenotypes, and genotypic characteristics of LIPT1D. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed. Results:(1) The case concerned: At 1.5 h after birth, the infant exhibited cyanosis and poor responsiveness, presenting with uncorrectable metabolic acidosis (blood pH value 6.9, base excess -27 mmol/L, bicarbonate 5.7 mmol/L), and hyperlactatemia (the highest was 24 mmol/L). The condition progressed rapidly, and the infant died 9 h after birth. Whole exome sequencing performed 6 h postnatally identified compound heterozygous variants in the LIPT1 gene (NM_001204830.1) in the infant. Variants c.986C>A (p.Ser329*) from the mother and c.405_406del (p.Arg135Serfs*18) from the father were detected, both suspected to be pathogenic. (2) Literature review: A review of the literature identified seven cases of LIPT1D caused by LIPT1 gene mutations, totaling eight cases including the current one. The main presentations of LIPT1D in these infants were hyperlactatemia, metabolic acidosis, neurodevelopmental delay, and epilepsy, with four cases presenting in the neonatal period and resulting in death. Conclusions:The primary clinical manifestations of LIPT1D are severe hyperlactatemia, metabolic acidosis, and neurological involvement, potentially leading to early neonatal death. Whole-exome sequencing is instrumental in diagnosing this condition.