Objective:To estimate the incidence of pediatric bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) by meta-analysis, and to provide scientific basis for postoperative respiratory follow-up management.Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Chinese Medical Journal full-text database, Wanfang data, and China National Knowledge Network database to obtain related studies on postoperative BOS in children with HSCT from March 31, 2023. Literature screening, quality evaluation and information extraction were carried out, and Stata 16.0 software was used for analysis.Results:A total of 19 literatures were included, with a total sample size of 3 955 and 180 cases of BOS. The meta-analysis showed that the incidence of BOS after HSCT was 4%(95% CI: 3%-5%), and the heterogeneity was I2=76.1%( P<0.01). Heterogeneity among studies was explained by different regions of the study population, different BOS diagnostic criteria, study sample size, and subgroup analysis of single or multi-center studies. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable, but publication bias was detected. Conclusions:The incidence of BOS in children after HSCT is 4%, but there is a large heterogeneity, and more large-scale multi-center studies are needed to determine the incidence. Pediatricians should conduct scientific management and follow-up of children after HSCT, so as to make early diagnosis and treatment and timely detection of BOS, and improve the quality of life of children.

Objective:To estimate the incidence of pediatric bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) by meta-analysis, and to provide scientific basis for postoperative respiratory follow-up management.Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Chinese Medical Journal full-text database, Wanfang data, and China National Knowledge Network database to obtain related studies on postoperative BOS in children with HSCT from March 31, 2023. Literature screening, quality evaluation and information extraction were carried out, and Stata 16.0 software was used for analysis.Results:A total of 19 literatures were included, with a total sample size of 3 955 and 180 cases of BOS. The meta-analysis showed that the incidence of BOS after HSCT was 4%(95% CI: 3%-5%), and the heterogeneity was I2=76.1%( P<0.01). Heterogeneity among studies was explained by different regions of the study population, different BOS diagnostic criteria, study sample size, and subgroup analysis of single or multi-center studies. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable, but publication bias was detected. Conclusions:The incidence of BOS in children after HSCT is 4%, but there is a large heterogeneity, and more large-scale multi-center studies are needed to determine the incidence. Pediatricians should conduct scientific management and follow-up of children after HSCT, so as to make early diagnosis and treatment and timely detection of BOS, and improve the quality of life of children.