[Objective] To conduct serological identification and molecular mechanism study on a ambiguous ABO blood group. [Methods] Standard serological techniques were used for the forward and reverse typing of ABO blood type. ABO gene coding and regulatory regions were analyzed by PCR after DNA extraction. Monoclonal sequencing was used to detect the haplotypes of the DNA sequence, and bioinformatics analysis was applied to predict the possible translation outcomes of the mutated DNA sequence. [Results] The sample’s red blood cells showed mixed field agglutination with anti-A, and the serum agglutinated with B cells, exhibiting serological characteristics of subtype A. Direct sequencing and monoclonal sequencing analysis of the ABO gene confirmed one allele as O02, the other had a c.27delC mutation compared with A102, which could cause the translation sequence to terminate prematurely at the 19th amino acids. Analysis and prediction suggested that the mutation might affect the function of the transferase through mechanisms such as shifting the initiation codon, altering the reading frame and affecting the splice sites. [Conclusion] This case is a rare A subtype caused by the c.27delC variation, and the impact on the glycosyltransferase may involve multiple mechanisms, which require further research and exploration.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality differences of Alpinia katsumadai from different habitats. METHODS High- performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to establish the fingerprints of A. katsumadai from 18 batches of different habitats， and the quality of A. katsumadai from different habitats was comprehensively evaluated by similarity evaluation， cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） and the content determination results of alpinetin， pinocembrin， cardamonin and alnustone in A. katsumadai. RESULTS The similarity of HPLC fingerprints for 18 batches of A. katsumadai was ＞0.9. Eleven common peaks were identified from the chromatogram， and four of them were specifically characterized. Both CA and PCA grouped 18 batches of A. katsumadai into 3 categories， extracting 2 principal components （the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 89.798%）. OPLS-DA identified 9 quality difference markers， namely the components corresponding to peaks 4， 9， 3， 2， 7 （pinocembrin）， 8 （cardamonin）， 6 （alpinetin）， 10 and 11 （alnustone）. The content of alpinetin， pinocembrin， cardamonin， and alnustone ranged from 4.507 1-11.579 7， 5.154 4-14.183 3， 5.109 5-13.588 3 and 4.494 6-11.277 2 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The quality of A. katsumadai from different habitats is quite different， and the quality of A. katsumadai from Hainan is the best.

Objective:To investigate the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) neddylation in the dysregulation of regulatory T cell (Treg) immune function in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and further explore the pathogenesis of RA.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 45 healthy volunteers and 45 RA patients in the Yuyao People′s Hospital from Sep. 2021 to Dec. 2022. ELISA was performed to detect the expression levels of the inflammatory factor IFN-γ and Treg-related cytokine IL-10 in serum, and flow cytometry was used to assess the proportion of CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + Treg cells. Western Blot analysis was conducted to measure the expression levels of Nedd8-PTEN, ubiquitinated FASN, PTEN, FASN, Neddylation E3 enzyme XIAP, and ubiquitination E3 enzyme TRIM21 in isolated Treg cells. Group comparisons were conducted using an independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the expression of IFN-γ was significantly increased [(599± 65) pg/ml vs. (1 066±85) pg/ml, t=-2.06, P<0.001], while IL-10 levels [(601±49) pg/ml vs. (245±41)pg/ml, t=2.05, P<0.001] and the proportion of CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + Treg cell [(14.3±0.4)% vs.(6.2±0.6)%, t=19.36, P<0.001] were significantly decreased in the RA patient group (respectively). FASN in Treg cells of RA patients was significantly ubiquitinated, while the PTEN Neddylation level decreased. Additionally, TRIM21 expression was significantly upregulated in RA patients (0.66 ± 0.03 vs. 1.27 ± 0.04, t=-20.85, P<0.001), whereas the expression levels of PTEN (0.858±0.036 vs. 0.377±0.022, t=19.36, P<0.001), XIAP (1.107± 0.065 vs. 0.530±0.015, t=15.03, P<0.001), and FASN protein (1.654±0.031 vs. 0.858±0.025, t=34.64, P<0.001) were significantly downregulated. Conclusion:Decreased levels of PTEN protein Neddylation modification may inhibit the entry of PTEN protein into the nucleus, thereby promoting the ubiquitination degradation of FASN, suppressing fatty acid synthesis in Treg cells, affecting the stability of Treg cell immunosuppressive function, and possibly promoting the progression of RA.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety profile of antaitasvir phosphate combined with yiqibuvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) of various genotypes, without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:394 cases with CHC from 22 centers were collected from October 2021 to April 2023. They were randomly assigned to receive either the experimental drugs (antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg) or placebo treatment in a 3∶1 ratio. The patients were administered drugs once a day for 12 consecutive weeks, and then followed up for 24 weeks after treatment cessation. All subjects were unblinded at the four-week follow-up following drug discontinuation, with the experimental drug group continuing to complete subsequent post-discontinuation follow-up. The placebo group was switched to receive the experimental drugs for a repeated 12-week treatment period and followed up for another 24 weeks after discontinuation of the drug (placebo delayed treatment phase).The sustained virologic response rate (SVR12) was observed for subjects in the double-blind phase and the placebo delayed-treatment phase at 12 weeks after treatment cessation.Virological resistance analysis was performed on subjects who failed treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The number and percentage of subjects who achieved "HCV RNA

Purpose To identify hepatocellular carcinoma that responds to repetitive transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)based on CT radiomics.Materials and Methods A total of 96 patients diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2018 to May 2024 were randomly divided into a training group(n=67)and internal validation group(n=29)at a ratio of 7∶3.All patients received three or more TACE treatments.Radiomics features were extracted from lipiodol of the target-lesions by semi-automatic segmentation on the axial CT image after TACE within 24 hours.The radiomics model were constructed by five features for differentiating non-response group from response group.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and decision curve were performed to evaluate the performance of the model.Results Child-Pugh classification(OR=2.737,P<0.05),BCLC stage(OR=2.907,P<0.05),multifocal tumors(OR=4.505,P<0.01)and alpha-fetoprotein(OR=1.002,P<0.01)were independent risk factors for predicting tumor response after TACE.The area under the curve of the non-contrast CT based model and the arterial-enhanced CT based model were 0.813 and 0.831 in the experimental group;0.748 and 0.788 in the validation group,respectively.Both of the two models showed good prediction performance.Conclusion The radiomics model based on CT imaging features after first TACE is effectively for differentiating non-response group from response group,lipiodol retention patterns from the target lesion can be the imaging biomarkers for TACE response prediction.

Purpose To identify hepatocellular carcinoma that responds to repetitive transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)based on CT radiomics.Materials and Methods A total of 96 patients diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2018 to May 2024 were randomly divided into a training group(n=67)and internal validation group(n=29)at a ratio of 7∶3.All patients received three or more TACE treatments.Radiomics features were extracted from lipiodol of the target-lesions by semi-automatic segmentation on the axial CT image after TACE within 24 hours.The radiomics model were constructed by five features for differentiating non-response group from response group.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and decision curve were performed to evaluate the performance of the model.Results Child-Pugh classification(OR=2.737,P<0.05),BCLC stage(OR=2.907,P<0.05),multifocal tumors(OR=4.505,P<0.01)and alpha-fetoprotein(OR=1.002,P<0.01)were independent risk factors for predicting tumor response after TACE.The area under the curve of the non-contrast CT based model and the arterial-enhanced CT based model were 0.813 and 0.831 in the experimental group;0.748 and 0.788 in the validation group,respectively.Both of the two models showed good prediction performance.Conclusion The radiomics model based on CT imaging features after first TACE is effectively for differentiating non-response group from response group,lipiodol retention patterns from the target lesion can be the imaging biomarkers for TACE response prediction.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety profile of antaitasvir phosphate combined with yiqibuvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) of various genotypes, without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:394 cases with CHC from 22 centers were collected from October 2021 to April 2023. They were randomly assigned to receive either the experimental drugs (antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg) or placebo treatment in a 3∶1 ratio. The patients were administered drugs once a day for 12 consecutive weeks, and then followed up for 24 weeks after treatment cessation. All subjects were unblinded at the four-week follow-up following drug discontinuation, with the experimental drug group continuing to complete subsequent post-discontinuation follow-up. The placebo group was switched to receive the experimental drugs for a repeated 12-week treatment period and followed up for another 24 weeks after discontinuation of the drug (placebo delayed treatment phase).The sustained virologic response rate (SVR12) was observed for subjects in the double-blind phase and the placebo delayed-treatment phase at 12 weeks after treatment cessation.Virological resistance analysis was performed on subjects who failed treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The number and percentage of subjects who achieved "HCV RNA

Objective:To investigate the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) neddylation in the dysregulation of regulatory T cell (Treg) immune function in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and further explore the pathogenesis of RA.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 45 healthy volunteers and 45 RA patients in the Yuyao People′s Hospital from Sep. 2021 to Dec. 2022. ELISA was performed to detect the expression levels of the inflammatory factor IFN-γ and Treg-related cytokine IL-10 in serum, and flow cytometry was used to assess the proportion of CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + Treg cells. Western Blot analysis was conducted to measure the expression levels of Nedd8-PTEN, ubiquitinated FASN, PTEN, FASN, Neddylation E3 enzyme XIAP, and ubiquitination E3 enzyme TRIM21 in isolated Treg cells. Group comparisons were conducted using an independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the expression of IFN-γ was significantly increased [(599± 65) pg/ml vs. (1 066±85) pg/ml, t=-2.06, P<0.001], while IL-10 levels [(601±49) pg/ml vs. (245±41)pg/ml, t=2.05, P<0.001] and the proportion of CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + Treg cell [(14.3±0.4)% vs.(6.2±0.6)%, t=19.36, P<0.001] were significantly decreased in the RA patient group (respectively). FASN in Treg cells of RA patients was significantly ubiquitinated, while the PTEN Neddylation level decreased. Additionally, TRIM21 expression was significantly upregulated in RA patients (0.66 ± 0.03 vs. 1.27 ± 0.04, t=-20.85, P<0.001), whereas the expression levels of PTEN (0.858±0.036 vs. 0.377±0.022, t=19.36, P<0.001), XIAP (1.107± 0.065 vs. 0.530±0.015, t=15.03, P<0.001), and FASN protein (1.654±0.031 vs. 0.858±0.025, t=34.64, P<0.001) were significantly downregulated. Conclusion:Decreased levels of PTEN protein Neddylation modification may inhibit the entry of PTEN protein into the nucleus, thereby promoting the ubiquitination degradation of FASN, suppressing fatty acid synthesis in Treg cells, affecting the stability of Treg cell immunosuppressive function, and possibly promoting the progression of RA.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg or 200 mg combined with yiqibuvir for 12 weeks in patients with various genotypes of chronic hepatitis C, without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis.Methods:Patients with chronic hepatitis C (without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis) were randomly assigned to the antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (100 mg group) or the antaitasvir phosphate 200 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (200 mg group) in a 1∶1 ratio. The drugs were continuously administered once a day for 12 weeks and observed for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. The drug safety profile was assessed concurrently with the observation of the sustained virological response (SVR12) in the two patient groups 12 weeks following the drug cessation. The intention-to-treat concept was used to define as closely as possible a full analysis set, including all randomized cases who received the experimental drug at least once. The safety set was collected from all subjects who received the experimental drug at least once (regardless of whether they participated in the randomization group) in this study. All efficacy endpoints and safety profile data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The primary analysis was performed on a full analysis set. The frequency and proportion of cases were calculated in the experimental drug group (antaitasvir phosphate capsules combined with yiqibuvir tablets) that achieved "HCV RNA

Objective A two-sample Mendelian randomization approach was used to explore the causal relationship between im-mune cells and the risk of inflammatory joint diseases.Methods A dataset of 731 immune cells and osteoarthritis,ankylosing spondyli-tis,gout,and psoriatic arthritis was obtained from the Finngen database and the GWAS catalog database.The causal relationship between immune cells and osteoarthritis was explored using inverse variance weighting,weighted median and MR-Egger methods,and the stabili-ty and reliability of the research results were evaluated using Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger regression,MR-PRESSO,Leave one out method,and Meta-analysis.Results A total of 45 immune cells were obtained with osteoarthritis,35 immune cells with ankylosing spondylitis,29 immune cells with gout,and 36 immune cells with psoriatic arthritis in a potential causal relationship(P＜0.05).There was a significant causal relationship between HLA DR on CD14-CD16+monocyte and ankylosing spondylitis(P＜6.8 × 10-5),and the results were stable,but Meta-analysis showed that the causal relationship was not significant(OR=1.00,95％CI:1.00-1.00).Conclusion This study preliminarily reveals the causal relationship between immune cells and inflammatory joint diseases represented by ankylosing spondylitis from the perspective of genetics,and provides an important theoretical basis for future precision medicine and indi-vidualized treatment.