N-glycosides comprise a broad range of compounds, some of which have demonstrated a variety of bioactivities, such as antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial activities. Serving as essential building blocks for DNA and RNA, nucleosides are a particularly important subclass of N-glycosides. Accordingly, natural N-glycosides and their analogs have garnered great interests of both organic and pharmaceutical chemists, who have developed numerous synthetic methods for the preparation of N-glycosides. By reviewing the natural N-glycosides published between 1980 and 2023, this article summarizes current strategies for synthesizing N-glycosides, aiming to provide support for the development and research of N-glycosides.

Objective:lo investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 3 years after partial pul-potomy with iRoot BP Plus in immature permanent teeth with complex crown fracture and to provide refe-rence for the clinical application.Methods:The study was prospectively designed and 104 immature per-manent teeth with complex crown fracture were randomly allocated into two groups(n=52).The experi-ment group received iRoot BP Plus as the pulp capping agent while the control group received calcium hy-droxide as the pulp capping agent.After partial pulpotomy,all teeth were clinically and radiographically assessed at the end of 1,3,6,12,18,24,30,and 36 months.The success rate in the two groups was evaluated to see if there was significant difference.The root canal wall thickness in the treated teeth was compared both between the groups and within the groups with those of the corresponding healthy teeth on the opposite side,in the same patient.Results:Excluding those lost to follow-up,there were 44 teeth in calcium hydroxide group(8 teeth accounting for 15.4％were lost to follow up)and 45 teeth in iRoot BP Plus group(7 teeth accounting for 13.5％were lost to follow up)in the end.There was no intergroup difference in the success rate between calcium hydroxide group and iRoot BP Plus group(per-protocol analysis:80％vs.87％;intent-to-treat analysis:67％vs.75％).The non-inferiority margin was-10％.The 95％confidence interval of the difference in success rate was-8％to 22％.There was no significant difference in root development between the experimental teeth and contralateral control teeth.The thickness of upper 1/3 root canal in the iRoot BP Plus group was thinner than that in the CH group[(1.82±0.21)mm vs.(1.91±0.20)mm,P=0.047].Conclusion:iRoot BP Plus used in pulpoto-my can effectively preserve the living pulp and promote the development of root in the young permanent teeth with complex crown fracture.

Objective:To study the effects of cells ’ and bacteria ’s adhesion and proliferation on different fiber diameters of polypyrrole coating with electricity.Methods:Titanium coated with polypyr-role was divided into no electrical stimulation and stimulation groups,each group had 30-60 nm,70-1 00 nm,1 30-1 70 nm diameters of the fiber.MC3 T3 cells and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)were inoculated on different fiber diameters of polypyrrole coating with and without electric stimulation .We gave the electrical stimulation group 1 00 mV for 1 h and every 24 hours gave it 1 h stimulation,and no e-lectrical stimulation group was not managed.We used scanning electron microscope (SEM)to observe the cells’and bacteria’s morphology.The cells were given 20 mL CCK-8 solutions after 1 ,3,7 days’ cultivation,then incubated for 2 h,the solution was transferred to 96-well plate,we measured the cells’ CCK-8 of the 30-60 nm,70-1 00 nm,and 1 30-1 70 nm groups by Elisa.The cells on different fiber diameters were also stained by live-dead cell staining kit,TritonX-1 00 and DAPI.We used PBS to wash and glycerin to seal them.The live-dead situation and morphology were tested by co focal microscope. The bacterial were stained by Live/dead baclight bacterial viability kits,we detect the suspension’s D of the 30-60 nm,70-1 00 nm,and 1 30-1 70 nm groups,and also observed the bacteria’s survival situa-tion by co focal microscope.Results:The CCK-8 of the cells with direct current stimulation was higher than that of the unpowered group (F=1 2.248,P=0.006).The smaller the fiber diameter,the better was the cell’s adhesion and proliferation (F=9.261 ,P=0.005).The bacterial suspension’s D of the electric group was lower than that of the unpowered group,and the fiber diameter had no significant effect on the bacteria’s growth(F=9.641 ,P=0.036).Conclusion:Polypyrrole coating with electricity can promote the cell’s proliferation and inhibit the bacteria’s proliferation,and the cell growth on small fiber diameter coating is better.There is no difference in the bacterial growth of different fiber diameter coatings.