BackgroundModified electroconvulsive therapy （MECT） is a common front-line strategy widely used in psychiatric practice， and the optimal first stimulus dosage in MECT is usually estimated clinically based on the factors influencing the patient's initial seizure threshold （IST）. However， previous studies on the influencing factors of IST have mostly suffered from limitations such as small sample sizes and single-dimensional research perspectives. ObjectiveTo explore the factors influencing IST in MECT for patients with mental disorders， so as to provide references for stimulus dosing strategies in MECT for the patients. MethodsA retrospective study was used to include 1 446 inpatients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for any specific mental disorder listed in the ICD-10 and receiving MECT at Shandong Daizhuang Hospital from January 1， 2021 to August 1， 2023. Their general and clinical data were collected， including IST， psychiatric diagnostic categories， gender， ethnicity， age， body weight， body mass index （BMI）， course of disease， family history of psychiatric disorders， first episode status， use of antiepileptic drugs the day before treatment， use of benzodiazepines the day before treatment， and previous MECT treatment history. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to test the correlation of IST with age， height， body weight， BMI， and course of disease， and stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify the factors affecting IST. ResultsIST yielded statistical difference among patients in terms of gender， first episode status， use of antiepileptic drugs the day before treatment， and use of benzodiazepines the day before treatment （t=2.256， -3.059， -2.136， -3.006， P<0.05 or 0.01）. IST in patients of different ages and psychiatric diagnostic categories also demonstrated statistical difference （F=913.120， 6.212， P<0.01）. Within young population， IST varied significantly based on the psychiatric diagnostic categories （F=2.986， P<0.05）. Correlation analysis indicated that IST was positively correlated with age， body weight， BMI and course of disease （r=0.886， 0.055， 0.184， 0.456， P<0.05 or 0.01）， and negatively correlated with height （r=-0.183， P<0.01）. Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that age， gender， and body weight were influencing factors of IST （β=0.888， -0.049， -0.035， P<0.01）. ConclusionsAge， gender and body weight may be factors influencing IST in MECT for patients with mental disorders. ［Funded by Key R&D Plan Projects of Jining City in 2024 (number, 2024YXNS202）］

Objective:To understand the occupational injury situation of front-line workers in metallurgical and shipbuilding and repairing industry, and explore the risk factors of occupational injury.Methods:From September 2023 to March 2024, using cluster sampling method, front-line workers from 2 metallurgical enterprises in Shaoguan and Jinan City and 2 shipbuilding and repairing enterprises in Jiangmen and Shenzhen City were selected as the investigation objects. 6248 questionnaires were distributed and collected, and 6178 were effective questionnaires, with a effective recovery rate of 98.88%. The basic information, living habits, working system, protection and occupational injury of workers were investigated, and the data of occupational injury in factories was collected. The types, jobs and main causes of occupational injuries in different industries were analyzed, and the influencing factors of occupational injuries were analyzed by univariate and multi-factor logistic regression.Results:The incidence of occupational injury was 3.13% (128/4086) in metallurgical industry and 4.02% (84/2092) in shipbuilding and repairing industry. The top three occupational injuries in the metallurgical industry were furnace worker (17.19%, 22/128), steel rolling worker (14.84%, 19/128), maintenance worker (10.16%, 13/128), and the top three injury types were mechanical injury (24.22%, 31/128), height fall (20.31%, 26/128) and object strikes (17.97%, 23/128). The top three occupational injuries in shipbuilding and repairing industry were welder (20.24%, 17/84), riveter (9.52%, 8/84) and crane (8.33%, 7/84). The top three injury types were hit by objects (34.52%, 29/84), hit by falling objects (22.62%, 19/84), and lifting injury (20.24%, 17/84). The injuries of workers in metallurgical industry and shipbuilding and repairing industry were mainly fractures, accounting for 32.03% (41/128) and 60.71% (51/84), respectively. The incidence of occupational injury was higher in males, with sleep disorder, high temperature exposure and chemical toxicity exposure ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in age, smoking degree, working age and emotional state between workers with occupational injury and those without occupational injury ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that male, age above 50 years old, moderate smoking, working years of 5-9 years, mild anxiety, poor health status and high temperature exposure were risk factors for occupational injury ( OR=25.57, 3.72, 14.27, 2.09, 1.50, 4.36, 0.66, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The incidence of occupational injury is higher in shipbuilding and repairing industry, and fracture is the main type of occupational injury. The occurrence of occupational injury is affected by gender, age, smoking, working age, emotional state, health status and high temperature exposure.

Objective:To understand the occupational injury situation of front-line workers in metallurgical and shipbuilding and repairing industry, and explore the risk factors of occupational injury.Methods:From September 2023 to March 2024, using cluster sampling method, front-line workers from 2 metallurgical enterprises in Shaoguan and Jinan City and 2 shipbuilding and repairing enterprises in Jiangmen and Shenzhen City were selected as the investigation objects. 6248 questionnaires were distributed and collected, and 6178 were effective questionnaires, with a effective recovery rate of 98.88%. The basic information, living habits, working system, protection and occupational injury of workers were investigated, and the data of occupational injury in factories was collected. The types, jobs and main causes of occupational injuries in different industries were analyzed, and the influencing factors of occupational injuries were analyzed by univariate and multi-factor logistic regression.Results:The incidence of occupational injury was 3.13% (128/4086) in metallurgical industry and 4.02% (84/2092) in shipbuilding and repairing industry. The top three occupational injuries in the metallurgical industry were furnace worker (17.19%, 22/128), steel rolling worker (14.84%, 19/128), maintenance worker (10.16%, 13/128), and the top three injury types were mechanical injury (24.22%, 31/128), height fall (20.31%, 26/128) and object strikes (17.97%, 23/128). The top three occupational injuries in shipbuilding and repairing industry were welder (20.24%, 17/84), riveter (9.52%, 8/84) and crane (8.33%, 7/84). The top three injury types were hit by objects (34.52%, 29/84), hit by falling objects (22.62%, 19/84), and lifting injury (20.24%, 17/84). The injuries of workers in metallurgical industry and shipbuilding and repairing industry were mainly fractures, accounting for 32.03% (41/128) and 60.71% (51/84), respectively. The incidence of occupational injury was higher in males, with sleep disorder, high temperature exposure and chemical toxicity exposure ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in age, smoking degree, working age and emotional state between workers with occupational injury and those without occupational injury ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that male, age above 50 years old, moderate smoking, working years of 5-9 years, mild anxiety, poor health status and high temperature exposure were risk factors for occupational injury ( OR=25.57, 3.72, 14.27, 2.09, 1.50, 4.36, 0.66, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The incidence of occupational injury is higher in shipbuilding and repairing industry, and fracture is the main type of occupational injury. The occurrence of occupational injury is affected by gender, age, smoking, working age, emotional state, health status and high temperature exposure.

ObjectiveTo analyze the research status and trends in low-level occupational benzene exposure. Methods Articles on low-level occupational benzene exposure from Chinese and English journals from January 1st, 2000, to December 31th, 2022 were retrieved using the Web of Science and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and a bibliometric analysis was conducted. Results A total of 327 articles were included in the analysis, comprising 216 English articles and 111 Chinese articles. i) The number of articles published in English fluctuates greatly over the years, without a trend of continuous growth or decline. Authors from 359 research institutions in 45 countries and regions have published relevant English articles in 97 kinds of journals, involving 281 grants from 226 foundations. The top three countries in terms of articles amount were the United States, Italy, and China, with 81, 46, and 43 papers, respectively. The English articles mainly focused on mechanistic research at the genetic level, such as hematotoxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. ii) The number of Chinese articles increased gradually after 2012, with the growth peak in 2017. Authors from 127 research institutions in 26 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities published Chinese articles in 51 kinds of journals, involving 154 grants from 78 foundations. Chinese articles tended to focus on benzene-induced hematotoxicity and occupational health damage. Conclusion Most studies on low-level occupational benzene exposure were conducted in China, the United States and Italy, focused on hematotoxicity. Monitoring international research topics and hotspots of the field has certain reference value for related research in China.

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder is one of the most disabling mental diseases. Currently， medication in combination with physiotherapy and psychotherapy remains the most commonly used treatment modality for the disease， whereas only a few randomized controlled studies have been conducted on physiotherapy， and even fewer studies have focused on medication combined with physiotherapy. ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety profile of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） versus modified electroconvulsive therapy （MECT） in combination with antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder， so as to provide an optimized treatment plan for patients with major depressive disorder. MethodsPatients with major depressive disorder （n=335） hospitalized in Shandong Daizhuang Hospital from January 1， 2019 to April 30， 2023 were included， all of whom met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）. Depending on their disease condition， patients were subjected to either MECT in combination with drugs （n=141） or rTMS in combination with drugs （n=194） after admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24） at the baseline and the end of the 1^st， 2^nd， 3^rd and 4^th week of treatment， and the adverse reactions were documented in patient's medical records. ResultsAnalysis of variance on HAMD-24 revealed a significant effect of time （F=3.081， P=0.042）， but no effect of group （F=1.023， P=0.313）， and the interaction effect between the time and the groups was not statistically significant （F=1.642， P=0.191）. No statistical difference was reported between two groups in response rate and full remission rate （P>0.05）. Throughout the course of treatment， 58 cases （41.13%） of recent memory impairment and 74 cases （52.48%） of headache or neck muscle pain occurred in MECT combined with drugs group， and 27 cases （13.92%） in rTMS combined with drugs group experienced headache or head skin discomfort. ConclusionAntidepressants in combination with rTMS or MECT show equivalent efficacy in the treatment of major depressive disorder， while rTMS combined with antidepressants demonstrates a superior safety profile compared to MECT.

Complex brain diseases seriously endanger human health, and early diagnostic biomarkers and effective treatments are currently lacking. Due to ethical constraints on human research, establishing monkey models is crucial to address these issues. With the rapid development of technology, transgenic monkey models of a range of brain diseases, especially autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have been successfully established. However, to establish practical and effective brain disease models and subsequently apply them to disease mechanism and treatment studies, there is still a lack of a standard tool, i.e., a system for collecting and analyzing the daily behaviors of brain disease model monkeys. Therefore, with the goal of undertaking a comprehensive and quantitative study of behavioral phenotypes, we established a standard daily behavior collection and analysis system, including behavioral data collection protocols and a monkey daily behavior ethogram (MDBE) for rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, which are the most commonly used non-human primates in model construction. Then, we used ASD as an application example after referring to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), which is widely used in clinical disease diagnosis to obtain ASD core clinical symptoms. We then established a sub-ethogram (ASD monkey core behavior ethogram (MCBE-ASD)) specifically for quantitative assessment of the core clinical symptoms of an ASD monkey model based on MDBE. Subsequently, we demonstrated the high reproducibility of the system.
Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Macaca mulatta ; Disease Models, Animal ; Behavior, Animal ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the characteristics and trends of women who underwent induced abortion in recent years, and to provide more evidences to decrease induced abortion rate.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on women who underwent induced abortions in the Family Planning Department of Women and Children’s Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2014 to December 2018.Results:Of the 28 529 women with induced abortion, the age was (28.77±5.78) years old. Women aged 25-34 years accounted for 58.1%, 67.0% of women were married, 62.5% had a history of delivery, 24.0% were in their first pregnancies, 30.3% had induced abortion for twice, 21.5% were for three times and more (the maximum frequency of induced abortion was 14). About 16.1％ induced abortion women had a history of cesarean section，and rate showed an increasing trend in the five years (16.2%, 15.0%, 15.9%, 16.6%, 16.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.054). From 2014 to 2018, the age of induced abortion women [(28.05±5.69) years, (28.47±5.62) years, (28.70±5.80) years, (29.03±5.81) years, (29.59±5.82) years, P<0.001] and the percentages of married women （63.2%, 66.8%, 66.9%, 67.2%, 70.9%）, women with two or more children （11.8%, 15.4%, 20.2%, 25.2%, 32.2%） and women undergoing at least a second abortion over 35 years old （21.7%, 22.1%, 23.4%, 26.7%, 29.9%） increased every year (all P<0.001). However, among the induced abortion women, the percentages of unmarried women （36.8%, 33.2%, 33.1%, 32.8%, 29.1%）, women who haven’t bear children （42.9%, 38.4%, 37.8%, 36.3%, 32.4%）, women with the first pregnancy （26.2%, 23.8%, 24.7%, 23.4%, 21.8%） and women under 24 years old （29.3%, 25.3%, 24.7%, 24.1%, 21.5%） decreased during the five years period (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The incidence rate of induced abortion among married women with children is the highest, so special attention should be paid to postpartum women in family planning services, and it is urgent to launch postpartum contraceptive services and promote long-term reversible contraceptive measures.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics and trends of women who underwent induced abortion in recent years, and to provide more evidences to decrease induced abortion rate.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on women who underwent induced abortions in the Family Planning Department of Women and Children’s Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2014 to December 2018.Results:Of the 28 529 women with induced abortion, the age was (28.77±5.78) years old. Women aged 25-34 years accounted for 58.1%, 67.0% of women were married, 62.5% had a history of delivery, 24.0% were in their first pregnancies, 30.3% had induced abortion for twice, 21.5% were for three times and more (the maximum frequency of induced abortion was 14). About 16.1％ induced abortion women had a history of cesarean section，and rate showed an increasing trend in the five years (16.2%, 15.0%, 15.9%, 16.6%, 16.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.054). From 2014 to 2018, the age of induced abortion women [(28.05±5.69) years, (28.47±5.62) years, (28.70±5.80) years, (29.03±5.81) years, (29.59±5.82) years, P<0.001] and the percentages of married women （63.2%, 66.8%, 66.9%, 67.2%, 70.9%）, women with two or more children （11.8%, 15.4%, 20.2%, 25.2%, 32.2%） and women undergoing at least a second abortion over 35 years old （21.7%, 22.1%, 23.4%, 26.7%, 29.9%） increased every year (all P<0.001). However, among the induced abortion women, the percentages of unmarried women （36.8%, 33.2%, 33.1%, 32.8%, 29.1%）, women who haven’t bear children （42.9%, 38.4%, 37.8%, 36.3%, 32.4%）, women with the first pregnancy （26.2%, 23.8%, 24.7%, 23.4%, 21.8%） and women under 24 years old （29.3%, 25.3%, 24.7%, 24.1%, 21.5%） decreased during the five years period (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The incidence rate of induced abortion among married women with children is the highest, so special attention should be paid to postpartum women in family planning services, and it is urgent to launch postpartum contraceptive services and promote long-term reversible contraceptive measures.

Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid arteriostenosis and atheromatous plaques with cerebral in-farction.Methods Cervical spiral CT angiography of 56 cases with cerebral infarction and 49 cases without cerebral infarction were retrospectively analysed .The difference between the two groups was compared with regard to the distribution ,nature of plaques and the degree of carotid artery stenosis.Results Of 56 patients with cerebral infarction,126 atheromatous plaques were detected in 42 patients,of which 39 were soft,34 were calcified,53 exhibited a combined nature of both calcified and soft plaque and 7 cases were plaque ulcerations (soft plaque and mixed plaque accounted for about 73%).Plaque location for carotid artery was in the bifurcation. 102 carotid arteries stenosis were found in 38 patients,which included mild stenosis in 29,moderate in 40,severe in 27 and occlusion in 6(moderate and severe stenosis accounted for about 65.7%).In the control group,28 plaques were detected in 1 1 cases,of which 6 were soft,13 were calcified and 9 exhibited a combined nature of both calcified and soft plaque.1 1 carotid arteries stenosis were found in 7 patients,included mild stenosis in 10,moderate in 1.A significant difference (P <0.05)in carotid arteriostenosis and ath-eromatous plaques between the two groups was found.Conclusion Carotid plaques and stenosis are important risk factors of cerebral infarction.Multi-slice spiral CT angiography(MSCTA)has important value in analysis of carotid artery stenosis and atheroderotic plaques.