Objective:To elucidate the inhibitory effect of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)on the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and the protentral gene signature of IFN-γ and the relationship between the expression of gene signature of IFN-γ in the neuroblastoma cells and its adverse prognosis,and to clarify the effect of IFN-γ and its gene signture in the neuroblastoma.Methods:The SK-N-BE(2)(proto-oncogene N-MYC amplification type)and SH-SY5Y(proto-oncogene N-MYC non-amplification type)neuroblastoma cells were selected and treated with different concentrations(0,500,750,1 000 and 1 500 μg·L-1)of IFN-γ for 24 h,followed by cell proliferation assays using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8).Transcriptome sequencing was then performed to identify the gene signature of IFN-γ.Additionally,the tissue microarrays from 23 cases of neuroblastoma and 6 cases of normal adrenal gland samples were collected,immunohistochemistry(IHC)analysis was used to to detect the expression of gene signature of IFN-γ.Based on the expression levels of gene signature of IFN-γ,the samples were divided into SULT2B1 low and high expression groups.The correlation between the expression of gene signature of IFN-γ and poor prognosis of the patients was analyzed.Results:The CCK-8 assay results showed that as IFN-γconcentration increased,the proliferation of SK-N-BE(2)cells was significantly inhibited(P＜0.01),with inhibitory rates of SK-N-BE(2)cells in four groups were 6.73％,6.77％,7.67％,and 9.19％,respectively.In contrast,the proliferation rate of SH-SY5Y cells were significantly increased with the increase of IFN-γ concentrations(P＜0.01),and the proliferation rates of SH-SY5Y cells in four groups were 46.80％,79.19％,70.30％,and 72.33％,respectively.Transcrip tome sequencing identified hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1(SULT2B1)as a potential gene signature of IFN-γ.The IHC analysis results showed the expression amount of SULT2B1 protein in neuroblastoma tissues was increased.The clinical data analysis results revealed significant differences in age(Z=-2.618,P=0.018),lymphnode metastasis(x2=4.439,P=0.035),and distant metastasis(x2=5.856,P=0.016)between low and high SULT2B1 expression groups.Conclusion:IFN-γ can inhibit the proliferation of SK-N-BE(2)cells while promoting the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells.SULT2B1 is a potential gene signature of IFN-γ,and its expression is upregulated in neuroblastoma tissue.SULT2B1 high expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis in the neuroblastoma patients.

Metabolism-related diseases are chronic diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors.The symptoms include insulin resistance,abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels,and elevated blood pressure.This type of illness has become a major threat to human health,and there is an urgent need to find effective treatments.Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are a group of complex and heterogeneous compounds that result from reduced interactions between the carbonyl groups of sugar and the free amino groups of proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.Increasing evidence shows that AGE and its receptor (RAGE) are involved in the occurrence and development of such metabolism-related diseases as hypertension,diabetes,and atherosclerosis.AGE can have adverse effects on tissues through non-receptor and receptor-mediated mechanisms.In the receptor-mediated mechanism,AGE interacts with RAGE to increase the production of oxygen free radicals and activate NF-κB so that more pro-inflammatory cells are expressed and released,leading to cell damage.This article reviews the research progress in interventions with AGE and RAGE in the treatment of hypertension,diabetes,and atherosclerosis from a metabolic perspective in the hope of exploring the potential of AGE and RAGE as therapeutic targets for metabolism-related diseases.

Metabolism-related diseases are chronic diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors.The symptoms include insulin resistance,abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels,and elevated blood pressure.This type of illness has become a major threat to human health,and there is an urgent need to find effective treatments.Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are a group of complex and heterogeneous compounds that result from reduced interactions between the carbonyl groups of sugar and the free amino groups of proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.Increasing evidence shows that AGE and its receptor (RAGE) are involved in the occurrence and development of such metabolism-related diseases as hypertension,diabetes,and atherosclerosis.AGE can have adverse effects on tissues through non-receptor and receptor-mediated mechanisms.In the receptor-mediated mechanism,AGE interacts with RAGE to increase the production of oxygen free radicals and activate NF-κB so that more pro-inflammatory cells are expressed and released,leading to cell damage.This article reviews the research progress in interventions with AGE and RAGE in the treatment of hypertension,diabetes,and atherosclerosis from a metabolic perspective in the hope of exploring the potential of AGE and RAGE as therapeutic targets for metabolism-related diseases.

Objectives:To examine the influence of the proportion of pathological subtypes on the prognosis of stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma cases, and to explore the association between the presence/absence of solid or micropapillary (S/M) components and survival outcome.Methods:Totally 321 patients with stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma who received complete surgical resection at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 130 males and 191 females, aging 59(11) years ( M(IQR)) (range: 55 to 66 years). The diagnostic value of the proportion of each pathological growth subtype on relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by using receiver operator characteristic curve. Patients were firstly divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of S/M components. And patients without S/M components were farther divided into two groups according to predominant growth pattern. There were three groups in total: with S/M components (group S/M +), without S/M components and lepidic growth pattern predominant (group S/M -LPA), without S/M components and papillary or acinar growth pattern predominant (group S/M -P/A). Kaplan-Meier method were used to draw the survival curves of the three groups, and Log-rank test were used to compare RFS and OS among the three groups. Cox proportional risk model was used to verify whether the presence of S/M components was a prognostic factor on RFS. Results:The proportion of S/M components had no diagnostic value for recurrence (solid: area under curve (AUC)=0.588, P=0.095; micropapillary: AUC=0.566, P=0.106) and death (AUC=0.589, P=0.104; AUC=0.607, P=0.056). The 5-year RFS rate of group S/M -LPA, S/M -P/A and S/M + were 92.4%, 82.3% and 77.3%, respectively (all P<0.05), while the 5-year OS rate were 97.4%, 94.5% and 83.2%, respectively (all P<0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that the 3 groups were independent predictors of recurrence (S/M -P/A vs. S/M - LPA: HR=2.691, 95% CI: 1.249 to 5.799, P=0.011; S/M +vs. S/M -LPA, HR=6.763, 95% CI: 3.050 to 14.996, P<0.01). Conclusions:The proportion of S/M components in stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma with complete resection cases did not affect survival outcome. New grouping method based on the presence or absence of S/M components were significantly associated with patient survival outcomes: S/M + patients had the worst prognosis and S/M -LPA patients had the best prognosis.

Objectives:To examine the influence of the proportion of pathological subtypes on the prognosis of stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma cases, and to explore the association between the presence/absence of solid or micropapillary (S/M) components and survival outcome.Methods:Totally 321 patients with stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma who received complete surgical resection at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 130 males and 191 females, aging 59(11) years ( M(IQR)) (range: 55 to 66 years). The diagnostic value of the proportion of each pathological growth subtype on relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by using receiver operator characteristic curve. Patients were firstly divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of S/M components. And patients without S/M components were farther divided into two groups according to predominant growth pattern. There were three groups in total: with S/M components (group S/M +), without S/M components and lepidic growth pattern predominant (group S/M -LPA), without S/M components and papillary or acinar growth pattern predominant (group S/M -P/A). Kaplan-Meier method were used to draw the survival curves of the three groups, and Log-rank test were used to compare RFS and OS among the three groups. Cox proportional risk model was used to verify whether the presence of S/M components was a prognostic factor on RFS. Results:The proportion of S/M components had no diagnostic value for recurrence (solid: area under curve (AUC)=0.588, P=0.095; micropapillary: AUC=0.566, P=0.106) and death (AUC=0.589, P=0.104; AUC=0.607, P=0.056). The 5-year RFS rate of group S/M -LPA, S/M -P/A and S/M + were 92.4%, 82.3% and 77.3%, respectively (all P<0.05), while the 5-year OS rate were 97.4%, 94.5% and 83.2%, respectively (all P<0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that the 3 groups were independent predictors of recurrence (S/M -P/A vs. S/M - LPA: HR=2.691, 95% CI: 1.249 to 5.799, P=0.011; S/M +vs. S/M -LPA, HR=6.763, 95% CI: 3.050 to 14.996, P<0.01). Conclusions:The proportion of S/M components in stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma with complete resection cases did not affect survival outcome. New grouping method based on the presence or absence of S/M components were significantly associated with patient survival outcomes: S/M + patients had the worst prognosis and S/M -LPA patients had the best prognosis.

Objective:To explore the sex-based heterogeneity in demographic and pathological trends of lung cancer during the past 30 years.Methods:Patients with primary lung cancer who received surgical treatment in the Department of thoracic surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University from 1989 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The differences between male and female patients in age, smoking history, pathological stage and type were compared. Mann- Kendall trend test was performed for trend analysis. Results:A total of 58 433 patients were included in this study, encompassing 30 729(52.6%) men and 27 , 704(47.4%) women. Compared with male patients, female patients were younger(56.0 years old vs. 59.7 years old), and had a higher proportion of non-smokers(98.3% vs. 52.3%), stage Ⅰ lung cancers(60.6% vs. 49.3%), and adenocarcinoma(93.7% vs. 56.1%, all P-values <0.001). Trend analyses revealed that the proportion of female patients increased year by year, and surpassed males in 2015, with the current ratio of male to female being 1∶1.5. After 2013, the age of onset in females was getting younger, and the average age decreased from 58.7 years old to 54.7 years old( P=0.02). The decrease in the proportion of smoking patients was mainly reflected by male patients(from 68.5% to 31.1%, P<0.01). Stage Ⅰ lung cancers in male and females outnumbered advanced stage in 2012 and 2010, respectively, with a much higher proportion in female patients. Among male patients, adenocarcinoma has replaced squamous cell carcinoma as the most common pathological type since 2012, while in female patients adenocarcinoma remained the most common pathological type of lung cancer, and its proportion continued to increase reaching over 98%. Conclusion:A dramatic change in gender distribution was noticed during the past 30 years. Female patients became the primary population in surgically-treated lung cancers, with a trend of getting younger. The proportion of smokers and squamous cell carcinoma decreased significantly in male patients, and adenocarcinoma has become the most common pathological type of lung cancer. The proportion of stage Ⅰ lung cancers was on a dramatic rise, with the popularization of CT screening for lung cancer.

Background and objective As computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer becomes more common in China, so too does detection of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs). Although anumber of national or international guidelines about pulmonary GGNs have been published,most of these guidelines are produced by respiratory, oncology or radiology physicians, who might not fully understand the progress of modern minimal invasive thoracic surgery, and these current guidelines may overlook or underestimate the value of thoracic surgery in the management of pulmonary GGNs. In addition, the management for pre-invasive adenocarcinoma is still controversial. Based onthe available literature and experience from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, we composed this consensus about diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary GGNs. For lesions which are considered as adenocarcinoma in situ, chest thin layer CT scan follow-up is recommended and resection can only be adopt in some specific cases and excision should not exceed single segment resection. For lesions which are considered as minimal invasive adenocarcinoma, limited pulmonary resection or lobectomy is recommended. For lesions which are considered as early stage invasive adenocarcinoma, pulmonary resection is recommend and optimal surgical methods depend on whether ground glass component exist, location, volume and number of the lesions and physical status of patients. Principle of management of multiple pulmonary nodules is that primary lesions should be handled with priority, with secondary lesions taking into account.
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Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung ; China ; Consensus ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Physicians ; psychology ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of nerve functional reconstruction on urinary incontinence caused by stroke.MethodsMyoelectricity of pelvic muscles was captured and measured by electrode in vagina or anus.According to the type of urinary incontinence,suitable exercise model and corresponding exercise graph were designed,based on the theory of muscle construction and relaxation.23 patients were involved and the therapies last for 4 weeks.Myoelectricity and the degree of urinary incontinence of before and after the treatment.ResultsThe frequency of patients' urinary incontinence and urinations was reduced and the myodynamia of pelvic muscles improved.ConclusionNerve functional reconstruction is helpful in improving the patients' urination function and their life qualities.