Objective:To compare the effects of intraoperative administration or non-administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) on early postoperative inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in elderly male patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 92 elderly male patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures admitted to Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from January 2020 to December 2022, aged 62-96 years [(79.9±8.4)years]. According to the modified Evans classification, the fractures were classified as types I-III in 33 patients and types IV-V in 59. All the patients were treated with proximal femoral intramedullary nail fixation. Among them, 46 patients received intraoperative TXA (TXA group), while 46 patients did not (non-TXA group). The operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, length of postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups. The serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postoperatively were detected. The complication rate and mortality within 1 year postoperatively were also compared between the two groups.Results:All the patients were followed up for 1-12 months [(10.9±2.8)months]. No significant difference was found in the operative duration between the groups ( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss and length of postoperative hospital stay were 150.0(100.0, 200.0)ml and (6.8±1.9)days in the TXA group, less or shorter than those in the non-TXA group [200.0(150.0, 262.5)ml and (7.7±2.0)days] ( P<0.05). At 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively, the IL-6 levels in the TXA group were 84.5(66.3, 100.1)pg/ml, 48.9(36.8, 61.2)pg/ml, and 27.9(19.4, 37.5)pg/ml, which were all lower than those in the non-TXA group [110.3(83.1, 162.9)pg/ml, 63.7(44.2, 84.2)pg/ml, and 32.7(22.4, 42.9)pg/ml] ( P<0.05). No statistically significant difference in the IL-6 level was observed between the two groups at 7 days postoperatively ( P>0.05). At 1 and 3 days after operation, the VAS scores in the TXA group were (4.3±0.9)points and (2.5±0.9)points, lower than those in the non-TXA group [(6.8±1.2)points and (3.0±1.2)points] ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups at 5 and 7 days postoperatively ( P>0.05). The complication rate within one year after operation was 28% (13/46) in the TXA group, significantly lower than 50% (23/46) in the non-TXA group ( P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the mortality within 1 year postoperatively between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with non-administration of TXA, intraoperative administration of TXA can effectively reduce the intraoperative blood loss, shorten the length of postoperative hospital stay, significantly lower early postoperative inflammation levels, reduce early postoperative pain intensity, and decrease the incidence of complications in elderly male patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures, with no significant difference in mortality within 1 year after operation between the two groups.

Microbial communities such as those residing in the human gut are highly diverse and complex, and many with important implications for health and diseases. The effects and functions of these microbial communities are determined not only by their species compositions and diversities but also by the dynamic intra- and inter-cellular states at the transcriptional level. Powerful and scalable technologies capable of acquiring single-microbe-resolution RNA sequencing information in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of complex microbial communities together with their hosts are therefore utterly needed. Here we report the development and utilization of a droplet-based smRNA-seq (single-microbe RNA sequencing) method capable of identifying large species varieties in human samples, which we name smRandom-seq2. Together with a triple-module computational pipeline designed for the bacteria and bacteriophage sequencing data by smRandom-seq2 in four human gut samples, we established a single-cell level bacterial transcriptional landscape of human gut microbiome, which included 29,742 single microbes and 329 unique species. Distinct adaptive response states among species in Prevotella and Roseburia genera and intrinsic adaptive strategy heterogeneity in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens were uncovered. Additionally, we identified hundreds of novel host-phage transcriptional activity associations in the human gut microbiome. Our results indicated that smRandom-seq2 is a high-throughput and high-resolution smRNA-seq technique that is highly adaptable to complex microbial communities in real-world situations and promises new perspectives in the understanding of human microbiomes.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics* ; Bacteriophages/physiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Bacteria/virology*

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of probiotics combined with omeprazole in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children.Methods:This study used a prospective design. A total of 110 children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to The First Hospital of Yulin from January to December 2023 were selected for this study. The children were divided into two groups: a control group and an observation group ( n = 55 per group) using a random numbering method. The control group received omeprazole enteric-coated capsules in addition to conventional treatment, while the observation group was treated with butyric acid-producing bifidobacterium and omeprazole enteric-coated capsules. The treatment course for both groups lasted 2 weeks. Clinical symptom scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Additionally, the time to relief of major symptoms, the proportions of T cell subpopulations, changes in serum inflammatory markers, and the incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, the scores of vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea in the observation group were (1.04 ± 0.14), (0.84 ± 0.09), and (1.55 ± 0.17), respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.67 ± 0.18), (1.05 ± 0.12), (2.31 ± 0.25); t = 20.49, 10.38, 18.64, all P<0.001]. The time to relief from vomiting, fever, and diarrhea in the observation group were (1.53 ± 0.52) days, (1.39 ± 0.32) days, and (1.67 ± 0.42) days, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(2.88 ± 0.82) days, (2.59 ± 0.31) days, (2.69 ± 0.71) days; t = 10.31, 19.98, 9.17, all P<0.001]. The proportions of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells in the observation group were (69.74 ± 7.67)%, (45.32 ± 6.80)%, and (27.61 ± 3.31)%, respectively. They were (62.48 ± 9.37)%, (38.66 ± 5.80)%, and (33.42 ± 4.01)% respectively in the control group. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells between the two groups ( t = -4.45, -5.53, 8.29, all P<0.001). The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6 in the observation group were (4.22 ± 0.51) mg/L, (2.55 ± 0.38) ng/L, and (10.25 ± 1.44) ng/L, respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(7.68 ± 1.08) mg/L, (4.78 ± 0.57) ng/L, (18.53 ± 2.22) ng/L; t = 21.48, 24.14, 23.21, all P<0.001]. The level of interleukin-2 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(69.74 ± 7.67) pg/L vs. (56.87 ± 8.53) pg/L; t = -8.32, P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation and control groups [7.27% (4/55) vs. 3.64% (2/55); χ2 = 0.18, P>0.05). Conclusions:The combination of probiotics and omeprazole can effectively improve the clinical manifestations of acute gastroenteritis in children, accelerate symptom recovery, enhance immune function, and demonstrate good safety.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of probiotics combined with omeprazole in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children.Methods:This study used a prospective design. A total of 110 children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to The First Hospital of Yulin from January to December 2023 were selected for this study. The children were divided into two groups: a control group and an observation group ( n = 55 per group) using a random numbering method. The control group received omeprazole enteric-coated capsules in addition to conventional treatment, while the observation group was treated with butyric acid-producing bifidobacterium and omeprazole enteric-coated capsules. The treatment course for both groups lasted 2 weeks. Clinical symptom scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Additionally, the time to relief of major symptoms, the proportions of T cell subpopulations, changes in serum inflammatory markers, and the incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, the scores of vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea in the observation group were (1.04 ± 0.14), (0.84 ± 0.09), and (1.55 ± 0.17), respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.67 ± 0.18), (1.05 ± 0.12), (2.31 ± 0.25); t = 20.49, 10.38, 18.64, all P<0.001]. The time to relief from vomiting, fever, and diarrhea in the observation group were (1.53 ± 0.52) days, (1.39 ± 0.32) days, and (1.67 ± 0.42) days, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(2.88 ± 0.82) days, (2.59 ± 0.31) days, (2.69 ± 0.71) days; t = 10.31, 19.98, 9.17, all P<0.001]. The proportions of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells in the observation group were (69.74 ± 7.67)%, (45.32 ± 6.80)%, and (27.61 ± 3.31)%, respectively. They were (62.48 ± 9.37)%, (38.66 ± 5.80)%, and (33.42 ± 4.01)% respectively in the control group. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD 3+, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells between the two groups ( t = -4.45, -5.53, 8.29, all P<0.001). The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6 in the observation group were (4.22 ± 0.51) mg/L, (2.55 ± 0.38) ng/L, and (10.25 ± 1.44) ng/L, respectively, all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(7.68 ± 1.08) mg/L, (4.78 ± 0.57) ng/L, (18.53 ± 2.22) ng/L; t = 21.48, 24.14, 23.21, all P<0.001]. The level of interleukin-2 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(69.74 ± 7.67) pg/L vs. (56.87 ± 8.53) pg/L; t = -8.32, P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation and control groups [7.27% (4/55) vs. 3.64% (2/55); χ2 = 0.18, P>0.05). Conclusions:The combination of probiotics and omeprazole can effectively improve the clinical manifestations of acute gastroenteritis in children, accelerate symptom recovery, enhance immune function, and demonstrate good safety.

Objective:To compare the effects of intraoperative administration or non-administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) on early postoperative inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in elderly male patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 92 elderly male patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures admitted to Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from January 2020 to December 2022, aged 62-96 years [(79.9±8.4)years]. According to the modified Evans classification, the fractures were classified as types I-III in 33 patients and types IV-V in 59. All the patients were treated with proximal femoral intramedullary nail fixation. Among them, 46 patients received intraoperative TXA (TXA group), while 46 patients did not (non-TXA group). The operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, length of postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups. The serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postoperatively were detected. The complication rate and mortality within 1 year postoperatively were also compared between the two groups.Results:All the patients were followed up for 1-12 months [(10.9±2.8)months]. No significant difference was found in the operative duration between the groups ( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss and length of postoperative hospital stay were 150.0(100.0, 200.0)ml and (6.8±1.9)days in the TXA group, less or shorter than those in the non-TXA group [200.0(150.0, 262.5)ml and (7.7±2.0)days] ( P<0.05). At 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively, the IL-6 levels in the TXA group were 84.5(66.3, 100.1)pg/ml, 48.9(36.8, 61.2)pg/ml, and 27.9(19.4, 37.5)pg/ml, which were all lower than those in the non-TXA group [110.3(83.1, 162.9)pg/ml, 63.7(44.2, 84.2)pg/ml, and 32.7(22.4, 42.9)pg/ml] ( P<0.05). No statistically significant difference in the IL-6 level was observed between the two groups at 7 days postoperatively ( P>0.05). At 1 and 3 days after operation, the VAS scores in the TXA group were (4.3±0.9)points and (2.5±0.9)points, lower than those in the non-TXA group [(6.8±1.2)points and (3.0±1.2)points] ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups at 5 and 7 days postoperatively ( P>0.05). The complication rate within one year after operation was 28% (13/46) in the TXA group, significantly lower than 50% (23/46) in the non-TXA group ( P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the mortality within 1 year postoperatively between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with non-administration of TXA, intraoperative administration of TXA can effectively reduce the intraoperative blood loss, shorten the length of postoperative hospital stay, significantly lower early postoperative inflammation levels, reduce early postoperative pain intensity, and decrease the incidence of complications in elderly male patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures, with no significant difference in mortality within 1 year after operation between the two groups.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture.Methods:A case-control study was used to analyze the clinical data of 99 geriatric patients with hip fracture admitted to Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University between November 2020 and August 2021. There were 29 males and 70 females, aged 67-96 years [(82.6±6.2)years]. The patients were divided into hypoxemia group ( n=51) and non-hypoxemia group ( n=48) using partial arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2)<80 mmHg while breathing room air at emergency as the reference standard. The two groups were compared in terms of sex, age, fracture types, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, pulmonary diseases diagnosed by preoperative chest CT [atelectasis, pleural effusion, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], time from injury to visit, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, Barthel index, KATZ index, modified Medicine Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, numeric rating scale (NRS), smoking, drinking, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson′s disease, Alzheimer′s disease, cerebral infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease), body temperature, blood routine test at first examination (erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin), biochemistry (serum albumin, blood glucose, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen), electrolyte (serum potassium, serum sodium), and other related examinations [D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), lactic acid]. Univariate analysis was performed to the correlation of those indicators with preoperative hypoxemia. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture. Results:Differences in sex, age, fracture types, BMI, pulmonary diseases diagnosed by preoperative chest CT, time from injury to visit, Barthel index, KATZ index, NRS, smoking, drinking, comorbidities, body temperature, first laboratory results of erythrocyte count, biochemistry, electrolyte and other related examinations were not statistically significant between the two groups (all P>0.05). The two groups showed statistical differences in ASA classification, NYHA classification, mMRC dyspnea scale, leukocyte count at first examination, C-reaction protein and hemoglobin (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that ASA classification, NYHA classification, mMRC dyspnea scale, leukocyte count at first examination and C-reaction protein were correlated with the occurrence of preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regressions analysis indicated that higher mMRC dyspnea scale ( OR=2.30, 95% CI 1.10-4.81, P<0.05), higher leukocyte count at first examination ( OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.45, P<0.05), higher level of C-reaction protein ( OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, P<0.05) and higher level of hemoglobin ( OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, P<0.05) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture. Conclusion:Higher mMRC dyspnea scale, higher leukocyte count, higher level of C-reaction protein and higher level of hemoglobin are independent risk factors for preoperative hypoxemia in geriatric patients with hip fracture.

The aims of the present study were to estimate the affinity between 3,5-()-bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzal)-4-piperidinone hydrochloride (C0818) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and to investigate the inhibitory effects of this compound on Hsp90 ATPase activity. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to examine the affinity between varying concentrations of C0818 and Hsp90, N-Hsp90, M-Hsp90 and C-Hsp90. Fluorescence intensities were recorded in the range of 290-510 nm at 293, 303 and 310 K, respectively. A colorimetric assay for inorganic phosphate (based on the formation of a phosphomolybdate complex and the subsequent reaction with malachite green) were used to examine the inhibitory effects of C0818 on Hsp90 ATPase activity. The equilibrium dissociation constantvalue of C0818 was found to be 23.412±0.943 μmol/L. The interaction between C0818 and Hsp90 was driven mainly by electrostatic interactions. C0818 showed the strongest affinity with C-Hsp90. These results conclusively demonstrate the inhibitory activity of C0818 on the activity of Hsp90 ATPase.

Aim To investigate the effect of BMS- 345541 on the repair of DNA DSBs induced by VP-16 in AML cells and its possible mechanism. Methods The effects of BMS-345541 on the sensitivity of AML cells to VP-16 were determined by MTT. Flow cytome-try ( FCM) was applied to test the level of DNA dam-age, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in AML cells. High content analysis ( HCA) was used to verify the amount ofγ-H2AX,p-ATM,RAD51 in AML cells. Results BMS-345541 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of AML cells induced by VP-16 . BMS- ＜br> 345541 increased the amount of RAD51 foci and p-ATM foci in AML cells treated with VP-16 after 6 hours , which led to increased numbers of cells in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle,then induced apoptotic cell death. Conclusion BMS-345541 sensitizes AML cells to VP-16 via selective inhibition of homologous recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks.

Aim To estimate the affinity between C085 and Hsp90 and the inhibitory effects of C085 on the activity of Hsp90 ATPase. Methods The fluores-cence spectrum experiment was applied to examine the affinity between different C085 concentrations and Hsp90 , NHsp90 , MHsp90 , CHsp90; fluorescence in-tensities were recorded in the range of 290-510 nm at 293 K, 303 K and 310 K, respectively;a colorimetric assay for inorganic phosphate based on the formation of a phosphomolybdate complex and subsequent reaction with malachite green was used to examine the inhibitory effects of C085 on the activity of Hsp90 ATPase. Re-sults The dissociation constant KD value of C085 was (11. 163 ± 0. 316 ) μmol · L-1 . The interaction be-tween C085 and Hsp90 was driven mainly by electro-static interaction. C085 showed strongest affinity with CHsp90. When the concentration of ATP was 1 mmol· L-1 ,the inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity of C085 with the IC50 value was 6. 04μmol·L-1 . Conclusions The interaction mechanism between C085 and Hsp90 can be analyzed by fluorescence spectrum. C085 shows strong inhibition ATPase activity of Hsp90 .

Objective To clarify whether the Cosmc gene down-regnhtion in lgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients is resulted from genetic disorders or external suppressions. Methods Forty IgAN patients, 16 non-IgAN glomerulonephritis patients and 21 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Genomie DNA was extracted and then Cosmc gene was amplified and sequenced. Peripheral B lymphoeytes were isolated and cultured with RPMI-1640 alone or plus lipopolysaecharide (LPS). The Cosmc mRNA expression levels at baseline, after RPMI-1640 culture or RPMI-1640+LPS treatment were measured respectively by real-time RT-PCR. Results (1) Only 2 missense mutations and 2 silent mutations were detected in coding frame region of Cosine gene in 2 IgAN patients. (2) The baseline Cosmc gene expression level was significantly lower in IgAN patients (31% of that in healthy controls) than that in healthy controls. (3) Relative quantification PCR indicated that Cosmc mRNA expression level was significantly increased (219% of baseline) after RPMI-1640 culture, and treatment of LPS could strongly inhibit this effect. (4) The Cosmc gene expression of healthy control was not affected by RPMI-1640 or LPS. Conclusion It is not genetic disorders but external suppression to cause the down-regulation of Cosmc gene mRNA expression in IgAN.