Ischemic stroke,which presents a heavy medical,social,and economic burden worldwide,is now the second-leading cause of high morbidity,disability,mortality,and recurrence.However,its mechanism remains un-covered.Glycine,serves as a dual-role neurotransmitter,is involved in several cellular processes.Recent studies have shown that glycine can protect against ischemic stroke by reducing cell death,attenuating glutamate excitotoxicity,inhibit-ing inflammatory responses,and inducing vascular remodeling.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of glycine's biological functions,receptor characteristics,signal transduction mechanisms,and highlight glycine's protec-tive role in ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke,which presents a heavy medical,social,and economic burden worldwide,is now the second-leading cause of high morbidity,disability,mortality,and recurrence.However,its mechanism remains un-covered.Glycine,serves as a dual-role neurotransmitter,is involved in several cellular processes.Recent studies have shown that glycine can protect against ischemic stroke by reducing cell death,attenuating glutamate excitotoxicity,inhibit-ing inflammatory responses,and inducing vascular remodeling.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of glycine's biological functions,receptor characteristics,signal transduction mechanisms,and highlight glycine's protec-tive role in ischemic stroke.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of the current state of research on social alienation in stroke survivors, its influencing factors, and assessment tools, and to provide a theoretical basis as well as a reference for clinical prevention of social alienation in stroke survivors.Methods:A systematic search was conducted for relevant literatures on the factors affecting social alienation of stroke survivors in domestic and foreign databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, etc, and the search period was established until April 29, 2024. After a rigorous assessment of quality, the pertinent literature was condensed and scrutinized.Results:A total of 11 literatures were included, with 9 Chinese literatures and 2 English literatures, the research instrument was based on the General Detachment Scale, involved 22 influencing factors of social alienation among stroke survivors.Conclusions:Stroke survivors lack specific assessment tools for social alienation. In the future, localized and specific assessment tools should be developed, and targeted intervention measures should be formulated based on the influencing factors related to the social alienation of stroke survivors to improve their social alienation.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of the current state of research on social alienation in stroke survivors, its influencing factors, and assessment tools, and to provide a theoretical basis as well as a reference for clinical prevention of social alienation in stroke survivors.Methods:A systematic search was conducted for relevant literatures on the factors affecting social alienation of stroke survivors in domestic and foreign databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, etc, and the search period was established until April 29, 2024. After a rigorous assessment of quality, the pertinent literature was condensed and scrutinized.Results:A total of 11 literatures were included, with 9 Chinese literatures and 2 English literatures, the research instrument was based on the General Detachment Scale, involved 22 influencing factors of social alienation among stroke survivors.Conclusions:Stroke survivors lack specific assessment tools for social alienation. In the future, localized and specific assessment tools should be developed, and targeted intervention measures should be formulated based on the influencing factors related to the social alienation of stroke survivors to improve their social alienation.

Objective : To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of hand，foot mouth disease (HFMD) in Anhui province from 2015 to 2022，and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control measures of HFMD． Methods : The surveillance data of hand，foot and mouth disease in Anhui province from 2015 to 2022 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Real-time PCR was used to detect and classify HFMD samples. Results : A total of 650 590 HFMD cases were reported in Anhui province from 2015 to 2022，including 1 406 se- vere cases and 17 deaths．The annual reported incidence was 131. 45 /100 000．The epidemic features of“low incidence in odd years and high incidence in even years”were presented from 2015 to 2019．The incidence showed a continuous decline from 2020 to 2022．The monthly distribution showed the characteristics of bimodal epidemic，and the main peak was not obvious in 2020．Hefei，Fuyang，Bozhou，Chuzhou and Suzhou ranked the top five cities in terms of cumulative incidence．The age of onset was mainly distributed in children aged 5 years and below，accounting for 89. 26% of the total cases．The male to female ratio was 1. 48 ∶ 1．A total of 28 657 laboratory-confirmed cases had been reported from 2015 to 2022．EV71 cases accounted for 10. 57% ，Cox A16 cases accounted for 24. 90% ，and other enterovirus cases accounted for 64. 53%．The dominant pathogens showed dynamic changes in different years．Since 2018，the proportion of EV71 decreased significantly，and the proportion of other enteroviruses gradually increased to become the dominant pathogens．Among other enteroviruses，Cox A6 strain was dominant (80. 48% ) ． Conclusion This study suggests that the prevention and control of HFMD in Anhui province should be paid more attention from April to July and from October to December．The focus areas are the cities in northern Anhui and Hefei where the floating population is large．The focus of prevention and control is on children aged 5 years and below．Other enteroviruses have become the dominant pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease in Anhui province，Cox A6 strain is dominant.

Objective:To examine 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA in clinical specimens of COVID-19 patients in Anhui province, and provide evidence for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 and risk assessment of clinical specimens.Methods:ORF1ab gene and N gene of 2019-nCoV were detected by real-time fluorescence RT-PCR in 466 clinical specimens of 197 COVID-19 cases. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in positive rates of specimens with clinical classification and time of onset.Results:The positive rates of 2019-nCoV in throat swab, sputum, serum, blood sample were 88.83%, 94.67%, 6.78% and 5.08%. The positive rate for 2019-nCoV RNA in throat swabs and sputum differed significantly ( χ2=8.994, P=0.003) in common cases during 7 days after illness onset. Conclusions:The positive rate of RNA in sputum was higher than throat swabs. 2019-nCoV RNA was detected in serum and blood specimens of COVID-19 cases. There was a risk of serum and blood specimens for transmission of COVID-19.

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation below tricuspid valve using Carto3 system combined with SmartTouch contact force catheter in premature ventricular contraction (PVC) originating from tricuspid annulus. Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with PVC originating from tricuspid annulus from September 2016 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Radiofrequency catheter ablation below tricuspid valve was performed using Carto3 system combined with SmartTouch contact force catheter. Results The result of intraoperative mapping under Carto3 guidance showed that premature ventricular contraction in 12 cases originated from septal portion of the tricuspid annulus and in 9 cases originated from free wall of the tricuspid annulus. All patients′ ablation were successful, and no operative complications occurred. The patients were followed up for 1 to 23 months, and no recurrence occurred. However, there was 1 patient whose first radiofrequency ablation on the tricuspid valve was immediately successful, and PVC recurred 2 h after operation. Finally, radiofrequency ablation was performed successfully at 12 O′clock below the tricuspid valve 9 months later. Conclusions Radiofrequency catheter ablation below the tricuspid valve using carto3 guidance combined with SmartTouch contact force is safe in PVC originated from tricuspid annulus, and it can improve the success rate.

Objective To investigate curative efficacy of transurethral endoscopic surgery for foreign body-induced lower urinary tract injury. Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 31 patients with foreign body-induced lower urinary tract injury admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 1998 to January 2018. There were 27 males and four females, aged 6-68 years [(27. 1 ± 16. 3)years]. Foreign bodies were located at the bladder in 12 patients, at urethra in 16, and at bladder and urethra in three. The foreign bodies were placed into the body by patients themselves in 23 patients, by other people in one, iatrogenic implantation in six, and by unknown approach in one. All patients underwent urethral surgeries, and individualized treatment plan was formulated according to the specific conditions such as the foreign body type, size, shape, location,activity and combined injury. The success rate, operation time and hospitalization time were recorded. The sexual function of the married males was evaluated by international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) (IIEF-5 score≥22 points as normal) before and after the operation. The urination after the operation was evaluated by the maximum urinary flow rate ( Qmax) ( Qmax<15 ml/s as abnormal) and the complications were recorded. Results All the patients underwent successful surgeries and the foreign bodies were removed, including 26 patients who underwent transurethral endoscopic surgery alone with success rate of 84％ and five patients underwent open surgery due to failed transurethral endoscopic removal. All patients were followed up for 6-36 months [(27. 0 ± 7. 7)months]. The operation lasted for 20-72 minutes [(42. 0 ± 21. 7) minutes]. The hospitalization time was 2-7 days [(4. 0 ± 1. 7) days]. During the follow-up, 11 married males obtained normal sexual function after surgery [ postoperative IIEF-5:(23. 4 ± 1. 1) points vs. preoperative IIEF-5: (23. 8 ± 0. 9) points]. Twenty-nine patients had normal urination [Qmax=(21. 7 ± 5. 9)ml/s]. Two patients had narrow urinary tract (Qmax<15 ml/s), of whom one patient received regular urethral dilatation and another received resection and anastomosis of urethral stricture, both with satisfactory improvement of urination. Three patients had fever caused by urinary tract infection and recovered within 2 weeks after anti-infection treatment. There were no serious complications such as male sexual dysfunction, complex urethral stricture or septic shock. Conclusions Transurethral endoscopic surgery for foreign body-induced lower urinary tract injury has high success rate, minor impact on the sexual function of male patients and low incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical practice.

Objective To summarize the epidemiological features,diagnosis and treatment of the penile fractures in single clinical center in recent 25 years so as to improve the treatment level.Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted on 23 patients with penile fractures from January 1993 to June 2017.The average age of patients was 37.78 years (range,21-66 years).Nineteen patients were married and four were not.Fourteen patients had penile fractures in summer,five in winter,three in spring and one in autumn.Three patients had Bachelor's degree or above,while 20 had less than university education.There were nine urban and 14 rural residents.Nineteen patients were caused by violent intercourse,two by violent masturbation,one by oral sex and one without willing explanation.All patients were unilateral rupture of albuginea penis,including five with urethral rupture.No misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis occurred.The time from injury to surgery was average 32 h (1993-2002),10.5 h (2003-2012),and 3.8 h (2013-2017),respectively.Emergency operations were performed using the degloved distal foreskin to repair the albuginea penis.The penile erectile function,urination and complications were recorded.Results All patients were followed up for 6-62 months (mean,26 months).In all patients,morning erection was restored at days 1 to 3 after operation,and normal urination was attained after the removal of urethral catheter.Normal sexual life was restored within 3 months after the operation.Penis elephantiasis combined with poor postoperative skin healing was seen in one patient,and mild penile erection pain was reported by one patient.No obvious erectile dysfunction,abnormal urination or other severe complications were reported.Conclusions The epidemiological features of penile fractures include low incidence,relatively concentrated region and age of onset,diversity of causes,and patients with insufficient education.Penile fractures can be diagnosed based on medical history and body examination.Emergency surgery is the first choice for penile fracture,with satisfactory outcomes and few postoperative complications.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the common arrhythmias. Catheter radiofrequency ablation is a only effective therapeutic method of AF currently. Contact force sensing catheter like SMART TOUCH can real time monitoring the pressure of catheter tip, which can help operators to understand the contact force between atrial and ablation points, and guide the atrial fibrillation ablation. It is significantly improved the effectiveness and safety of the atrial fibrillation. This article will focus on the current situation of radiofrequency ablation for AF by contact force catheter, in order to provide guidance for clinical work.