Objective: : The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: : A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelialmesenchymal transition signaling pathway. Results: : The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion : High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.

Objective: : The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: : A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelialmesenchymal transition signaling pathway. Results: : The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion : High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.

Objective: : The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: : A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelialmesenchymal transition signaling pathway. Results: : The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion : High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.

Objective: : The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between spermine synthase (SMS) expression, tumor occurrence, and prognosis in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: : A total of 523 LGG patients and 1152 normal brain tissues were included as controls. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate SMS expression in the LGG group. Functional annotation analysis was conducted to explore the biological processes associated with high SMS expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SMS expression and immune cell types. The association between SMS expression and clinical and pathological features was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of overexpressing or downregulating SMS on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and key proteins in the protein kinase B (AKT)/epithelialmesenchymal transition signaling pathway. Results: : The study revealed a significant upregulation of SMS expression in LGGs compared to normal brain tissues. High SMS expression was associated with certain clinical and pathological features, including older age, astrocytoma, higher World Health Organization grade, poor disease-specific survival, disease progression, non-1p/19q codeletion, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase. Cox regression analysis identified SMS as a risk factor for overall survival. Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in LGG samples, while proportions of dendritic (DC) cells, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) cells, and CD8+ T cells were decreased. Conclusion : High SMS expression in LGGs may promote tumor occurrence through cellular proliferation and modulation of immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest the prognostic value of SMS in predicting clinical outcomes for LGG patients.

Objective : To explore the effects and mechanisms of Kobophenol A ( KPA) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) -induced M1 macrophage polarization，and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of inflammatory immune diseases and the development of new drugs． Methods: The M1 macrophage polarization model of RAW264. 7 was established by LPS induction，and the peroxiredoxin 6 ( Prdx6) knockdown model was constructed using the Prdx6 inhibitor MJ33 and Prdx6-siRNA．RAW264. 7 cells，a mouse macrophage cell line，were treated with various concentrations of KPA． Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay．The expression levels of Prdx6 and M1 macrophage polarization-related proteins，including inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2) ，were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining．The expression levels of Prdx6 and M1 macrophage polarization-related genes iNOS，interleukin-6 ( IL-6) ，and tumor necrosis factor α ( TNF-α) ，were measured by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the expression of cluster of differentiation 86 ( CD86) ，a marker of M1 macrophages． Results: Compared with the LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization model ， KPA significantly reversed the morphological changes of M1 macrophage polarization in RAW264. 7 macrophages and decreased the expression of M1 macrophage polarization-related proteins iNOS，COX- 2，CD86 and related genes iNOS，IL-6，TNF-α ( all P＜0. 05) ．In addition，LPS significantly downregulated the expression of Prdx6 in RAW264. 7 macrophages，while KPA upregulated the expression of Prdx6．Moreover，treatment with the Prdx6 inhibitor MJ33 significantly upregulated the expression of iNOS，a marker of M1 macrophage polarization，in RAW264. 7 macrophages，whereas treatment with KPA significantly downregulated the expression of iNOS ( all P＜0. 05) ． Conclusion KPA inhibits LPS-induced M1 polarization of RAW264. 7 macrophages by upregulating the expression of Prdx6．

In order to understand the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of vaccination against influenza, pneumonia, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes zoster (HZ), COVID-19, and hepatitis B among staff of vaccination units in Shandong Province, a sample survey was conducted among 797 staffs of adult vaccination units in 12 counties (cities and districts) of Shandong Province from August to September 2022. The results showed that the respondents had the highest total score of knowledge and attitude for the COVID-19 vaccine, with the M ( Q1, Q3) of 23 (20, 25) and 10 (10, 10), respectively, and had the lowest score of knowledge and attitude for the herpes zoster vaccine, with the M ( Q1, Q3) of 19 (15, 22) and 8 (8, 10), respectively. The vaccine-related knowledge point"vaccine applicable population"had the highest score, with the M (Q1, Q3) of 26 (23, 30). The "contraindications/adverse reactions" and "adverse reaction management" had the lowest score, with the M (Q1, Q3) of 24 (20, 29) and 24 (20, 28), respectively. About 89.71% of respondents received one adult vaccine within two years at least. The principal driver for vaccination of 53.58% of recipients was their understanding of vaccines, which was"it was necessary to receive the vaccine". About 66.00% of respondents who had not received any adult vaccine in the past two years had insufficient awareness of the necessity of vaccination and believed that they were in good health and did not need to receive it. In summary, the staff of adult vaccination units in Shandong Province have a poor understanding of the herpes zoster vaccine in terms of vaccines and a relatively poor understanding of"contraindications/adverse reaction and management"in adult vaccination knowledge points.

Objective To investigate the role of Taraxasterol(TAR)on ferroptosis in chondrocytes induced by Erastin.Methods The C28/I2 chondrocyte line was treated with Erastin to construct the ferroptosis model of chon-drocytes in vitro and the experiments were divided into Control,Erastin,TAR,and TAR+Erastin groups.Cell via-bility was detected by the CCK-8 assay.Cytotoxicity was detected by the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)kit and the Calcein/PI cytokinesis kit.Flow cytometry was used to detect lipid reactive oxygen species(ROS).The intracellular glutathione(GSH)content was detected by GSH kit.Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 stai-ning and RH123 staining.ACSL4 and GPX4 protein expression and the key indicators of ferroptosis were detected by Western blot.Results TAR restored the decreased cell viability of C28/I2 chondrocytes induced by Erastin treatment as well as reduced Erastin-induced cytotoxicity(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group,the level of intracellular lipid ROS increased(P＜0.01)and the content of GSH decreased(P＜0.01)after treatment with Erastin,while TAR could reduce the production of lipid ROS(P＜0.01)and increase the content of GSH(P＜0.01).TAR restored mitochondrial membrane potential in C28/I2 chondrocytes ferroptosis,decreased ACSL4 pro-tein expression(P＜0.01)and increased GPX4 protein expression(P＜0.01).In addition,TAR restored the re-duced cell viability caused by IL-1 β treatment.Conclusion TAR can inhibit Erastin induced ferroptosis in C28/I2 chondrocytes,which may be related to the regulation of ACSL4 and GPX4 protein expression.