Ischemic stroke,which presents a heavy medical,social,and economic burden worldwide,is now the second-leading cause of high morbidity,disability,mortality,and recurrence.However,its mechanism remains un-covered.Glycine,serves as a dual-role neurotransmitter,is involved in several cellular processes.Recent studies have shown that glycine can protect against ischemic stroke by reducing cell death,attenuating glutamate excitotoxicity,inhibit-ing inflammatory responses,and inducing vascular remodeling.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of glycine's biological functions,receptor characteristics,signal transduction mechanisms,and highlight glycine's protec-tive role in ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke,which presents a heavy medical,social,and economic burden worldwide,is now the second-leading cause of high morbidity,disability,mortality,and recurrence.However,its mechanism remains un-covered.Glycine,serves as a dual-role neurotransmitter,is involved in several cellular processes.Recent studies have shown that glycine can protect against ischemic stroke by reducing cell death,attenuating glutamate excitotoxicity,inhibit-ing inflammatory responses,and inducing vascular remodeling.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of glycine's biological functions,receptor characteristics,signal transduction mechanisms,and highlight glycine's protec-tive role in ischemic stroke.

Background: The side effects of glucocorticoid in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been the focus of debate, and our preliminary study indicates that ginsenosides can enhance the efficacy of dexamethasone. Objective: To observe the effects of ginsenosides combined with prednisone in SLE patients. Design, setting, participants and interventions: A total of 60 SLE patients from Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 30 patients in each group. Patients in the treatment group were given routine treatment with prednisone plus ginsenosides, while those in the control group were given routine treatment with prednisone plus placebo. They were all treated for 3 months. Main outcome measures: After three-month treatment, syndrome score in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), total response rate and symptom improvement rate were measured and evaluated. Results: Twenty-eight cases in treatment group and twenty-seven cases in control group were included in analysis. The total response rates in the treatment group and control group were 89.28% and 66.67% respectively, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01), and prednisone plus ginsenosides was better in decreasing the TCM syndrome score than prednisone plus placebo (P<0.05). The symptoms were improved in the treatment group as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Prednisone combined with ginsenosides can increase the clinical effective rate and improve the clinical symptoms of SLE patients.