Objective To investigate the protective effect of hederagenin(HDG)on cisplatin(Cis)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)in mice and its potential mechanism.Methods 24 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group,AKI model group,HDG low-dose group,and HDG high-dose group,with six mice in each group.AKI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin(Cis).The HDG low-dose and HDG high-dose groups were given 20,40 mg/kg HDG by intragastric administration,respectively,and samples were collected 3 days later.The kidneys of the mice were collected for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and periodic-acid-schiff(PAS)staining to evaluate the kidney pathology,and serum was collected to detect changes in serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN).The expression of p-P65,P65,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,and other inflammatory-related proteins was detected by Western Blot.A TCMK1(renal tubular epithelial cell)inflammatory cell model was established by Cis(200 ng/mL)stimulation in vitro.Blank group,Cis model group,HDG low-dose group,HDG high-dose group,Axin2 overexpression group,HDG+Axin2 overexpression group were set up.In the Axin2-overexpression group,the expression of p-P65,P65,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,Axin2,and AREG was detected among total cell proteins.Results Compared with the control group,AKI model mice exhibited significantly elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels(P<0.05),accompanied by pathological alterations including vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules,inflammatory cell infiltration,and glycogen deposition,and the expression of inflammation-related proteins(p-P65,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β)and Axin2 was markedly upregulated in AKI mice(P<0.05).HDG treatment induced a dose-dependent reduction in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels(high-dose>low-dose,P<0.05),alleviated renal histopathological damage,and concurrently suppressed the expression of these inflammatory mediators and Axin2(P<0.05).HDG was confirmed that dose-dependently inhibited Cis-induced upregulation of Axin2,and inflammatory cytokines in vitro experiments.Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Axin2 overexpression significantly increased amphiregulin(AREG)expression(P<0.05).Mechanistically,HDG reduced p-P65 phosphorylation by suppressing the Axin2/AREG axis(P<0.05),while Axin2 overexpression abolished the protective effects of HDG against Cis-induced renal tubular cell injury.Conclusions HDG protects against renal injury in AKI mice by reducing inflammation through the inhibition of Axin2/AREG axis activation.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of hederagenin(HDG)on cisplatin(Cis)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)in mice and its potential mechanism.Methods 24 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group,AKI model group,HDG low-dose group,and HDG high-dose group,with six mice in each group.AKI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin(Cis).The HDG low-dose and HDG high-dose groups were given 20,40 mg/kg HDG by intragastric administration,respectively,and samples were collected 3 days later.The kidneys of the mice were collected for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and periodic-acid-schiff(PAS)staining to evaluate the kidney pathology,and serum was collected to detect changes in serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN).The expression of p-P65,P65,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,and other inflammatory-related proteins was detected by Western Blot.A TCMK1(renal tubular epithelial cell)inflammatory cell model was established by Cis(200 ng/mL)stimulation in vitro.Blank group,Cis model group,HDG low-dose group,HDG high-dose group,Axin2 overexpression group,HDG+Axin2 overexpression group were set up.In the Axin2-overexpression group,the expression of p-P65,P65,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,Axin2,and AREG was detected among total cell proteins.Results Compared with the control group,AKI model mice exhibited significantly elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels(P<0.05),accompanied by pathological alterations including vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules,inflammatory cell infiltration,and glycogen deposition,and the expression of inflammation-related proteins(p-P65,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β)and Axin2 was markedly upregulated in AKI mice(P<0.05).HDG treatment induced a dose-dependent reduction in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels(high-dose>low-dose,P<0.05),alleviated renal histopathological damage,and concurrently suppressed the expression of these inflammatory mediators and Axin2(P<0.05).HDG was confirmed that dose-dependently inhibited Cis-induced upregulation of Axin2,and inflammatory cytokines in vitro experiments.Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Axin2 overexpression significantly increased amphiregulin(AREG)expression(P<0.05).Mechanistically,HDG reduced p-P65 phosphorylation by suppressing the Axin2/AREG axis(P<0.05),while Axin2 overexpression abolished the protective effects of HDG against Cis-induced renal tubular cell injury.Conclusions HDG protects against renal injury in AKI mice by reducing inflammation through the inhibition of Axin2/AREG axis activation.

Objective:To understand the status of hepatitis B detection, prenatal care and antiviral treatment for hepatitis B positive pregnant women, and to provide scientific basis for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B.Methods:The information of hepatitis B positive maternal case registration cards in Hunan Province during 2021-2023 was collected from the National Integrated Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), syphilis and hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission (IPMTCT) information management system. The status of hepatitis B detection, demographic characteristics of hepatitis B positive pregnant women, delivery methods, antiviral drugs and so on were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The hepatitis B detection rate of pregnant women in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023 was 99.99%(1 196 261/1 196 370), and the positive rate of hepatitis B decreased year by year (χ 2trend=37.570, P<0.001). The education level of 75 542 hepatitis B positive pregnant women was generally low, and most of them were middle schools (63.4%, 47 893 cases). The proportion of hepatitis B positive pregnant women diagnosed in early pregnancy increased year by year (χ 2trend=414.202, P<0.001). The delivery mode of hepatitis B positive pregnant women were mainly natural childbirth and elective cesarean section. The rate of hepatitis B positive pregnant women with high risk of mother-to-child transmission increased from 47.4%(924/1 949) to 80.9%(2 238/2 768) (χ 2trend=570.003, P<0.001). Conclusions:It is necessary to strengthen the health education of hepatitis B positive pregnant women, optimize the management process of antiviral treatment for hepatitis B positive pregnant women with high risk of mother-to-child transmission, and further improve the rate of antiviral treatment, so as to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV.

Objective:To understand the status of hepatitis B detection, prenatal care and antiviral treatment for hepatitis B positive pregnant women, and to provide scientific basis for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B.Methods:The information of hepatitis B positive maternal case registration cards in Hunan Province during 2021-2023 was collected from the National Integrated Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), syphilis and hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission (IPMTCT) information management system. The status of hepatitis B detection, demographic characteristics of hepatitis B positive pregnant women, delivery methods, antiviral drugs and so on were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The hepatitis B detection rate of pregnant women in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023 was 99.99%(1 196 261/1 196 370), and the positive rate of hepatitis B decreased year by year (χ 2trend=37.570, P<0.001). The education level of 75 542 hepatitis B positive pregnant women was generally low, and most of them were middle schools (63.4%, 47 893 cases). The proportion of hepatitis B positive pregnant women diagnosed in early pregnancy increased year by year (χ 2trend=414.202, P<0.001). The delivery mode of hepatitis B positive pregnant women were mainly natural childbirth and elective cesarean section. The rate of hepatitis B positive pregnant women with high risk of mother-to-child transmission increased from 47.4%(924/1 949) to 80.9%(2 238/2 768) (χ 2trend=570.003, P<0.001). Conclusions:It is necessary to strengthen the health education of hepatitis B positive pregnant women, optimize the management process of antiviral treatment for hepatitis B positive pregnant women with high risk of mother-to-child transmission, and further improve the rate of antiviral treatment, so as to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV.

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods Forty male C57BL/J6 mice were divided into normal group,NAFLD group,low dose Tβ4 group and high dose Tβ4 group with 10 mice in each group.NAFLD mice model was established by feeding with high fat and high sugar diet for 16 weeks.The mice in low-dose Tβ4 group and high dose Tβ4 group were intraperitonealy injected with Tβ4 at 0.05 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 0.20 mg · kg-1 · d-1,respectively,for eight weeks.The liver function indexes and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level were detected;the pathological changes of liver tissue were observed under optical microscope and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) was evaluated.The protein expression levels of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and nuclear factor κB inhibit protein a (IκBa) at the protein level in liver tissue were measured by Western blotting method.The expression of TNF-α in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Mean integral absorbance (MIA) was calculated.T test was performed for groups comparison.Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),γ-glutamine transferase (GGT) and serum TNF-α levels of high dose Tβ4 group were all lower than those of NAFLD group ((28±17) U/L vs.(76±29) U/L,(61±39) U/L vs.(102±56) U/L,(144.1± 48.2) ng/L vs.(187.3±58.8) ng/L,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t=4.52,2.78 and 2.30,all P＜0.05).The NAS of low dose Tβ4 group and high dose Tβ4 group were both lower than that of NAFLD group (3.7±40.4,2.3±0.3 vs.4.6±0.3),and the differences were statistically significant (t=5.69 and 17.14,both P＜0.01).The relative expression level of Tβ4 protein of NAFLD group was lower than that of normal group (0.2±0.1 vs.1.4±0.6),and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.24,P＜0.01).The relative expression levels of Tβ4 and IκBa of high dose Tβ4 group were higher than those of NAFLD group (1.0±0.3,0.5±0.3 vs.0.2±0.1),and the differences were statistically significant (t=8.00 and 3.00,both P＜0.01).The relative expression level of NF-κB p65 in liver tissue of high dose Tβ4 group was lower than that of NAFLD group (0.6±0.3 vs.1.5±0.7),and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.74,P＜0.01).The MIA of high dose Tβ4 group was lower than that of NAFLD group (0.4±0.2 vs.0.7±0.3),and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.63,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Tβ4 can effectively treat NAFLD probably through inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.

Translational medicine means that to establish a bridge between fundamental research and clinical medicine through bidirectional translation path in order to promote the translation and application from fundamental research to clinical medicine.The purpose of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) translational model is to collate and build one multidimensional TCM translational model,rationality carry out the research on TCM translation.Three paths have been confirmed,where are from literature research to clinical verification,from clinical application to clinical verification,and from experiment to clinical verification.In this research,methodology of one path mcntioned above could be established,which is the key technology of translational medicine.Take constipation,insomnia,and post-flu cough as target diseases to investigate the herbal compounds which could be qualified for clinical application based on preliminary work.This research not only provided clinical data to TCM translation,but also established one methodology of TCM translation path--"from experiment to clinical verification".

Objective To investigate clinical significance of intermittent sinusoidal feial heart rate at third trimester.Methods From Jan 2002 to Dec 2010,48 pregnant women at 33 to 41 gestational weeks undergoing electronic fetal heart rate(FHR)monitoring presented with intermittent sinusoidal FHR in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Second School of Clinical Medicine,Jinan University were enrolled in this retrospective study.Twenty-one cases were categorized into continuous group(i.e.with sinusoidal feature and a constant duration≥10 minutes).while the other 27 cases were categorized iuto intermittent group(i.e.with a duration＜10 minutes).In the mean time.76 normal cases were chosen randomly matched as control group.Blood gas and hemoglobin were measured in umbilical artery after fetal head delivery.General neurological system examination were performed in those fetus in hospitalization.The outcome of those fetuses was compared.Results (1)Neonatal complications:the rate of asphyxia,meconium-stained amniotic fluid and fetal anemia were 63%(17/27),33%(9/27)and 63%(17/27)in group of intermittent sinusoidal FHR,which were significantly higher than 1%(1/76),4%(3/76),3%(2/76)in control group(P＜0.05).When compared with 67%(14/21),52%(11/21),76%(16/21)in group of continuous sinusoidal,the statistical difierence were not observed(P＞0.05).(2)Blood gas in neonate:the rates of pH less than 7 were 18%(5/27)in intermittent group,52%(11/21)in continuous group and 0 in control group,which all reached statistical difference among those three groups(P＜0.05).(3)Brain damage and death:the rates of brain damage and death were 48%(13/27)and 11%(3/27)in intermittent group,81%(17/21)and 43%(9/21)in continuous group,and 0 in control group,which all showed significant difference between them(P＜0.05).Conclusion Intermittent and continuous sinusoidal FHR are typical graphics of severe fetal anemia at third trimester.Intermittent sinusoidal FHR is indicative of serious fetal hypoxia.