Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of probiotics combined with omeprazole in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children.Methods:This study used a prospective design. A total of 110 children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to The First Hospital of Yulin from January to December 2023 were selected for this study. The children were divided into two groups: a control group and an observation group ( n = 55 per group) using a random numbering method. The control group received omeprazole enteric-coated capsules in addition to conventional treatment, while the observation group was treated with butyric acid-producing bifidobacterium and omeprazole enteric-coated capsules. The treatment course for both groups lasted 2 weeks. Clinical symptom scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Additionally, the time to relief of major symptoms, the proportions of T cell subpopulations, changes in serum inflammatory markers, and the incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, the scores of vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea in the observation group were (1.04 ± 0.14), (0.84 ± 0.09), and (1.55 ± 0.17), respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.67 ± 0.18), (1.05 ± 0.12), (2.31 ± 0.25); t = 20.49, 10.38, 18.64, all P<0.001]. The time to relief from vomiting, fever, and diarrhea in the observation group were (1.53 ± 0.52) days, (1.39 ± 0.32) days, and (1.67 ± 0.42) days, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(2.88 ± 0.82) days, (2.59 ± 0.31) days, (2.69 ± 0.71) days; t = 10.31, 19.98, 9.17, all P<0.001]. The proportions of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells in the observation group were (69.74 ± 7.67)%, (45.32 ± 6.80)%, and (27.61 ± 3.31)%, respectively. They were (62.48 ± 9.37)%, (38.66 ± 5.80)%, and (33.42 ± 4.01)% respectively in the control group. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells between the two groups ( t = -4.45, -5.53, 8.29, all P<0.001). The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6 in the observation group were (4.22 ± 0.51) mg/L, (2.55 ± 0.38) ng/L, and (10.25 ± 1.44) ng/L, respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(7.68 ± 1.08) mg/L, (4.78 ± 0.57) ng/L, (18.53 ± 2.22) ng/L; t = 21.48, 24.14, 23.21, all P<0.001]. The level of interleukin-2 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(69.74 ± 7.67) pg/L vs. (56.87 ± 8.53) pg/L; t = -8.32, P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation and control groups [7.27% (4/55) vs. 3.64% (2/55); χ2 = 0.18, P>0.05). Conclusions:The combination of probiotics and omeprazole can effectively improve the clinical manifestations of acute gastroenteritis in children, accelerate symptom recovery, enhance immune function, and demonstrate good safety.

Microbial communities such as those residing in the human gut are highly diverse and complex, and many with important implications for health and diseases. The effects and functions of these microbial communities are determined not only by their species compositions and diversities but also by the dynamic intra- and inter-cellular states at the transcriptional level. Powerful and scalable technologies capable of acquiring single-microbe-resolution RNA sequencing information in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of complex microbial communities together with their hosts are therefore utterly needed. Here we report the development and utilization of a droplet-based smRNA-seq (single-microbe RNA sequencing) method capable of identifying large species varieties in human samples, which we name smRandom-seq2. Together with a triple-module computational pipeline designed for the bacteria and bacteriophage sequencing data by smRandom-seq2 in four human gut samples, we established a single-cell level bacterial transcriptional landscape of human gut microbiome, which included 29,742 single microbes and 329 unique species. Distinct adaptive response states among species in Prevotella and Roseburia genera and intrinsic adaptive strategy heterogeneity in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens were uncovered. Additionally, we identified hundreds of novel host-phage transcriptional activity associations in the human gut microbiome. Our results indicated that smRandom-seq2 is a high-throughput and high-resolution smRNA-seq technique that is highly adaptable to complex microbial communities in real-world situations and promises new perspectives in the understanding of human microbiomes.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics* ; Bacteriophages/physiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Bacteria/virology*

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of probiotics combined with omeprazole in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children.Methods:This study used a prospective design. A total of 110 children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to The First Hospital of Yulin from January to December 2023 were selected for this study. The children were divided into two groups: a control group and an observation group ( n = 55 per group) using a random numbering method. The control group received omeprazole enteric-coated capsules in addition to conventional treatment, while the observation group was treated with butyric acid-producing bifidobacterium and omeprazole enteric-coated capsules. The treatment course for both groups lasted 2 weeks. Clinical symptom scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Additionally, the time to relief of major symptoms, the proportions of T cell subpopulations, changes in serum inflammatory markers, and the incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, the scores of vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea in the observation group were (1.04 ± 0.14), (0.84 ± 0.09), and (1.55 ± 0.17), respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.67 ± 0.18), (1.05 ± 0.12), (2.31 ± 0.25); t = 20.49, 10.38, 18.64, all P<0.001]. The time to relief from vomiting, fever, and diarrhea in the observation group were (1.53 ± 0.52) days, (1.39 ± 0.32) days, and (1.67 ± 0.42) days, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(2.88 ± 0.82) days, (2.59 ± 0.31) days, (2.69 ± 0.71) days; t = 10.31, 19.98, 9.17, all P<0.001]. The proportions of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells in the observation group were (69.74 ± 7.67)%, (45.32 ± 6.80)%, and (27.61 ± 3.31)%, respectively. They were (62.48 ± 9.37)%, (38.66 ± 5.80)%, and (33.42 ± 4.01)% respectively in the control group. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells between the two groups ( t = -4.45, -5.53, 8.29, all P<0.001). The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6 in the observation group were (4.22 ± 0.51) mg/L, (2.55 ± 0.38) ng/L, and (10.25 ± 1.44) ng/L, respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(7.68 ± 1.08) mg/L, (4.78 ± 0.57) ng/L, (18.53 ± 2.22) ng/L; t = 21.48, 24.14, 23.21, all P<0.001]. The level of interleukin-2 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(69.74 ± 7.67) pg/L vs. (56.87 ± 8.53) pg/L; t = -8.32, P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation and control groups [7.27% (4/55) vs. 3.64% (2/55); χ2 = 0.18, P>0.05). Conclusions:The combination of probiotics and omeprazole can effectively improve the clinical manifestations of acute gastroenteritis in children, accelerate symptom recovery, enhance immune function, and demonstrate good safety.

Objective To explore the features of frontotemporal lobes'resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD)based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)and to explore the possible neurological markers for early identification of ASD.Methods Sixty-three preschool ASD children and 72 typical development(TD)children were enrolled.Selected bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),bilateral premotor cortex(PMC),and bilateral temporal lobe(TL)cortex as the regions of interest(ROI).Changes of Oxyhemoglobin in the 6 ROIs in resting-state were measured by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Compared the frontotemporal rsFC strength and calculate the laterality index(LI)between two groups.Results Compared with the TD group,rsFC strength was significantly lower in the ASD group(P<0.05),and the differences existed mainly within the left ROIs(0.21±0.11 vs.0.32±0.18),right ROIs(0.16±0.16 vs.0.30±0.14),bilateral DLPFCs(0.20±0.14 vs.0.39±0.17;0.15±0.13 vs.0.36±0.13),bilateral TLs(0.15±0.14 vs.0.28±0.17;0.14±0.15 vs.0.31±0.17),and between the 10 groups of ROIs-ROIs(including right DLPFC-left DLPFC,right DLPFC-right PMC,right DLPFC-left PMC,right DLPFC-right TL,right DLPFC-left TL,left DLPFC-right PMC,left DLPFC-left PMC,left DLPFC-right TL,left DLPFC-left TL,right TL-left TL).There were a significant differences in the rsFC's laterality index of DLPFC and whole-brain between the two groups(t=2.002,P=0.047;t=3.003,P=0.003),and the ASD group showed left-lateralized connectivity.Conclusion Frontotemporal lobe's resting-state functional connectivity is abnormal in preschool children with ASD,characterized by low short-range functional connectivity of bilateral DLPFCs and TLs,low long-range functional connectivity associated with DLPFCs,and left-lateralized connectivity.

Objective:To review the research methods, contents and research results of spatial disorientation (SD) accident analysis system, and point out the problems in the research and the future research direction. Literature sources and selection Relevant articles and reviews published in China and abroad. Literature quotation Thirty-six published papers and reviews were cited. Literature synthesis The development history of SD accident analysis system were reviewed, and the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of 3 common spatial disorientation accident analysis systems were analyzed. The paper briefly introduced the application of the spatial disorientation accident analysis system on aviation accidents analysis by taking the American International Aerospace Training and Research Center developed system as an example. Finally, the paper prospected the direction and trend of the development. Conclusion:The SD accident analysis system visualizes the causal relationship of SD accidents and further analyzes and studies SD accidents so as to reduce the occurrence of SD accidents.

Objective:To investigate the effect of programmed death receptor (PD)-1 antibody therapy in patients with hepatitis B-associated liver cancer.Methods:Data of 29 chronically infected HBV patients with liver cancer who received PD-1 antibody combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from March 2020 to January 2021 were selected. At the same time, all of the above-mentioned hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Patients clinical diagnostic data, laboratory test results, tumor response and the incidence of adverse reactions were collected retrospectively to understand the overall safety, therapeutic anti-tumor effect, HBV changes condition and the correlation between HBV changes and anti-tumor PD-1 antibody efficacy, high viral load treatment condition, and HBV reactivation safety issues. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric rank sum test.Results:Therapeutic anti-tumor effect and safety profile were good in patients. The complete remission rate was reached 27.6%. Adverse reactions were mostly mild, and the incidence of serious adverse reactions was low. After 12 weeks of follow-up, HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was quantitatively decreased ( P < 0.05). HBV DNA and HBsAg were decreased more significantly in patients with progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD) and partial response (PR) ( P < 0.05). Five patients with HBV DNA ≥ 10 4 IU/ml had responded well to the tumor treatment without serious adverse reactions. One patient had a slight increase in HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase, while there was no HBV reactivation and correlated liver damage. Conclusion:Patients with HBV-associated liver cancer who received combined therapy have good anti-tumor efficacy and safety profile. PD-1 treatment has a certain effect on HBV. Compared with non-responders, patients with tumor response have better antiviral treatment efficacy. The safety of treatment in patients with high viral load is manageable, and there are no safety issues related to HBV reactivation.

Objective:To review the research methods, contents and research results of spatial disorientation (SD) accident analysis system, and point out the problems in the research and the future research direction. Literature sources and selection Relevant articles and reviews published in China and abroad. Literature quotation Thirty-six published papers and reviews were cited. Literature synthesis The development history of SD accident analysis system were reviewed, and the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of 3 common spatial disorientation accident analysis systems were analyzed. The paper briefly introduced the application of the spatial disorientation accident analysis system on aviation accidents analysis by taking the American International Aerospace Training and Research Center developed system as an example. Finally, the paper prospected the direction and trend of the development. Conclusion:The SD accident analysis system visualizes the causal relationship of SD accidents and further analyzes and studies SD accidents so as to reduce the occurrence of SD accidents.

Objective: To explore the night sleep quality of shift nurses and the current situation of their daytime tiredness, sleepiness, and to provide evidence for nursing administrators and managers to allocate human resources reasonably and prevent adverse events. Methods: The cross-sectional method was utilized to conduct a questionnaire survey among shift nurses in a tertiary teaching hospital in Shandong Province from March to May inclusive, 2017. Results: There was a total of 233 valid questionnaires returned. The prevalence of sleep disorder, daytime tiredness and sleepiness was 45.92%, 16.31% and 13.30%, respectively. The differences of the nurses' sleep quality at night between different ages, marriages, educational backgrounds and professional titles were statistically significant (P<0.05) , while the differences of daytime burnout and sleep state between different shift systems were statistically significant (P<0.01) . Night sleep quality was positively correlated with daytime tiredness and sleepiness (P<0.05) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, marriage, educational background and professional title had an impact on nurses' sleep quality at night (P<0.05) . Shift system had an impact on nurses' daytime burnout and sleep apnea (P<0.01) . Conclusion There was a high prevalence of night sleep disorder, daytime tiredness and sleepiness among the shift nurses. Nursing administrators and managers should pay more attention to the night sleep quality of nurses who aged over 30 years old, married, without a bachelor degree and those with a lower professional rank. Furthermore, the current situation of daytime tiredness and sleepiness among two-shift only nurses was worrisome.

Objective To study the clinical effect of total parathyroidectomy (TPTX) on treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods 24 patients undergoing TPTX in Mianyang Central Hospital from Jan.2014 to Nov.2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative,postoperative and follow-up intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH),serum calcium,serum phosphorus and calciumphosphorus product were statistically analyzed.The postoperative complications and recurrence were observed.Results For preoperative,1 week after operation,3 months after operation,6 months after operation,12 months after operation,24 months after operation and 36 months after operation,the mean values of iPTH were (1771.7± 244.5) pg/ml,(70.2±18.2) pg/ml,(106.5±35.3) pg/ml,(114.3±31.3) pg/ml,(122.1±27.8) pg/ml,(128.1±12.5) pg/ml and (113.8±24.9) pg/ml.The mean values of serum calcium were (2.6±0.4) mmol/L,(1.9±0.4) mmol/L,(2.1±0.3) mmol/L,(2.1±0.2) mmol/L,(1.8±0.2) mmol/L,(1.8±0.2) mmol/L and (1.8±0.3) mmol/L.The mean values of serum phosphorus were (2.1±0.7) mmol/L,(1.4±0.6) mmol/L,(1.3±0.4) mmol/L,(1.4±0.3) mmol/L,(1.3±0.3) mmol/L,(1.5±0.2) mmol/L and (1.4±0.4) mmol/L.The mean values of calcium-phosphorus product were (61.9±17.0) mg2/dl2,(34.6±19.4) mg2/dl2,(37.4±14.4) mg2/dl2,(40.4±12.3) mg2/dl2,(29.2±5.3) mg2/dl2,(35.0 ±7.1) mg2/dl2 and (32.4 ± 11.3) mg2/dl2,respectively.Compared with those before operation,postoperative iPTH,serum calcium,serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product decreased significantly at 1 week after operation,3 months after operation,6 months after operation,12 months after operation,24 months after operation and 36 months after operation,and the differences had statistical significance (all P＜0.05).Temporary injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve was found in one patient (4.2％).Early postoperative hypocalcemia rate was 91.7％ (22/24).No recurrence developed after operation.Conclusion TPTX is safe and effective in treatment of SHPT in patients with chronic renal failure,with low recurrence rate and satisfactory treatment outcome.

AIM: To investigate the effect of sitagliptin on the autopaghy and the expression of extracellular matrix in mesangial cells induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs).METHODS: The cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, AGE group, and sitagliptin (5, 10 and 20 μmol/L) groups.After 48 h, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and the content of collagen (Col) Ⅳ in the supernatant of the cell culture was detected by ELISA.The protein levels of beclin-1, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p-AMPK, p70S6K and p-p70S6K were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the viability and the expression of Col IV induced by AGEs in the cultured mesangial cells were significantly increased (P<0.01).Sitagliptin decreased the viability and the expression of Col IV induced by AGEs in the mesangial cells in a dose-dependent manner.AGEs significantly inhibited the protein levels of beclin-1 and p-AMPK, but significantly increased the protein level of p-p70S6K.Compared with AGE group, sitagliptin significantly reversed the above results in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: Autophagy may mediate the protective effect of sitagliptin on mesangial cells induced by AGEs.