ObjectiveTo investigate the expression characteristics of serum HBV RNA in patients with low-level viremia （LLV） and its value in the diagnosis of LLV. MethodsA total of 402 chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients who attended Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from December 2023 to May 2025 were enrolled， and according to their viral load， they were divided into complete virologic response （CVR） group （190 patients with HBV DNA <20 IU/mL） and LLV group （212 patients with an HBV DNA level of ≥20 IU/mL and <2 000 IU/mL）. The two groups were analyzed in terms of age， sex， disease type， serum HBV RNA， HBeAg， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and total bilirubin （TBil）， and according to HBeAg status， the patients in the LLV group were further divided into HBeAg-negative group with 140 patients and HBeAg-positive group with 72 patients. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for LLV in CHB patients， and a Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of HBV RNA with HBV DNA， ALT， AST， and TBil in the LLV group. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was plotted to evaluate the efficacy of HBV RNA in the diagnosis of LLV. ResultsCompared with the CVR group， the LLV group had a significantly higher serum level of HBV RNA ［3 （1　—　5） log₁₀ copies/mL vs 2 （1　—　3） log₁₀ copies/mL， Z=-2.346， P=0.019］ and a significantly higher proportion of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis （31.13% vs 22.11%， χ²=4.155， P=0.042） or hepatocellular carcinoma （9.91% vs 4.74%， χ²=3.876， P=0.049）. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that HBV RNA （odds ratio=1.163， 95% confidence interval： 1.058　—　1.278， P=0.002） was an independent risk factor for the onset of LLV in CHB patients. Among the patients with LLV， HBeAg-positive patients had a significantly higher level of HBV RNA than HBeAg-negative patients ［6 （4　—　7） log₁₀ copies/mL vs 2 （1　—　3） log₁₀ copies/mL， Z=-9.962， P<0.001］. The correlation analysis showed that HBV RNA level had no significant correlation with HBV DNA， ALT， AST， or TBil in the patients with LLV （all P>0.05）. The ROC curve analysis showed that HBV RNA had an AUC of 0.567 for the diagnosis of LLV （P=0.021）， with an optimal cut-off value of 4.5 log₁₀ copies/mL， a sensitivity of 30.7%， and a specificity of 85.8%. ConclusionSerum HBV RNA level is an independent risk factor for the development of LLV in CHB patients， and there is a significant increase in the expression of HBV RNA in HBeAg-positive patients. Therefore， it may serve as a potential biomarker for clinical risk assessment.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combining the replenishing qi and nourishing yin empirical formula with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 59 patients diagnosed with DME at Tongji Hospital of Tongji University or Shanghai Nanxiang Hospital, Jiading District from June 2019 to December 2022. Among them, 29 cases received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (anti-VEGF group), while 30 cases received both intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and oral administration of the replenishing qi and nourishing yin empirical formula (combined treatment group). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score were compared between the two groups before treatment and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after treatment. Results Compared with before treatment, BCVA significantly improved (P＜0.05) and CMT significantly decreased (P＜0.05) at different time points after treatment in both groups. At 16, 20, and 24 weeks after treatment, BCVA in the combined treatment group was superior to that in the anti-VEGF group (P＜0.01). At 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after treatment, CMT in the combined treatment group was lower than that in the anti-VEGF group (P＜0.01). Starting from week 8 after treatment, the TCM syndrome scores in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the anti-VEGF group (P＜0.01). Conclusions The replenishing qi and nourishing yin empirical formula could improve the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy in DME patients, indicating that integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine has certain clinical application value in treating DME.

Abstract To clarify the service targets, service contents, and safeguard mechanisms of the basic public service program for student vision health management, the study grounded in the current status of child and adolescent myopia prevention and control in China and integrated with the practical experience and innovative practices of Wuhan National Demonstration Area for Student Vision Health Management, takes education as the main thread and schools as the base, consolidating resources from multiple stakeholders including education administrative departments, schools, families, and professional technical service institutions. Centering on four core components—vision health education, monitoring and record keeping, risk prevention and control, and dynamic management, the study constructs a multi tiered basic public service system for vision health management of primary and secondary school students. It further proposes the use of an intelligent management platform and a "three tier color coded early warning" mechanism (red, yellow, blue) to prevent and control student myopia at the source, providing schools with replicable and operable implementation pathways to enhance the level of student vision health management.

Objective To investigate the expression of HBV RNA in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocel-lular carcinoma(HBV-HCC).Methods A total of 259 patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and 41 HBV-HCC patients treated in the outpatient or inpatient department of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from December 2023 to January 2025 were enrolled as subjects.The differences in age,sex,and levels of HBV RNA,HBV DNA,ALT,AST,and TBIL between the two groups were compared.Differences in viral load between HBV RNA and HBV DNA within each group were compared.Correlations between HBV RNA and HBV DNA,ALT,AST,and TBIL within each group were analyzed.Diagnostic efficacy of HBV RNA for HBV-HCC was determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results The HBV-HCC group had significantly higher HBV RNA load,HBV RNA positivity rate,ALT,AST and TBIL levels and proportion of male patients and older age compared to the CHB group(P<0.05).Scatter plot analysis revealed a higher HBV DNA load compared to the HBV RNA load in the CHB group(P<0.000 1).Correlation analysis showed that HBV RNA was positively correlated with HBV DNA in both groups(P<0.05).In the CHB group,HBV RNA was positively correlated with ALT,AST and TBIL(P<0.001).The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for HBV RNA was 0.6923(P<0.000 1),with an optimal cut-off value of≥2.5 log10 copies/mL for diagnosing HBV-HCC.Conclusion Serum HBV RNA levels demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity for identifying HBV-HCC and can serve as a reliable indicator for predicting the occurrence of HBV-HCC.

AIM:To establish a stable and efficient rat model of alcoholic liver disease(ALD),we investigat-ed the effects of different alcoholic beverage concentrations and alcohol dosing regimens.METHODS:(1)SPF-grade male SD rats were randomized into 5 groups(n=10):blank,ALD1,ALD2,ALD3,and ALD4.Except for the blank group,rats received intragastric administration of 56%alcohol(6 mL/kg twice daily with an 8-hour interval)for 4 weeks,along with free access to 0%,5%,10%,or 15%alcoholic beverage to evaluate concentration-dependent effects.(2)An-other cohort was divided into three groups(n=10):blank,ALD5,and ALD6.Rats(except blank)were gavaged with 56%alcohol twice daily for 9 weeks(8 mL/kg for ALD5;6 mL/kg in week 1,increasing by 0.5 mL/kg weekly for ALD6),with 10%alcoholic beverage available ad libitum to assess dose-dependent effects.Serum biochemical markers[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density li-poprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)]and inflammatory cytokines[interleu-kin-6(IL-6),IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]were analyzed after modeling,complemented by imaging(B-ultrasound,CT,and MRI).Success and survival rates were calculated.RESULTS:(1)ALD1～4 groups exhibited sig-nificantly elevated ALT,AST,TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and reduced HDL-C and liver-to-spleen CT density ratio vs blank.ALD3(10%alcoholic beverage)showed the highest modeling success rate with low mortality.(2)ALD5 and ALD6 groups also had siginificant differin terms(P<0.01),with ALD6(gradually increas-ing dose)displaying more severe liver injury,higher success rate,and better survival.CONCLUSION:The optimal ALD model was induced by intragastric administration of 56%alcohol(6 mL/kg twice daily in week 1,increasing by 0.5 mL/kg weekly for 9 weeks)combined with 10%alcoholic beverage.This protocol offers a reliable approach for ALD re-search and drug development.

AIM:To establish a stable and efficient rat model of alcoholic liver disease(ALD),we investigat-ed the effects of different alcoholic beverage concentrations and alcohol dosing regimens.METHODS:(1)SPF-grade male SD rats were randomized into 5 groups(n=10):blank,ALD1,ALD2,ALD3,and ALD4.Except for the blank group,rats received intragastric administration of 56%alcohol(6 mL/kg twice daily with an 8-hour interval)for 4 weeks,along with free access to 0%,5%,10%,or 15%alcoholic beverage to evaluate concentration-dependent effects.(2)An-other cohort was divided into three groups(n=10):blank,ALD5,and ALD6.Rats(except blank)were gavaged with 56%alcohol twice daily for 9 weeks(8 mL/kg for ALD5;6 mL/kg in week 1,increasing by 0.5 mL/kg weekly for ALD6),with 10%alcoholic beverage available ad libitum to assess dose-dependent effects.Serum biochemical markers[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density li-poprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)]and inflammatory cytokines[interleu-kin-6(IL-6),IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]were analyzed after modeling,complemented by imaging(B-ultrasound,CT,and MRI).Success and survival rates were calculated.RESULTS:(1)ALD1～4 groups exhibited sig-nificantly elevated ALT,AST,TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and reduced HDL-C and liver-to-spleen CT density ratio vs blank.ALD3(10%alcoholic beverage)showed the highest modeling success rate with low mortality.(2)ALD5 and ALD6 groups also had siginificant differin terms(P<0.01),with ALD6(gradually increas-ing dose)displaying more severe liver injury,higher success rate,and better survival.CONCLUSION:The optimal ALD model was induced by intragastric administration of 56%alcohol(6 mL/kg twice daily in week 1,increasing by 0.5 mL/kg weekly for 9 weeks)combined with 10%alcoholic beverage.This protocol offers a reliable approach for ALD re-search and drug development.

Objective:To develop national standard materials for Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 12F,14,17F and 22F polysaccharides.Methods:According to the method recommended by the 2020 Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the relevant limit quality control of four different serotypes of polysaccharide candidate standards was conducted.The uniformity of subpackage and stability of the candidate standard products under different conditions were ana-lyzed.Furthermore,three laboratories were organized for collaborative calibration.Results:The results showed that the quality of serotypes 12F,14,17F and 22F polysaccharides candidate standards met the requirements of the quality standard of polysaccharide in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The RSD between polysaccha-ride content of different candidate standard samples were less than 5.0％,indicating that the uniformity of the poly-saccharide candidate standards was better.The results from stability analysis confirmed that the polysaccharide con-centration of serotypes 12F,14,17F and 22F polysaccharide candidate standard did not change significantly after being placed at 2-8 ℃,25 and 37℃for different times and after repeated freezing and thawing three times.Compared with the test results of each candidate standard product stored at-70 ℃ for a long time,the RSD were all within 5％.The collaborative results confirmed that the RSD of the polysaccharide content in different laborato-ries were less than 12％,of which assigned the concentration of four different serotype polysaccharide candidate standards.Conclusion:Serotypes 12F,14,17F and 22F polysaccharide standards have been developed,of which can be used for quality control of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in the future.

Objective To investigate the expression of HBV RNA in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocel-lular carcinoma(HBV-HCC).Methods A total of 259 patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and 41 HBV-HCC patients treated in the outpatient or inpatient department of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from December 2023 to January 2025 were enrolled as subjects.The differences in age,sex,and levels of HBV RNA,HBV DNA,ALT,AST,and TBIL between the two groups were compared.Differences in viral load between HBV RNA and HBV DNA within each group were compared.Correlations between HBV RNA and HBV DNA,ALT,AST,and TBIL within each group were analyzed.Diagnostic efficacy of HBV RNA for HBV-HCC was determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results The HBV-HCC group had significantly higher HBV RNA load,HBV RNA positivity rate,ALT,AST and TBIL levels and proportion of male patients and older age compared to the CHB group(P<0.05).Scatter plot analysis revealed a higher HBV DNA load compared to the HBV RNA load in the CHB group(P<0.000 1).Correlation analysis showed that HBV RNA was positively correlated with HBV DNA in both groups(P<0.05).In the CHB group,HBV RNA was positively correlated with ALT,AST and TBIL(P<0.001).The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for HBV RNA was 0.6923(P<0.000 1),with an optimal cut-off value of≥2.5 log10 copies/mL for diagnosing HBV-HCC.Conclusion Serum HBV RNA levels demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity for identifying HBV-HCC and can serve as a reliable indicator for predicting the occurrence of HBV-HCC.

Objective:To observe the effects of recombinant human growth hormone(rh-GH)on depressive-like behavior in mice with chronic restraint stress(CRS),and to discuss its possible mechanism.Methods:The CRS method was used to establish an animal model of depression;a total of 45 mice were didided into control group(non-modeled,n=15),and CRS model group(modeled,n=30)the sucrose preference test(SPT)was used to detect the sucrose preference rate of the mice;the tail suspension test(TST)was used to detect the immobility time of the mice;the open field test(OFT)was used to detect the total moving distance of the mice within 5 min and the time spent in the central area.The CRS mice were randomly divided into CRS model+saline group and CRS model+rh-GH group(n=10);the mice in CRS model+saline group were injected with normal saline;the mice in CRS model+rh-GH group were subcutaneously injected with rh-GH daily for 1 month;the peripheral blood of the mice was collected before and after intervention to detect the expression levels of growth hormone(GH)and insulin-like growth factorⅠ(IGF-Ⅰ)proteins in serum;after all behavioral experiments,the hippocampus tissue was taken to detect the expression level of synapsin-1(SYN-1)protein in the tissue of the mice.Results:Compared with control group,the body weight of the mice in CRS model group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the sucrose preference rate in SPT was significantly decreased(P<0.01),the immobility time in TST was significantly prolonged(P<0.01);in OFT,the total moving distance of mice showed no significant change(P>0.05),while the time spent in the central area was significantly shortened(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the expression levels of GH and IGF-Ⅰ proteins in serum of the mice in CRS model group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with CRS model+saline group,the sucrose preference rate in SPT of the mice in CRS model+rh-GH group was significantly increased(P<0.01),the immobility time in TST was significantly shortened(P<0.05),the total moving distance in OFT showed no significant difference(P>0.05),and the time spent in the central area was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with model+saline group,the expression levels of GH and IGF-Ⅰ proteins in serum of the mice in CRS model+rh-GH group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the expression level of SYN-1 protein in hippocampus tissue of mice in drug-treated model group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:rh-GH has ameliorative effects on depressive-like behavior induced by chronic restraint stress in mice,and its mechanism may be associated with regulation of the GH/IGF-Ⅰ axis and increased expression of SYN-1 in hippocampus tissue.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the cellular milieu in which tumor cells thrive, comprising interacting cells and associated factors that form a complex network of interactions, directly or indirectly influencing the initiation, progression, and metastasis of lung cancer. Through TCM pattern identification, it has been observed thatphlegm-pathogen is closely associated with disorder in the inflammatory-metabolic-immune microenvironments of lung cancer. This involves three key pathological mechanisms: "phlegm-stasis complicated by toxin, qi deficiency with exuberant phlegm, and phlegm-pathogen impairing healthy qi". Molecular mechanism studies have revealed that phlegm-resolving agents can extensively modulate multiple targets or pathways, thereby remodeling the inflammatory-metabolic-immune microenvironments of lung cancer. Consequently, a comprehensive therapeutic strategy integrating "resolving phlegm, dispelling stasis, and detoxifying; supplementing qi, warming yang, and resolving phlegm; and reinforcing healthy qi, tonifying the lung, and eliminating phlegm" is essential to reshape the lung cancer TME and enhance antitumor efficacy.