Objective:To observe the effects of 12.5% carbohydrate (CHO) solution and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) solutions at various concentrations on gastric emptying, in order to determine the optimal MCT-CHO combination for enhanced recovery after surgery.Methods:This study was a prospective study. Ten healthy volunteers were selected to ingest 400 ml of the following 5 solutions every day: water, 12.5% CHO, 1% MCT, 2% MCT and 4% MCT. According to the above results, the optimal concentration of MCT solution was 2% MCT, showing comparable gastric emptying rate compared with 12.5% CHO solution. On this basis, combinations of MCT and CHO solutions were determined to be 30 energy % (EN%) MCT+70 EN% CHO and 20 EN% MCT+80 EN% CHO according to the energy distribution ratio. Then the volunteers were given 400 ml of the following 4 solutions every day: 12.5% CHO, 2% MCT, 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO (equivalent to 2% MCT+8% CHO), and 20 EN% MCT+80 EN% CHO (equivalent to 4.4% MCT+10% CHO). Gastric emptying during fasting (T m) and immediately (T 1), 30 min (T 2), 60 min (T 3), 90 min (T 4) and 120 min after ingestion (T 5) were observed by antral ultrasonography. The degree of thirst, hunger, and anxiety was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale, and the taste was rated. Results:The gastric emptying rate in descending order was 20%EN MCT+80%EN CHO group>30%EN MCT+70%EN CHO group≈2％MCT group≈12.5%CHO group. There was no significant difference in gastric emptying rate between 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO group and 12.5% CHO group ( P>0.05). The scores of thirst, hunger and anxiety in 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO group at T 1 to T 5 were significantly lower than those at T m ( P<0.05). 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO group showed the highest taste score. Conclusion:30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO solution has similar gastric emptying rate compared with 12.5% CHO solution. It can relieve thirst, hunger, anxiety and other subjective feelings caused by fasting, with tastes better than 12.5% CHO solution.

Objective:To observe the effects of 12.5% carbohydrate (CHO) solution and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) solutions at various concentrations on gastric emptying, in order to determine the optimal MCT-CHO combination for enhanced recovery after surgery.Methods:This study was a prospective study. Ten healthy volunteers were selected to ingest 400 ml of the following 5 solutions every day: water, 12.5% CHO, 1% MCT, 2% MCT and 4% MCT. According to the above results, the optimal concentration of MCT solution was 2% MCT, showing comparable gastric emptying rate compared with 12.5% CHO solution. On this basis, combinations of MCT and CHO solutions were determined to be 30 energy % (EN%) MCT+70 EN% CHO and 20 EN% MCT+80 EN% CHO according to the energy distribution ratio. Then the volunteers were given 400 ml of the following 4 solutions every day: 12.5% CHO, 2% MCT, 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO (equivalent to 2% MCT+8% CHO), and 20 EN% MCT+80 EN% CHO (equivalent to 4.4% MCT+10% CHO). Gastric emptying during fasting (T m) and immediately (T 1), 30 min (T 2), 60 min (T 3), 90 min (T 4) and 120 min after ingestion (T 5) were observed by antral ultrasonography. The degree of thirst, hunger, and anxiety was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale, and the taste was rated. Results:The gastric emptying rate in descending order was 20%EN MCT+80%EN CHO group>30%EN MCT+70%EN CHO group≈2％MCT group≈12.5%CHO group. There was no significant difference in gastric emptying rate between 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO group and 12.5% CHO group ( P>0.05). The scores of thirst, hunger and anxiety in 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO group at T 1 to T 5 were significantly lower than those at T m ( P<0.05). 30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO group showed the highest taste score. Conclusion:30 EN% MCT+70 EN% CHO solution has similar gastric emptying rate compared with 12.5% CHO solution. It can relieve thirst, hunger, anxiety and other subjective feelings caused by fasting, with tastes better than 12.5% CHO solution.

Objective To observe the effectiveness and safety of DiaSphere embolized microsphere TACE for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Totally 188 patients with HCC were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to research group(n=93)and control group(n=95),who underwent TACE with DiaSphere embolized microspheres and Embosphere embolized microspheres,respectively.The incidence of TACE-related adverse events were recorded.The therapeutic efficacy 1 month after the first TACE,also 1 and 3 months after the last TACE,and liver functions 1 month after the first and last TACE were compared between groups.Results In research group,there were 69 cases underwent 1 time TACE,22 cases underwent 2 times and 2 cases underwent 3 times TACE,while in control group,there were 82 cases underwent 1 time and 13 cases underwent 2 times TACE,respectively.No statistical difference of the incidence of adverse events was found between groups(77.42%[72/93]vs.76.84%[73/95],P=1.000).One month after the first TACE,7 cases in research group and 11 cases in control group were lost to follow-up,respectively.One month after the last TACE,12 cases were lost to follow-up in both groups,and 3 months after the last TACE,28 cases were lost to follow-up in both groups.No significant difference of objective response rate nor disease control rate was found between groups at the above time points(all P＞0.05).One month after the first and last TACE,liver function indicators were not different between groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Both the short-term efficacy and safety of TACE with DiaSphere embolized microspheres for treating HCC were good.

Objective To observe the effectiveness and safety of DiaSphere embolized microsphere TACE for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Totally 188 patients with HCC were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to research group(n=93)and control group(n=95),who underwent TACE with DiaSphere embolized microspheres and Embosphere embolized microspheres,respectively.The incidence of TACE-related adverse events were recorded.The therapeutic efficacy 1 month after the first TACE,also 1 and 3 months after the last TACE,and liver functions 1 month after the first and last TACE were compared between groups.Results In research group,there were 69 cases underwent 1 time TACE,22 cases underwent 2 times and 2 cases underwent 3 times TACE,while in control group,there were 82 cases underwent 1 time and 13 cases underwent 2 times TACE,respectively.No statistical difference of the incidence of adverse events was found between groups(77.42%[72/93]vs.76.84%[73/95],P=1.000).One month after the first TACE,7 cases in research group and 11 cases in control group were lost to follow-up,respectively.One month after the last TACE,12 cases were lost to follow-up in both groups,and 3 months after the last TACE,28 cases were lost to follow-up in both groups.No significant difference of objective response rate nor disease control rate was found between groups at the above time points(all P＞0.05).One month after the first and last TACE,liver function indicators were not different between groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Both the short-term efficacy and safety of TACE with DiaSphere embolized microspheres for treating HCC were good.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pregnant women with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).Methods:A total of 11 pregnant women with HFRS admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (four cases), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (four cases), The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (one case) and Central Hospital of Xianyang City (two cases) between November 2009 and February 2019 were included as the study group, and 24 age-matched non-pregnant women with HFRS were selected as the control group. The age, complications, clinical classification and laboratory indexes of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively, and the clinical outcomes of pregnant women and their fetuses in the study group were followed up. The data between two groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. Results:Patients in the study and control groups were 29 (22, 33) and 32 (24, 37) years old, respectively. Seven of 11 patients in study group were severe and critical cases, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (16.7%(4/24), χ2=7.722, P=0.015). In the study group, 10 patients had hypervolemic syndrome, 10 patients had pulmonary edema and six patients had overlapping hypotension shock phase and oliguria phase, which were all higher than those in the control group ((2/24, 8.3%), (2/24, 8.3%) and (2/24, 8.3%), respectively; χ2=22.828, 22.828 and 9.135, respectively, all P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the pregnant patients in study group had a higher urea nitrogen maximum and serum creatinine maximum, and the differences were both statistically significant ( Z=-2.453 and -2.336, respectively, both P<0.05), while they had a lower serum albumin minimum, hemoglobin maximum and hemoglobin minimum, and the differences were all statistically significant ( Z=-3.742, -3.350 and -4.034, respectively, all P<0.01). All pregnant women with HFRS recovered. Nine pregnant women gave birth to nine healthy infants. All of them received breastfeeding and the feeding duration were more than six months. No abnormal growth and development were found during an average follow-up of three years. Conclusions:Pregnancy can aggravate the severity of HFRS, and pregnant women have higher risk of the multiple stages overlap and the complications such as hypervolemic syndrome and acute pulmonary edema. After recovery from HFRS, mother may carry to full-term pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the effect of catheter-based peripheral sympathetic denervation (CPSD) on peripheral artery sympathetic tone of New Zealand rabbits.Methods Twenty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into CPSD group and control group (each n =10).Endovascular radiofrequency ablation above the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta was performed on the rabbits in CPSD group.Norepinephrine was infused with continuous trans-arterial pumping in both two groups.And laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure the peripheral microperfusion and temperature of right hindlimb of rabbits.The changes of the peripheral microperfusion and temperature before (resting state) and after norepinephrine infused (norepinephrine load state) were compared between the two groups.Results Eight rabbits completed the procedure in each group.The change of peripheral microperfusion between resting and norepinephrine load states in CSPD group was lower than that in control group ([-37.19±22.56]％ vs [-57.02％±10.12]％,P=0.04),whereas the change of temperature was not significantly different between the two groups ([0.35±0.50]℃ vs [-0.21± 1.83]℃,P=0.43),while significant difference was noticed when two rabbits with abnormal temperature change in control group were neglected ([0.34± 0.50] ℃ vs [-1.14 ±0.72] ℃,P＜0.01).Conclusion CPSD can be used to decrease the peripheral artery sympathetic tone of New Zealand rabbits,and may play an important role in relieving symptoms of critical limb ischemia.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of endovascular technique in treatment of acute arterial hemorrhage of abdominal organs.Methods Totally 159 cases (145 patients) acute arterial hemorrhage of abdominal organs were enrolled.All patients underwent emergency transarterial angiography.Endovascular treatment by spring coil,gelatin sponge,or covered stent were in 40 cases.The success rate of immediate and long-term hemostasis was judged by the postoperative radiography,symptoms and the changes of vital signs and laboratory results.Results The positive signs in angiography were observed in 47 among the total 159 cases (47/159,29.56％).Seventy-seven postoperative hemorrhage cases underwent angiography and 29 cases (29/77,37.66 ％) were positive,82 non-operative hemorrhage cases underwent angiography and 18 cases (18/82,21.95％) were positive.The difference was statistical significant (P＜0.05).Endovascular treat ment were performed in 40 cases (33 by spring coils,4 by gelatin sponge and 3 by covered stent).Hemorrhages were con trolled immediately in all the 40 cases after embolization and the success rate were 100％.Conclusion Endovascular tech nique is minimal invasive,and it is an effective method for treatment of acute arterial hemorrhage in abdominal organs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on the workers' health.

METHODSA total of 76 workers exposed to TDI (exposure group) and 64 management staff members (control group) were selected from a factory as the study subjects. Area sampling was performed for the place with exposure to TDI according to the method in GBZ 159-2004 Specifications of air sampling for hazardous substances monitoring in the workplace, and gas chromatography was applied to measure the concentration of TDI in workplace air. The workers' personal information was collected with questionnaire, pulmonary ventilation function was determined with a portable spirometer, hematological parameters were analyzed by automatic blood analyzer and blood chemistry analyzer, and the indicators of oxidative damage and energy metabolism were measured by the reagent kit provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. SPSS 17 software was applied for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe exposure group had significantly lower forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1.0), and FEV1.0/FVC ratio than the control group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the exposure group had significantly higher red blood cell count, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count(P<0.01), and significantly lower activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), superoxide dismutase, and succinodehydrogenase (SDH)(P <0.01). In the exposure group, the length of exposure was negatively correlated with the activities of SDH and LDH in the serum (r=-0.319, P <0.05; r=-0.239, P <0.05), and the length of exposure was not found to be correlated with the activity of SOD and pulmonary function indices.

CONCLUSIONTDI can induce inflammatory response and lung ventilation function impairment in workers exposed to TDI, as well as oxidative stress and imbalance of energy metabolism. Therefore, it can cause damage to workers' health, and protective measures should be enhanced.

Case-Control Studies ; Erythrocyte Count ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Succinate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate ; adverse effects ; Vital Capacity

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the endovascular treatment of subclavian artery stenosis.Methods From January 2010 to December 2015,the clinical data of 93 patients with subclavian artery stenosis were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were received angiography and endovascular treatment.Results The technical success rate was 97.9％.Clinical symptom remission rate was 97.8％ after the treatment.There was no procedure related death.During the procedure,limited arterial dissection was encountered in two cases.One patient had minor cerebellar hemorrhage.The follow-up time was 12 to 60 months.Median follow-up time was 36 months.Restenosis was occurred in nine cases.The patency rate of 5 years was 81.0％.Conclusions Endovascular treatment was a safe and effective treatment as the result of our data.It should be used as the preferred treatment of choice for subclavian artery stenosis.

Objective To ascertain the frequency distribution of CT examinations in children.Method A wide range of information was collected through the radiology information system (RIS),including ID,sex,birth date,examination time,the examined part of body and other relevant ones related to children who underwent CT examinations between Jan 1,2012 and Dec 31,2012.The SAS software was used for data processing and statistical analysis.Results A total of 1 542 children underwent 1 670 examinations,of which 67％ were male.Head CT examination was the most frequent,accounting for 71.9％ of all CT examinations,and followed by the abdomen/pelvis examinations.The number of examinations of children undergoing the repetitive examination accounted for 6.4％; 51.7％ of the examinations was for trauma.The positive rate of CT examination was 51％,dependent upon the age and examined body parts to some extent.The younger patients had lower positive rate,and the positive rate of head CT examination was lower than those in other parts.Conclusions To reduce the possible cancer risk to be induced by the ionizing radiation from CT,justification of CT examination should be considered for children.