Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is one of the most common reasons for women to visit gynecological clinics, which affects women's quality of life, work efficiency, and medical costs. Women's perception of menstrual blood loss (MBL) is a key determinant in the diagnosis and treatment of HMB. Since the publication over 50 years ago of the alkaline hematin method for quantifying MBL, many new methods have been developed and improved. However, with the updating of HMB concept, there is still no recognized effective method to evaluate MBL. This paper reviewed the methods of menstrual blood volume assessment, summarized the practicability and limitations of different methods, to provide new ideas for clinical decision-making and application in experimental research.

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is one of the most common reasons for women to visit gynecological clinics, which affects women's quality of life, work efficiency, and medical costs. Women's perception of menstrual blood loss (MBL) is a key determinant in the diagnosis and treatment of HMB. Since the publication over 50 years ago of the alkaline hematin method for quantifying MBL, many new methods have been developed and improved. However, with the updating of HMB concept, there is still no recognized effective method to evaluate MBL. This paper reviewed the methods of menstrual blood volume assessment, summarized the practicability and limitations of different methods, to provide new ideas for clinical decision-making and application in experimental research.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of slow blood flow phenomenon after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Clinical and PCI angiographic data of 488 patients, who were diagnosed as AMI and received primary PCI in our hospital from Jan 2010 to Jun 2011, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into slow blood flow group (n=51, TIMI flow ≤ grade 2) and normal flow group (n=437, TIMI flow= grade 3). Their clinical characteristics between two groups were compared. Results: Compared with normal flow group, there were significant reductions in percentages of thrombus aspiration (75.3% vs. 60.8%) and application of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (81.7% vs. 68.6%) during PCI, and significant rise in total length of implanted stents [(31.8±12.2) mm vs. (35.7±12.0) mm] in slow blood flow group, P<0.05 all. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that percentages of thrombus aspiration during PCI and total length of stents were independent influencing factors for slow blood flow (P<0.05 both). Conclusion: Percentages of thrombus aspiration and total length of stents during PCI are independent influencing factors for slow blood flow.

Through cluster multistage sampling,a resident group of 6 412 subjects with hypertension in the rural area of Liaoning province were recruited.According to IDF and NCEP-ATPm criteria the age-standardized prevalences of metabolic syndrome were 36.2%and 25.9%respectively.The prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased with advancing age,but increased with rising of blood pressure.