Eight new diterpenoids, Isodons A-H (1-8), comprising seco-abietane and abietane-type structures, together with 13 known analogues (9-21), were isolated from Isodon lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Hara. The compounds (+)-3/(-)-3, (+)-4/(-)-4, and (+)-5/(-)-5 were identified as three enantiomeric pairs. The planar structures and absolute configurations of 1-8 were determined through high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), 1D & 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and X-ray diffraction crystallography. A cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) luciferase reporter assay revealed significant anti-cholestatic activities for compounds 1, (+)-4, 6, 7, 12-14, and 16. Additionally, compound 6 demonstrated anti-cholestatic effects through the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-associated signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest potential applications for I. Lophanthoides in pharmaceutical development.
Abietanes/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Animals ; Isodon/chemistry* ; Humans ; Diterpenes/pharmacology* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry*

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of occupationai exposure to bloodborne pathogens among health care workers (HCWs),and evaluate prevention and treatment countermeasures.Methods Record Form for Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Among Health Care Workers was used for retrospective survey on the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens in a hospital between January 1,2013 and December 31,2015.Results A total of 246 cases of blood/body fluid occupational exposure occurred.The main occupational exposure population were nurses (n =95,38.62％);occupational exposure mainly occurred in wards(n =148,60.16％);the main mode of occupational exposure was sharp injury(n =219,89.02 ％);the main opportunity of occupational exposure of HCWs was surgical accident(n =69,28.05 ％);the main exposure source was hepatitis B virus(n =123,50.00 ％);none of HCWs developed infection after local treatment and prophylactic medication.Conclusion Medical institutions should strengthen the training for HCWs about occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens,enhance protection awareness,standardize operation procedures,and improve working environment,so as to minimize the occurrence of occupational exposure.