Autoimmune liver diseases （AILD） are a group of chronic liver diseases caused by abnormal activation of the immune system， mainly including autoimmune hepatitis， primary biliary cholangitis， primary sclerosing cholangitis， IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis， and overlap syndrome. Clinical studies have shown that patients with AILD are often comorbid with thyroid diseases， especially autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD）， such as Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological association， potential shared pathogenesis， and overlapping features between AILD and thyroid diseases. A deeper understanding of the immunological links between AILD and AITD may provide a theoretical basis for precision medicine and future research.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) for muscle atrophy in patients with immobilization after surgical fixation of foot and ankle fractures.MethodsThis was a two-arm randomized controlled trial wherein 80 patients were recruited and divided into control (n = 40) and intervention (n = 40) groups. The control group received conventional orthopedic treatment, whereas the intervention group received TEAS and conventional treatment. The intervention group received TEAS 3 times a week for 30 min each time for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes were muscle thickness (MT) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles, whereas the secondary outcome measure was echo intensity (EI). Data were collected before the fixation operations (baseline assessment) and 4 and 8 weeks after intervention.ResultsCompared with baseline, the MT and CSA were reduced in both groups by the end of treatment, whereas EI increased in both groups. At week 4, the reduction in the rectus femoris CSA in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = .02); however, the between-group differences in the MT and EI (all P .05) were not significant. No serious adverse events were observed in either group.ConclusionOur study showed that TEAS can improve muscle atrophy by attenuating the decline in the muscle CSA. Because this was only a pilot trial, subsequent studies will need longer follow-ups and larger sample sizes.

Objective Fasting hypometabolism regulation technology has broad application potential in long-term space flight and survival in extreme extraterrestrial environments.In-depth research on the substrate conversion of energy metabolism and the formation of new steady states under fasting hypometabolism will provide theoretical basis and experimental data support for formulating effective prolonged fasting application mode.Methods 30 SD rats were randomly divided into control group and fasting group(fasting for 1,2,3,and 5 days).Blood biochemical examination,qRT-PCR,and western blotting were performed to analyze the body weight,blood biochemistry,and expression changes of genes and proteins related to glucose and lipid metabolism during different fasting periods.Results Prolonged fasting significantly reduced the body weight,blood glucose,and triglyceride levels of rats;increased the blood ketone level,and replaced glucose as the main energy substance in the body.There are temporal and tissue-specific changes as a whole.Hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis play major roles respectively during different fasting periods.As the fasting time prolongs,the level of hepatic gluconeogenesis gradually decreases,the content of FFA in the blood increases,the expression level of genes related to fat synthesis decreases,fatty acid oxidation is enhanced,and the expression level of the key gene HMGCS2 for ketone body generation increases.Conclusion During prolonged fasting,there is a significant conversion of glucose-ketone energy supply substrates,and a new steady state of energy metabolism mainly supplied by ketone bodies is formed within 2-5 days of fasting.The body maintains a low metabolic state by regulating changes in key genes in pathways such as glucose and lipid metabolism.

Space medicine,as a comprehensive discipline ensuring the safety,health,and efficient performance of astronauts during manned space missions,focuses on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of multi-system physiological effects induced by extreme space environments and developing corresponding protective strategies.With China's space program transitioning into an application and development phase,space medical experiments—a critical domain within space applications—face significant opportunities and challenges.This paper reviews the international development trend in the field of medical experiments and the progress in China from perspectives including platform system construction,utilization of novel technologies,and scientific discoveries.It further outlines the engineering framework,guiding ideology,and key research directions for space medical experiments under China's Space Station Application and Development Project.Deliberations and prospects center on the in-depth analysis of the adaptation law of life in space flight,the application of big data and artificial intelligence technology,the emerging challenges it faces,and the scientific research organization models.This work aims to provide a reference for the development of space medical experiment field in China.

Expert consensus, as an important supplement to clinical practice guidelines, supports clinical decision-making when evidence is lacking or controversial. Compared to clinical practice guidelines, the presentation of expert consensus is more diverse. Currently, there are no reporting guidelines for expert consensus in clinical and public health decision-making. The RIGHT (Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare) checklist is the most commonly used international guideline reporting standard, and is often referred to when writing expert consensus. However, the RIGHT checklist does not include a section on consensus formation methods; while the ACCORD (ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document) checklist includes reporting requirements for consensus formation methods, but not for reporting recommendations. Therefore, this article integrates the RIGHT and ACCORD reporting checklists and proposes an integrated reporting framework (TIMER-DO) to help authors combine these two commonly used international reporting standards and complete the standardized reporting of expert consensus.

OBJECTIVE To establish management index system for rational drug use of key monitoring drugs， and provide reference for the management of key monitoring drugs in the hospitals. METHODS First， the management index system for rational drug use of key monitoring drugs was drafted by collecting the evidence from related medical literature. Next， using a modified Delphi method， twenty experienced experts from the fields of pharmacy， medical practice， healthcare insurance， and finance were selected to participate in two rounds of questionnaire consultations. Based on the expert enthusiasm coefficient， authority coefficient， degree of opinion concentration， and degree of coordination， the final indicators were determined to establish a management index system for rational drug use of key monitored drugs in medical institutions. RESULTS The expert enthusiasm coefficients reached 100% in both rounds of consultation. In first-level， second-level and third-level indicators， the authority coefficients of experts were 0.89， 0.86 and 0.87， and coordination coefficients of the experts in importance score were 0.300 （P＜ 0.05）， 0.125 （P＜0.05） and 0.139 （P＜0.05）， respectively. The average score for the importance of all indicators reached over 3.5， in which the full score ratio ranged from 35% to 100%. Except that the variation coefficient of a third-level indicator “number of specifications purchased for key monitored drugs” was 0.26， the variation coefficients of rest indicators were less than or equal to 0.25. Based on the results of expert consultation， final version of the management index system established in this study， including two first-level indicators （drug procurement and use， and rational drug use）， five second-level indicators （such as the accessibility， cost-effectiveness） and twenty third-level indicators （such as the number of specifications purchased for key monitored drugs， the increase in the cost of key monitored drugs）. CONCLUSIONS The management index system established in this study possesses high reliability and strong operability， and may provide a reference for the management of key monitoring drugs in the hospitals.

Objective:This study aimed to compare the effects of cochlear implantation（CI） on vestibular function in patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome（LVAS） and in patients with extremely severe deafness with normal inner ear structure. Methods:A total of 28 LVAS patients and 28 patients with normal inner ear structure who suffered from extremely severe deafness were selected. The parameters of caloric tests, bone conduction evoked cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials（cVEMP）, bone conduction evoked ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials（oVEMP） and video head impulse tests（v-HIT） were compared between the two groups before and after CI. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Results:There was no significant difference in the results of the preoperative caloric test, v-HIT, and oVEMP（P1, N1） between the LVAS group and the control group（P>0.05）. Compared to the control group, the LVAS group exhibited a shorter cVEMP P1[（13.41±0.71）ms vs （16.28±0.89）ms, P<0.000 1], shorter N1[（19.83±0.54）ms vs （28.18±1.56）ms, P<0.000 1], higher amplitude[（123.60±83.80）μV vs （73.92±79.85）μV, P=0.049 4] and higher oVEMP amplitude[（16.60±13.87）μV vs （9.96±10.47）μV, P=0.028 5] before CI. The abnormal rate of caloric test increased in both groups after CI（25.00% vs 57.14%, P=0.028 8, 32.14% vs 82.14%, P=0.000 3, respectively）. There was no significant difference in the v-HIT parameters in both groups before and after the operation. As for the LVAS group, there was no statistically significant difference in cVEMP and oVEMP induction rates before and after operation. In the control group, there was a decrease in cVEMP induction rate（96.42% vs 64.28%, P=0.005 2） and oVEMP induction rate（96.42% vs 57.14%, P=0.000 9） after CI. LVAS group showed a shorter cVEMP P1[（13.41±0.71）ms vs （10.30±0.60）ms, P<0.000 1]; shorter cVEMP N1[（19.86±0.53）ms vs （18.97±1.33）ms, P=0.004 7]; decreased amplitude[（124.50±84.86）μV vs （64.35±61.57）μV, P=0.001 0] and shorter oVEMP amplitude[（15.92±13.03）μV vs （9.16±9.20）μV, P=0.009 9] after CI. The oVEMP N1 in the control group was longer than that before operation[（11.73 ± 0.91）ms vs （13.35 ± 2.60）ms, P=0.019 6], whereas there was no significant difference in other VEMP parameters after CI. Conclusion:Before CI, there was no significant difference in the results of the caloric test and v-HIT between the LVAS group and the control group, but the LVAS group exhibited increased sensitivity to acoustic stimulation-induced myogenic potentials. After CI, the function of the semicircular canal was impaired in both groups in the low-frequency area, and remained largely unaffected in the high-frequency area. Additionally, the function of the otolith in the LVAS group was less affected than that in the control group after CI, which may be related to the fact that the enlarged vestibular aqueduct of the LVAS patients acted as the third window of the inner ear.
Humans ; Vestibular Aqueduct/physiopathology* ; Cochlear Implantation ; Male ; Female ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Deafness/physiopathology* ; Child ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology* ; Vestibular Function Tests

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of thrombin-antithrombin III complex(TAT),plasmin-α2-plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC),thrombomodulin(TM)and tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex(t-PAIC)in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS).Methods Selected 88 primary MDS patients diagnosed at the 521 Hospital of Ordnance Industry from January 2018 to January 2021.Plasma levels of TAT,PIC,TM,t-PAIC,fibrin degradation products(FDP)and D-dimer(D-D)were measured.A multivariate approach was used to analyze the association between overall survival(OS)and the levels of each coagulation marker.Coagulation markers significantly associated with OS were used to construct a coagulation prognostic scoring system.Based on the median coagulation marker score,MDS patients were divided into high and low score groups.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to plot survival curves.Results TAT(OR=1.667),PIC(OR=0.734),TM(OR=1.294)and t-PAIC(OR=1.523)were independent factors influencing OS in MDS patients(Wald χ2=0.671～10.751,all P<0.05).The β-values were integrated as statistical weights to construct a coagulation marker score,calculated as follows:[TAT]×0.502-[PIC]×1.013+[TM]×0.181+[t-PAIC]×0.381.The OS(median 14.6 months)and leukemia free survival(LFS)(median 10.3 months)of patients in the high coagulation marker score group were significantly lower than those in the low score group(33.6 months,35.2 months)(Log rank=20.57,26.84,all P<0.001).Subgroup analysis indicated that in both the low-risk IPSS-R subgroup(very low,low,and intermediate risk)and the high-risk IPSS-R subgroup(high and very high risk),the OS(Log rank=9.12,4.30)and LFS(Log rank=4.54,8.51)of the high coagulation marker score group were lower than those of the low score group(all P<0.05).Bivariate analysis showed a moderate correlation between the coagulation marker score and Revise International Prognostic Scoring System(IPSS-R)(PCC=0.536,P<0.001).Multivariate analysis indicated that IPSS-R and high coagulation marker scores were independent risk factors for OS and LFS in MDS patients(P<0.05).Conclusion The coagulation marker score,based on TAT,PIC,TM and t-PAIC,can serve as an independent prognostic factor for OS and LFS in MDS patients.

Objective To investigate the application of chromosome microarray analysis(CMA)in prenatal diagnosis of 18q deletion syndrome and to analyze the genotype-phenotype correlation of 18q deletion syndrome.Methods Prenatal diagnosis of three fetuses with 18q deletion syndrome was conducted through amniotic fluid karyotype analysis and CMA.Results Karyotype analysis results of the three fetuses were 46,XY,del(18)(q22);46,XY,-18,+mar;and 46,XX,del(18)(q21.2),respectively.The results of CMA showed that Case 1 had a deletion of 10.0 Mb in the 18q22.2q23 region,Case 2 had a deletion of 5.5 Mb in the 18p11.32p11.31 region and a deletion of 20.9 Mb in the 18q21.32q23 region,and Case 3 had a deletion of 24.1 Mb in the 18q21.2q23 region.Therefore,all the three fetuses had 18q deletion syndrome.Conclusion As a molecular diagnostic technique,CMA can accurately detect the location and size of pathogenic chromosome copy number,and identify the pathogenic genes.It can provide useful evidence for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of 18q deletion syndrome.

AIM:This study aimed to utilize network pharmacology and an anxiety rat model to investigate the intervention targets and underlying mechanisms of Baixiangdan capsule(BXD)in the treatment of anxiety-like behavior.METHODS:We screened the action targets of BXD on the anxiety model using network pharmacology,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis of the identified targets.Additionally,we evaluated the effects of BXD on rat anxiety behaviors induced by foot shock,with measurement of serum level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor(JIK),and the protein levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),phos-phorylated JNK(p-JNK)and JIK in the left hippocampus and hypothalamus.RESULTS:A total of 97 targets,including the dopamine D1/D3 receptors,were identified as intersection targets.GO enrichment analysis indicated that target pro-teins were significantly involved in molecular functions such as catecholamine binding,receptor activation,and signal transduction.KEGG pathway analysis revealed that neural receptor-ligand pathways,including dopaminergic synapses(15%)and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction(18%),were notably represented.In behavioral experiments,BXD and diazepam treatments significantly reduced total path in the open-field test(P＜0.01),while the number of entries into the central region increased(P＜0.05).Additionally,the percentage of entry times of the open arm and the percentage of time spent in the open arm were also increased(P＜0.01).Furthermore,BXD treatment led to decreased ratio of p-JNK/JNK and increased level of JIK(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The traditional Chinese medicine BXD demonstrates a promising efficacy in alleviating anxiety-like behaviors in model rats.It operates through a multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway approach,primarily by modulating the JIK/JNK signaling pathway.