Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and its associated protein gene system can limit the horizontal gene transfer, thereby effectively preventing the invasion of foreign gene elements such as bacteriophages. CRISPR arrays of different bacteria are diverse. Based on the differences in the CRISPR system, this review summarizes the application of CRISPR in food-borne pathogen evolution analysis, detection and typing, virulence and antibiotic resistance in recent years. We also address bacterial detection typing method developed based on the characteristics of CRISPR arrays and the association of CRISPR with virulence and drug resistance of food-borne pathogens. The shortcomings of CRISPR in evolution, detection and typing, virulence and resistance applications are analyzed. In addition, we suggest standardizing CRISPR typing methods, improving and expanding the CRISPR database of pathogenic bacteria, and further exploring the co-evolution relationship between phages and bacteria, to provide references for further exploration of CRISPR functions.
Bacteria/genetics* ; Bacteriophages/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics* ; Virulence/genetics*

Objective:To explore the attitudes of parents of critically ill children to resuscitation companionship and its influencing factors so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the experience of children and their families in the rehabilitation process.Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was used, and parents of critically ill children who were hospitalized in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from August 2018 to August 2019 were selected by convenience sampling. The general data questionnaire and Family Presence During Resuscitation Benefits-Risks (FPDR-BRS) were used to investigate the attitudes of parents of critically ill children to the resuscitation companion and influencing factors were analyzed. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, 189 of which were effective, with an effective recovery rate of 94.5%.Results:The total scores of FPDR-BRS of 189 parents of critically ill children were (74.75±22.54) points. Univariate analysis showed that the total scores of FPDR-BRS of parents of critically ill children had statistically significant differences in the relationship with children, parents' occupations, cultural level and presence or absence of resuscitation experience ( P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the relationship with children, parents' occupation and cultural level were the influencing factors of attitude to resuscitation companionship ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Parents of critically ill children have a moderate level of recognition for resuscitation companionship. The relationship with children, parents' occupation and cultural level are factors that influence the attitude to resuscitation companionship. Medical staff should formulate targeted interventions based on the influencing factors of attitude to resuscitation companionship so as to improve the experience of children and their families during the resuscitation process.

Objective To explore the attitude toward medication compliance among patients with chronic heart failure. Methods Totals of 8 chronic heart failure patients and 5 medical staffs had been selected to have a in-depth interview for the investigation of medication compliance and current belief of medication taking. Results The behavior of medication incompliance was various for chronic heart failure patients, mainly including the behavior of suspending medication by themselves and adjusting medication dose. The medication compliance had a close relationship with the belief of medication taking. Drug-related convictions included awareness the importance of medicine, efficacy perception, fear of side effects, convenience and accessibility of taking medicine. Conclusions The improvement of patient′s medication compliance requires personal belief of medication taking. We understands the think of medication taking, implements individuals and targeted nursing intervention, so as to improve medication compliance.

Cu, P, Mg, UA,TP, AL B, LDL-C, Lpa, LDH and cTl, without statistical significance , as compared with those before the escort mis-sion(P>0.05).However, statistical significance could be found in the levels of ALT , AST, CK, CK-MB(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion In accordance with the changes in the physiological indexes of prolonged deployed navy afloat personnel , comprehensive intervention could recover the serum levels of K , Na, Cl, Ca, Fe, Cu, P, Mg, UA,TP, ALB, LDL-C and Lpa.The levels of ALT, AST, CK, CK-MB were improved, but failed to recover to the predicted levels .Detection of cTl, a specific myocardial injury biomark-er, indicated that no obvious cardiac damage was done to cardiac mussel , suggesting that the elevated levels of enzymes were a reflection of enzyme damage induced by high-intensity training and fatigue .