Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of lower respiratory tract infections oc-currence and respiratory system prognosis in infantile stage of children patients with bronchopulmonary dys-plasia(BPD).Methods Fifty premature infants with lower respiratory tract infection and BPD treated in this hospital from March 2017 to December 2020 were selected as the BPD group and 50 preterm infants with low-er respiratory tract infection without BPD during the same period were selected as the non-BPD group.The clinical data and occurrence situation of respiratory system diseases within 3 years after birth in the two groups were collected and analyzed.Results Compared with the non-BPD group,the incidence rates of tachy-pnoea(48.0%vs.12.0%),wheeze(44.0%vs.10.0%),wheezing rale(44.0%vs.10.0%),three concave sign(28.0%vs.8.0%),cyanosis(20.0%vs.4.0%),severe pneumonia(48.0%vs.12.0%)and respirato-ry failure(20.0%vs.4.0%)in the BPD group were higher,the hospitalization duration[7.5(7.0,10.0)d vs.7.0(6.0,7.0)d]was longer,the reaching peak time ratio[18.20%(14.65%,22.25%)vs.24.85%(19.55%,32.78%)],the reaching peak volume ratio[22.15%(19.43%,23.83%)vs.25.65%(22.40%,34.90%)]and the inspiratory/expiratory ratio(0.70±0.12 vs.0.76±0.11)were lower,the 3-year total lower respiratory tract infection times[5.0(4.0,10.0)times vs.3.0(2.0,5.0)times],wheeze times[2.0(1.0,4.0)times vs.0.5(0,1.0)times],the hospitalization times[3.00(2.00,5.00)times vs.2.00(1.00,2.00)times],severe pneumonia times[2.0(1.0,2.0)times vs.1.0(0,1.0)times]and wheeze times in differ-ent ages were more,total hospitalization duration[29.50(19.50,38.25)d vs.13.00(7.00,17.75)d]was lon-ger,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The children patients with BPD are prone to lower respiratory tract infections,especially 0-<1 years old,the proportion of severe pneumonia af-ter infection is higher and wheezing is easily to develop.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of infection control departments setting,allocation of in-fection control professionals and their position competence in the secondary,tertiary traditional Chinese medi-cine institutions of Beijing.METHODS The questionnaire survey was conducted for all of the secondary and tertiary traditional Chinese medicine institutions in Beijing by Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Infection Man-agement Quality Control Center from Feb.17,2023 to Apr.11,2023.The content of the survey involved the in-formation of the hospitals,setting information of infection control departments and allocation of infection control professionals.RESULTS Totally 59 traditional Chines medicine medical institutions were involved in the survey,35(59.32％)were tertiary hospitals.The median of opened beds was 331(155,479)in the first quarter of 2023.The median of equipped infection control professionals was 4(3,5).The number of infection control professional e-quipped in 67.80％of the medical institutions conformed to requirements of"Notice regarding to further strength-en the management of infection control professionals allocation in medical institutions"released by The Joint Pre-vention and Control Mechanism of the State Council for the Response to the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epi-demic in Aug.2021,with the ratio of infection control professionals to beds 1∶94.20.The principals in charge of the infection control department who had the qualifications for senior professional and technical position and en-gaged in infection control for more than 5 years accounted for 20.00％.Among the infection control professionals,nurses accounted for 49.17％,doctors 41.67％,other professionals 9.17％.CONCLUSIONS There is relatively adequate quantity of the infection control professional equipped in the secondary and tertia-ry medical institutions of Beijing,however,the principals in charge of the infection control department who had the qualifications for senior professional and technical position and engaged in infection control for more than 5 years are very scarce.It is necessary to further optimize the structure of the infection control professionals.

Objective:To analysis the possible behavior of coders in the reform of Diagnosis Related Groups(DRG)payment mode.Methods:To collect through questionnaires the possible coders'behaviors,and extract the common factors of possible behaviors according to factor analysis,and cluster the coders by the K-means clustering method.Results:Classify the possible coders'behaviors into positive behaviors such as following coding norms and standards,and negative behaviors such as directly coding without detailed reading of medical records.Less than 25 years old were more inclined to adopt negative behaviors,and associate senior titles and higher cognitive level of DRG were more inclined to adopt positive behaviors.The coders are divided into"positive group"who tend to take positive behaviors and"negative group"who take negative behaviors.Conclusion:Coders are more likely to adopt positive behavior,and we should be pay attention to the impact of different demographic characteristics on coders.To adopt different management strategies for different categories of coders,and strengthen training through hierarchical classification,and enhance coders'cognitive of DRG are more conducive to the selection of positive behaviors.

Escherichia coli(E.coli)is a key pathogenic bacterium responsible for postpartum endo-metritis,with its colonization in the reproductive tract closely associated with endometrial damage and disruption of the ovarian cycle.This ultimately leads to infertility,causing significant economic losses to the dairy industry.Macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response.This study aims to investigate the mRNA expression profile of bovine bone marrow-derived macropha-ges following E.coli infection using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)technology.Additionally,it seeks to identify the biological functions and signaling pathways of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)through Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses.The results demonstrated that E.coli infection induced differential expression of 4 522 genes,with 2 141 upregulated and 2 381 downregulated.These genes were primarily asso-ciated with inflammatory responses,where TLR2,TLR4,NLRP3,and PTGS2 played pivotal roles.PGD2 synthesis was mediated by TLR2,TLR4,and NLRP3.Transcriptome sequencing of bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with E.coli and treated with a PGD2 inhibitor revealed a marked downregulation of TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression.qPCR validation results were highly consistent with the RNA-seq findings.This study elucidates the interactive regulatory roles of TLR2,TLR4,and NLRP3 in conjunction with PGD2,which collectively modulate bovine endome-tritis.These findings offer significant molecular insights that enhance our understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying bovine endometritis,thereby informing its prevention and treatment strategies.

Objective To apply a multidimensional neonatal nutritional risk screening scale for hospitalized premature infants to explore its predictive value for extrauterine growth restriction(EUGR)at the time of discharge.Methods A total of 104 premature infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2023 to September 2023 were selected as research subjects.Nutritional risk screening was conducted within 24 hours of admission and weekly thereafter using the multidimensional neonatal nutritional risk screening scale.Scoring was based on four dimensions(birth status,weight changes,nutritional intake methods,and disease diagnosis),with a total score of ≥ 8 indicating high risk;≥4 and＜8 indicating moderate risk;and＜4 indicating low risk.EUGR at the time of discharge was the primary clinical outcome indicator.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were constructed to explore the predictive value of neonatal nutritional risk screening for EUGR in premature infants.Results At discharge,40 premature infants(38.5％)experienced EUGR.The nutritional risk screening scores of the EUGR group on day 7 of hospitalization were higher than those of the non-EUGR group(P＜0.05).The rate of high nutritional risk on day 7 of hospitalization was highest(7.9％in the non-EUGR group,22％in the EUGR group,and 13.5％overall).On both day 1 and day 7 of hospitalization,the rate of high nutritional risk in the EUGR group was higher than that in the non-EUGR group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the nutritional risk screening scores on day 7,birth weight Z-scores,discharge corrected gestational age weight Z-scores,and serum albumin levels between the EUGR and non-EUGR groups(P＜0.05).ROC curves were plotted,yielding AUCs of 0.625(95％CI 0.514,0.736),0.652(95％CI 0.544,0.760),0.674(95％CI 0.561,0.786),and 0.641(95％CI 0.531,0.750),indicating certain predictive value.A combined predictive ROC model yielded an AUC of 0.786(95％CI 0.692,0.880)for EUGR,which was higher than the AUCs for individual indicators(P＜0.001).Conclusion The occurrence of EUGR is relatively common among hospitalized premature infants.The nutritional risk is highest during the first week of hospitalization.The multidimensional neonatal nutritional risk screening scale can dynamically assess nutritional risk during hospitalization and may serve as one of the early warning indicators for EUGR in premature infants.The predictive efficacy for EUGR is enhanced when combined with birth weight Z-scores,discharge weight Z-scores,and serum albumin,providing a basis for individualized nutritional management of premature infants.

Objective:To evaluate the early efficacy and safety of transnasal endoscopic surgical resection of orbital cavernous hemangioma (OCH) at orbital resection by intranasal technique (ORBIT) stage Ⅲ.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 20 patients (20 eyes) who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery to remove ORBIT stage Ⅲ OCH at the Third Hospital of Peking University from July 2021 to July 2024. The cohort were included 10 males and 10 females, aged from 25 to 59 years, with a mean follow-up time of (5.10±4.51) months. Preoperative symptoms included visual field defects in 19 patients (95%), decreased visual acuity in 18 patients (90%), exophthalmos in 2 patients (10%), diplopia in 2 patients (10%), headache in 2 patients (10%), ocular pain in 2 patients (10%), and color vision abnormalities in 1 patient (5%). Data on patient demographics, medical history, imaging data, surgical approach, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Pre-and post-surgical outcomes including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field, proptosis, and intraocular pressure were compared. Surgical approaches included transnasal endoscopic OCH resection (12 cases, 60%) and transnasal endoscopic combined conjunctival approach OCH resection (8 cases, 40%). The results of the postoperative 2-week review were used as the postoperative short-term efficacy data, and those at 3 months were used for postoperative therapeutic efficacy analysis. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was applied for statistical analysis.Results:In 20 patients, all OCH were completely resected, and the BCVA, visual field, and exophthalmos were significantly improved post-operatively. The differences were statistically significant before and after surgery ( t values were 3.169, 5.127, and 3.350, respectively, all P<0.05). There were no serious complications in the short term after surgery. The short-term complications after endoscopic surgery alone were mainly new-onset diplopia in 1 case (1/12), and the short-term complications after combined approach were new-onset diplopia in 5 cases (5/8) and pupil dilation in 2 cases (2/8). All short-term complications recovered within 3 months, and no serious or permanent complications occurred in the long-term follow. Conclusion:The endoscopic transnasal surgery is a safe and effective approach for complete resection of ORBIT stage Ⅲ OCH, with promising early results.

Aptamers are a class of short DNA/RNA single strand oligonucleotides that can bind to target molecules with high affinity specificity. They have the advantages of high affinity specificity, low molecular weight and low immunogenicity, and have been widely used in biomedical research, clinical diagnosis and therapy, and biosensor development. Systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an in vitro screening technique, which enriches the aptamers with high affinity and specific binding to the target through multiple cycles of screening, and has a wide range of applications in tumor therapy.

Children with cancer represent a distinct patient population, and decisions regarding hospice care preferences are primarily made by their parents. This article examines parental preferences concerning the location and goals of hospice care for their children with cancer, discusses the advantages and disadvantages associated with these choices, and identifies factors influencing parental preferences for hospice care. The aim is to provide a reference for clinical healthcare professionals in delivering high-quality hospice care services for children with cancer that align with parental preferences.

International studies have established that electrons, X-rays, protons, and heavy ions can all be utilized in ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy. Among these modalities, megavoltage X-ray ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy holds particularly broad clinical promise. With its long-term expertise in high-intensity pulsed radiation sources, the Institute of Applied Electronics at the China Academy of Engineering Physics has pioneered global solutions for generating and measuring megavoltage X-rays ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy, positioning China at the forefront of this field. Herein, we review the development history, current status, and future trends in ultra-high dose-rate X-ray generation, measurement, and protection. The insights provided aim to serve as a reliable reference for clinical and preclinical research, equipment development, and standardization, thereby enabling more precise and reliable megavoltage ultra-high dose-rate X-ray production and measurement. We hope this work will significantly support further research and clinical translation of ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy technology.

Objective:To establish a rapid and precise dose measurement method with EBT4 film and ensure its measurement accuracy to be within the required range through strict operational procedures for the purpose of addressing the two essential issues of poor measurement accuracy and timeliness of EBT film under FLASH conditions.Methods:After storing under different humidity conditions for a certain period of time, the film was exposed to radiation for analyzing the influence of air humidity on the intrinsic performance of EBT film. By means of repeated scanning operations and the film angle rotation, the influences of repeated scanning and film placement angle were analuzed. Parabolic correction method was used to reduce the spatial position influence during the scanning process. By analying the relationship between net optical density (netOD) and absorbed dose through the comparison of three fitting method, the optimal fitting curve was selected. After irradiation of the same batch of films for 5 min and 24 h, the film doses were calibrated and then compared with ionization chamber-measured result. The rapid and precise film dosimetry method was used to measure both the percentage depth dose from X-rays at ultra-high dose rate and the dose distribution at a depth of 2 cm in water.Results:Air humidity had the greatest influence on the intrinsic performance of EBT film (approximately 20%). The average deviation of repeated scans is within 0.5%. The angle at which the film is placed significantly affected the readouts of the film with the maximum influence approximately 70%. The net optical density combined with polynomial fitting can control the fitting residuals of 1-16 Gy within 3%. The change rate of light channels at 5 min already mostly met the requirements of the rapid mode (< 0.5%). Compared with the measurement result obtained using the reference ionization chamber, the deviations of the 5 min or 24 h dose calibration curves were all within 2%.Conclusions:The EBT4 film can be employed as a precise dosimeter to quickly measure the FLASH radiation dose. Rapid and precise FLASH dose measurements can meet the stringent requirements of both preclinical and clinical FLASH research.