This article reports a case of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy （GFAP-A） with the initial symptoms of intermittent headache for 1 year and slow response for 6 months. Head magnetic resonance combined with artificial intelligence brain segmentation software was used to measure the volume of each brain region， and the results showed that brain atrophy involved multiple functional areas of the brain， with a volume of brain parenchymal area lower than the normal reference level. Magnetic resonance images taken 60 days apart showed significant progression of hippocampal atrophy. Head magnetic resonance combined with artificial intelligence brain segmentation software can provide precise segmentation and quantitative measurement of brain regions， and the results show progressive aggravation of the reduction in brain volume in GFAP-A.

Objective:To identify the risk factors for weaning failure after mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the infants with Pierre Robin sequence.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect clinical records of infants with Pierre Robin sequence underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis at Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from November 2016 to May 2019.The inclusion criteria consisted of the following: age <1 yr and no serious cardiopulmonary disease or serious airway malformation.The medical charts were reviewed for sex, age, weight, premature delivery, low birth weight, preoperative intubation, preoperative pulmonary infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, as well as mechanical ventilation time and distraction length at first weaning.The infants were divided into 2 groups according to the outcome of ventilator weaning at first attempt: successful group and failure group.The risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the logistic regression analysis to stratify weaning failure-related risk factors. Results:A total of 140 infants were included in this study, of which 9 cases developed failure of weaning at first attempt after operation, with the incidence of 6.4%.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the distraction length and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia were independent risk factors for weaning failure after operation ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The length of distraction and ventilator-associated pneumonia are independent risk factors for weaning failure after mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the infants with Pierre Robin sequence.